高考英语一轮复习第二部分语法专练专题十一构词法课件外研版.ppt

专题十一构词法,考向分析构词法包括合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写,名列高考大纲的语法项目表之中,其中合成法和派生法是重点,特别是派生法,是每年高考的高频考点之一,例如,形容词的副词形式、动词的名词形式、名词的形容词形式等。,考点清单一、合成法单句改错1.(2017课标全国)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-years-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting.16-years-old16-year-old答案16-years-old16-year-old在带有连字符的复合形容词中,名词应用单数形式,故16-years-old改为16-year-old。,语境运用,2.(2016课标全国)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-months-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitsmother.three-months-oldthree-month-old答案three-months-oldthree-month-old复合形容词three-months-old使用错误,名词应用单数形式。3.StephenFrancisobservedeighteen-years-oldShellyAnnatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.eighteen-years-oldeighteen-year-old答案eighteen-years-oldeighteen-year-old在题干中,eighteen-years-old错误,中间的名词years应用单数形式。,合成法是两个或两个以上的词按一定的规则合成一个新词的方法。这样的词被称为合成词。1.合成形容词,用法精讲,2.合成名词,3.其他形式的合成词,二、派生法(一)形容词转换为副词单句填空1.(2017课标全国)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.答案fairly空格处在句中作状语,修饰形容词unpleasant,故填提示词的副词形式。,语境运用,2.Dr.BaronewasmydoctorwhenIwasakid,andeventhoughIwasproba-bly(probable)justanotherpatienttoher,tomeshewasmorethanjustmydoctor.答案probably空格处在句中作状语,故空格处填副词probably。3.(2015广东)Luckily(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkev-eryday.答案Luckily空格处作状语,用于修饰整个句子,故空格处填提示词的副词形式。单句改错4.(2016课标全国)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.steadysteadily答案steadysteadily句尾的词在句中作状语,用于修饰动词,故steady改为steadily。,1.派生法是在词根上添加后缀或前缀来变成新单词的方法,这样构成的单词被称为派生词。添加后缀往往改变词性,而添加前缀往往改变词义。2.形容词转换为副词的常用后缀:,用法精讲,温馨提示1.注意以下形容词变副词的拼写wholewholly完全地shyshyly害羞地drydryly干燥地goodwell好地2.注意以-ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的lovely可爱的lively生动的lonely孤独的deadly致命的monthly每月的yearly每年的daily每日的weekly每周的,(二)形容词转换为名词单句填空1.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsad-mirableistheirability(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.答案ability结合空前的形容词性物主代词their可知,空格处应填名词ability。2.Thelinehasalength(long)of174kmasadoubletrackedpassengerdedicatedline,withtenstationssituatedalongitsroute.答案length根据空前的冠词可知,空格处应该填提示词的名词形式。,语境运用,3.(2017河北衡水中学高三小二调)Nowthereisaresurgence(复苏)initspopularity(popular)intheUKanditisavailabletoanyonewhocanaffordit.答案popularity根据空前的形容词性物主代词its可知,空格处填名词popularity。4.(2017黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中高三月考)Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureandconvenience(convenient)ofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingcheated.答案convenience空格处在句中作宾语,结合空前的pleasure可知,空格处填名词convenience。,形容词变名词的常用后缀:,用法精讲,(三)动词转换为名词单句填空1.(2017课标全国)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithhereducation(educate).答案education空格处在句中作宾语,结合空前的定语her可知,空格处应填写提示词的名词形式。2.(2017课标全国)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.答案introduction根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of可知,空格处应该填名词introduction。,语境运用,3.Magically,thatshowremainstheGreatJasonsbestperformance(perform)tothisday.答案performance根据空前的定语best可知,空格处应该填写名词performance。4.(2016课标全国)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyoullfeelarealsenseofachievement(achieve).答案achievement根据空前的of和语境可知,此处为常用短语“asenseofachievement”,意为“成就感”,故空格处填提示词的名词形式。,动词变名词的常用后缀:,用法精讲,(四)动词转换为形容词单句填空1.(2017课标全国)However,becareful(care)nottogotoextremes.答案careful空格处作表语,结合空后的不定式可知,空格处填形容词。故填careful。2.Igavehimaquickhugandwentbackintotheseatingarea,leavinghimwithasurprised(surprise)smile.答案surprised空格处在句中作名词smile的定语,结合语境可知,空格处填surprised。,语境运用,3.Whilethereareamazing(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.答案amazing空格处在句中作定语,用于修饰名词stories,故填amaz-ing。,1.动词转换为形容词的常用后缀:2.分词形容词化:annoy,disappoint,frighten,terrify,worry等使役性动词的现在分词和过去分词可作为形容词使用。现在分词构成的形容词常用于物,过去分词构成的形容词常用于人,而修饰与人有关的表情、眼神、声音等时,常用过去分词构成的形容词。,用法精讲,(五)名词转换为形容词单句填空1.(2017课标全国)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemostsuccessful(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.答案successful根据空前的themost和语境可知,此处为形容词最高级,故填提示词的形容词形式。,语境运用,2.(2015课标全国)Asnatural(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfig-uredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.答案natural空格处在句中作定语,修饰名词architects,由此结合语境可知,空格处填形容词natural。,单句改错3.(2017课标全国)Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.differencedifferent答案differencedifferent根据后面的kindsof和语境可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故difference改为different。,名词转换为形容词的常用后缀:,用法精讲,三、转化法转换法指的是单词在词形不变的情况下,由一种词性直接转换为另外一种词性的方法。,用法精讲,四、缩写和简写缩写和简写指的是通过缩写或简写的形式来构成单词的方法。这一方法通常被称为缩略法;另外,通