CASH 内部控制和现金(ppt 43)英文版(1)

INTERNALCONTROLANDCASH内部控制和现金,Defineinternalcontrol.Principlesofinternalcontrol.Internalcontroltocashreceipts.Internalcontroltocashdisbursements.Operationofapettycashfund.Controlfeaturesofabankaccount.Prepareabankreconciliation.,MainPoints,Internalcontrolconsistsoftheplanoforganizationandalltherelatedmethodsandmeasuresadoptedwithinabusinessinorderto:1safeguarditsassetsand2enhancetheaccuracyandreliabilityofitsaccountingrecords.,INTERNALCONTROL内部控制,Establishmentofresponsibility责任的建立:controlismosteffectivewhenonlyonepersonisresponsibleforagiventask.Segregationofduties职责的分离:theworkofoneemployeeshouldprovideareliablebasisforevaluatingtheworkofanotheremployee.Documentationprocedures过程证据化:documentsshouldprovideevidencethattransactionsandeventshaveoccurred.,PRINCIPLESOFINTERNALCONTROL,Physical,mechanical,andelectroniccontrols物理控制:relateprimarilytothesafeguardingofassetsandenhancingaccuracyandreliabilityoftheaccountingrecords.Independentinternalverification独立的内部验证:thereview,comparison,andreconciliationofinformationfromtwosources.Othercontrols其他控制:bondingofemployeeswhohandlecash,rotating轮换employeesduties,andrequiringemployeestotakevacations休假.,PRINCIPLESOFINTERNALCONTROL,Safes,andsafetydepositboxesforcashandbusinesspapersLockedwarehousesandstoragecabinetsforinventoriesandrecordsComputerfacilitieswithpasskeyaccess,PHYSICALCONTROLS,MECHANICALANDELECTRONICCONTROLS,Alarmstopreventbreak-insTelevisionmonitorstodetertheftTimeclocksforrecordingtimeworked,Toobtainmaximumbenefitfromindependentinternalverification:1Theverificationshouldbemadeperiodicallyoronasurprisebasis.2Theverificationshouldbedonebyanemployeewhoisindependentofthepersonnelresponsiblefortheinformation.3Exceptionsshouldbereportedtoamanagementlevelthatcantakeappropriatecorrectiveaction.,INDEPENDENTINTERNALVERIFICATION,Independentinternalverificationisoftenassignedtointernalauditors内部审计师.Internalauditorsevaluatetheeffectivenessofthecompanyssystemofinternalcontrolonacontinuousbasis.Internalauditingisaprofessionalactivitywithinacompany,oftenwithdirectaccesstotheboardofdirectors.,INDEPENDENTINTERNALVERIFICATION,Makesmonthlycomparisons:reportsanyunreconcilabledifferencestotreasurer,MaintainscashbalancesMaintainscustodyofperbookscashonhand,IndependentInternalVerification,COMPARISONOFSEGREGATIONOFDUTIESPRINCIPLEWITHINDEPENDENTINTERNALVERIFICATIONPRINCIPLE,AccountingEmployeeA,AssistantCashierB,AssistantTreasurerC,SegregationofDuties,Costsofestablishingcontrolproceduresshouldnotexceedtheirexpectedbenefitsaccordingtotheconceptofreasonableassurance.Thehumanelementisalsoanimportantfactor.AgoodsystemcanbecomeineffectivethroughemployeecarelessnessCollusion合谋mayresultwhentwoormoreindividualsworktogethertogetaroundprescribedcontrolsandmaysignificantlyimpairtheeffectivenessofasystem.,LIMITATIONSOFINTERNALCONTROL内部控制的限制,Cashincludescoins,currency,checks,moneyorders,andmoneyonhandorondepositatabankorsimilardepository.Internalcontrolovercashisimperativeinordertosafeguardcashandassuretheaccuracyoftheaccountingrecordsforcash.,CASH现金,Onlydesignatedpersonnelshouldbeauthorizedtohandleorhaveaccesstocashreceipts.Differentindividualsshould:1receivecash2recordcashreceipttransactions3havecustodyofcash,INTERNALCONTROLOVERCASHRECEIPTS接受现金的内部控制,Documentsshouldinclude:remittanceadvices,cashregistertapes,depositslipsCashshouldbestoredinsafesandbankvaultsAccesstostorageareasshouldbelimitedtoauthorizedpersonnel,Dailycashcountsanddailycomparisonsoftotalreceipts.Allpersonnelwhohandlecashreceiptsshouldbebondedandrequiredtotakevacations.Controlofover-the-counterreceiptsiscenteredoncashregistersthatarevisibletocustomers.,Paymentsaremadebycheck支票ratherthanbycash,exceptforpettycash零用现金transactions.Onlyspecifiedindividualsshouldbeauthorizedtosignchecks.Differentdepartmentsorindividualsshouldbeassignedthedutiesofapprovinganitemforpaymentandpayingit.,INTERNALCONTROLOVERCASHDISBURSEMENTS现金支付的内部控制,Pre-numberedchecksshouldbeusedandeachcheckshouldbesupportedbyanapprovedinvoiceorotherdocument.Blankchecks空白支票shouldbestoredinasafe.1Accessshouldberestrictedtoauthorizedpersonnel.2Acheckwritermachineshouldbeusedtoimprinttheamountonthecheckinindelibleink.,Eachcheckshouldbecomparedwiththeapprovedinvoicebeforeitisissued.Followingpayment,theapprovedinvoiceshouldbestampedPAID.,ElectronicFundsTransfer(EFT)isadisbursementsystemthatuseswire,telephone,orcomputertosendcashfromonelocationtoanother.Regularpaymentssuchasthoseforhouse,car,andutilitiesarefrequentlymadebyEFT.,ELECTRONICFUNDSTRANSFER电子资金划账,Apettycashfundisusedtopayrelativelysmallamounts.Operationofthefund,oftencalledanimprestsystem,involves:1establishingthefund,2makingpaymentsfromthefund,and3replenishingthefund.,PETTYCASHFUND备用金,Accountingentriesarerequiredwhen:1thefundisestablished,2thefundisreplenished,and3theamountofthefundischanged.,PETTYCASHFUND备用金,ESTABLISHINGTHEFUND,Twoessentialstepsinestablishingapettycashfundare1appointingapettycashcustodianwhowillberesponsibleforthefundand2determiningthesizeofthefund.Ordinarily,theamountisexpectedtocoveranticipateddisbursementsfora3-weekto4-weekperiod.,LairdCompanydecidestoestablisha$100fundonMarch1.Whenthefundisestablished,acheckpayabletothepettycashcustodianisissuedforthestipulatedamount.,REPLENISHINGTHEFUND,Whenthemoneyinthepettycashfundreachesaminimumlevel,thefundisreplenished.Therequestforreimbursementisinitiatedbythepettycashcustodian.Thepettycashcustodianpreparesascheduleofthepaymentsthathavebeenmadeandsendstheschedule,withsupportingdocumentation,tothetreasurersoffice.,OnMarch15thepettycashcustodianrequestsacheckfor$87.Thefundcontains$13cashandpettycashreceiptsforpostage$44,freight-in$38,andmiscellaneousexpenses,$5.,Theuseofabankminimizestheamountofcurrencythatmustbekeptonhandandcontributessignificantlytogoodinternalcontrolovercash.Acompanycansafeguarditscashbyusingabankasadepositoryandclearinghouseforchecksreceivedandcheckswritten.Newdepositorsarerequiredtosignasignaturecardwhenopeningacheckingaccount.,USEOFABANK,Acheckisawrittenordersignedbythedepositordirectingthebanktopayaspecifiedsumofmoneytoadesignatedrecipient.Threepartiestoacheckare:1Maker(drawer)issuesthecheck2Bank(payer)onwhichcheckisdrawn3Payeetowhomcheckispayable,WRITINGCHECKS开支票,Drawer,Bank,Payee,Check,Check,Cash,BankStatement,BANKSTATEMENTS银行对账单,Abankstatementshows:1checkspaidandotherdebitschargedagainsttheaccount2depositsandothercreditsmadetotheaccount3accountbalanceaftereachdaystransactions,BANKSTATEMENTS银行对账单,Bankdebitmemorandaindicatechargesagainstthedepositorsaccount.Example:ATMservicechargesBankcreditmemorandaindicateamountsthatwillincreasethedepositorsaccount.Example:interestincomeonaccountbalance,MEMORANDA,RECONCILINGTHEBANKACCOUNT银行户头的调整,Reconciliationisnecessarybecausethebalanceperbank银行余额andbalanceperbooks账上余额areseldominagreementduetotimelagsanderrors.Abankreconciliationshouldbepreparedbyanemployeewhohasnootherresponsibilitiespertainingtocash.,Stepsinpreparingabankreconciliation:1Determinedepositsintransit2Determineoutstandingchecks3Noteanyerrorsdiscovered4TracebankmemorandatotherecordsEachreconcilingitemusedindeterminingtheadjustedcashbalanceperbooksshouldberecordedbythedepositor,RECONCILINGTHEBANKACCOUNT,ThebankstatementfortheLairdCompanyshowsabalanceperbankof$15,907.45onApril30,2002.,Onthisdatethebalanceofcashperbooksis$11,589.45.,BANKRECONCILIATON,CollectionofNoteReceivableThisentryinvolvesfouraccounts.Interestof$50hasnotbeenaccruedandthecollectionfeeischargedtoMiscellaneousExpense.,BookErrorA