雅思判断题TFNG大全各种技巧全包括.ppt

IELTSREADING,TRUE/YES,FALSE/NO,NOTGIVEN判断题MULTIPLECHOICES多选题,雅思阅读的形式,Diagramcompleting完成图表题flowchart流程图tablecompletion填表题shortanswerquestion简答题sentencecompletion完成句子题multiplechoice多项选择题summary摘要题listofheadings标题对应题matching配对题ture/false/notgiven正误判断题,判断题介绍,题目为数个陈述句。需要你根据原文判断每个句子是对(TRUE/YES)、错(FALSE/NO)，还是未提及(NOTGIVEN)。重点题型，每次必考。难度较大，尤其容易将F/N和NG混淆,TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN考事实的(较容易)YES/NO/NOTGIVEN考观点的,TRUE/YES题目中的关键词与原文中的关键词-相同-同义-同向FALSE/NO题目中的关键词与原文中的关键词-矛盾-反义-反向NOTGIVEN-题目的内容原文完全未提及(子虚乌有型)-题目的内容原文部分提及了,却存在着两种可能性难点（证据不足型）,逻辑判断,YES,NO,NG,NG,原文：Thewateriscold.题目1：Thewaterischilly.题目2：Thewaterishot.题目3：Thewaterisdirty.,1.文中说:塞朴路斯的旅游者大多来自欧洲.题目说:塞朴路斯的旅游者大多来自英国.2.文中说:MM老师喜欢JAY.题目说:MM老师ONLY喜欢JAY.剑五P26Q28,OverviewofT/F/NGquestions,Mostquestionsfollowingtheorderprinciple;ifnot,keywordshavetobefound;Nopersonalunderstandings,findanswerfromtheoriginaltext;Languageunderstandingonly,nologicalunderstanding;Itisoneofthedetailed/localquestions,重点难点区分false和notgiven,FALSE和NOTGIVEN的差别。Ifyouwrite”False“asyouranswer,youaresayingthattheinformationexpressedinthequestionistheoppositeofthatpresentedintext.Thisisquitedifferentfroma”NotGiven“answer,whichsaysthatyoucanfindnothinginthetextabouttheinformation.,解题步骤,在题目中划出关键词。据定位词找到原文中对应的位置。可能是一句话也可能是几句话与原文观点一致TRUE/YES，对立或者相反FALSE/NO原文没有提及则NOTGIVEN,如何划好判断题的关键词？,从以下的句子中划出一个关键词：Networkingisnotamodernidea.Peoplefallintotwobasiccategories.Allteachersarecynics.ThefirstpieceofHessesarthaslittleeffectonvisitorstothegallery.TheNewForesthasalreadybeenmadeintoaNationalPark.,如何划好判断题的关键词？,表示关键内容的定位词，同其他题型特殊关键词：否定词或表示否定意义的词（支持、肯定还是反对、否定）Not,few,little,barely,具体的数字Two,million限定范围的词（全体、部分）All,almost,only,except,apartof时间指示词(指示时间的词，过去，现在或者未来)。Already,once,will,inthepast/future情态动词(表示不同程度的义务和确定性)must,should,haveto频率副词sometimes,always，seldom,onceinawhile,比较考点词在是非无判断题中的应用,AisthanBORAisasasB1）A和B在有一方在原文中没有出现，答案为NOTGIVEN2）A和B都在原文中出现，但并未出现比较，答案为NOTGIVEN；3）A和B都在原文中出现，且出现比较，但比较的内容不一致，答案为NOTGIVEN；4）如果A和B都在原文中出现，而且比较内容相同，则根据方向来判断答案为TRUE/YES还是FALSENO,比较考点词,Example20Original1:Moregirls(70%)thanboys(60%)raisedtheideaofrainforestasanimalhabitats.Original2:Moregirls(13%)thanboys(5%)saidthatrainforestsprovidedhumanhabitats.Question:Girlsaremorelikelythanboystoholdmistakenviewsabouttherainforestsdestruction.Answer:NOTGIVEN,数字数量考点词,Example22Question：The1993Sydneysurveyinvolved289patientswhovisitedalternativetherapists(非传统治疗专家)foracupuncturetreatments（针灸治疗）.Original:DrLaverandhiscolleaguespublishedasurveyof289SydneypeoplewhoattendedeightalternativetherapiespracticesinSydney.Thesepracticesofferedawiderangeofalternativetherapiesform25therapists.,考点词,如果一道题目没有出现明显的考点词，或者题目的重心位置出现some,may,like,notall等语气保守的词的时候，该题目选择FALE/NO的概率就很小，选TURE/YES的概率相对比较大。,考点词,Example23Question:Somepeoplewithsimplenumbersystemsusebodylanguagetopreventmisunderstandingofexpressionofnumber.Original:Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.Answer:TRUE/YES,TRUE/YES,题目与原文的一句话基本相同或者是重述题目的含义隐含在是原文多句话中（较难），需要归纳或者概括补充的一点是，所谓选TRUE，并不意味着题目和原文百分之百的相等，只要两者的表述是在同一个方向上的便可，例如“same”和“similar”这两个表述就可以等同为是一致的。,例题概括,【题目】Theresearchfindingsreportcommercialratherthanpoliticaltrends.【原文】ResearchinBritainhasshownthat“greenconsumers”continuetoflourishasasignificantgroupamongstshoppers.Thissuggeststhatpoliticianswhoclaimenvironmentalismisyesterdaysissuemaybeseriouslymisjudgingthepublicmood,例题归纳,【题目】Aresponsedelayof12minutesmayhavesubstantialinfluenceonwhetherornotasuspectedcriminaliscaught.【原文】Ithasbeendemonstratedthatrapidresponseleadstoagreaterlikelihoodofanarrestonlyifresponsesareintheorderof12minutesafteracallisreceivedbythepolice.Whenresponsetimesincreasesto34minutesstillquitearapidresponsethelikelihoodofanarrestissubstantiallyreduced.,FALSE/NO,题目与原文内容相反、矛盾题目绝对化和排他性，原文有多种可能除了明显相反的情况（较少），还有如下比较隐晦的错误方式：题目在数量、频率、可能性上夸大和绝对化如：some-all;sometimes-always;原文是理论或者感觉（即，可对可错），题目中将其描述为一种“事实”，也是一种错误如：feel/consider-prove,theoryfact,例题需要稍作推断,【题目】Graphologyisagoodpredictoroffuturejobperformance.【原文】Researchintothevalidityofselectionmethodshasconsistentlydemonstratedthattheunstructuredinterviewisapoorpredictoroffuturejobperformanceandfareslittlebetterthanmorecontroversialmethodslikegraphologyandastrology.,例题频率夸大,【题目】Frogsandtoadsareusuallypoisonous.【原文】Eveninwetareasonceteemingwithfrogsandtoads,itisbecominglessandlesseasytofindthoseslimy,hoppingandsometimespoisonousmembersoftheanimalkingdom.,例题可能性夸大,【题目】Menareinvariablypreferredtowomenwhenitcomestopromotion.【原文】Womenalsohavelessjobsecurityandfeweropportunitiesforpromotion.Higherstatusjobs,eveninindustrieswhichemploymostlywomen,tendtobefilledbymen.,例题绝对化,【题目】TheEntertainmentCenterisonlyforinternationalpopularmusicartistswhoattractlargeaudiences.【原文】Therearenumerousclubswhichappealtopeopleofallages,andcaterforalltastes.Pubsarethevenueforsmallermodernbands,whilethebig-namepopularmusicartists,bothlocalandinternational,attractcapacityaudiencesatthehugeEntertainmentCenterintheheartofthecity.,例题理论事实化,【题目】Itisafactthatfrogsbreedingcyclesareupsetbyworldwideincreasesintemperature.【原文】Anothertheoryisthatworldwidetemperatureincreasesareupsettingthebreedingcyclesoffrogs.,FALSE的复习,F1反义词抵触型F2绝对等于不对F3单一等于不对F4already等于不对F5数字做考点，一般选false（mainly，largely）F6去掉条件状语,答案选false,补充说明F1在句子中的实现,句子中由否定词直接否定：not/nolonger(不再)/notanymore/bynomeans(决不）句子中隐含的否定：usedtodosth./untilrecently/aswasoncethecase,剑五p19/Q11题目:JohnsonsetupanacademytohelpwiththewritingofhisDictionary.原文:Johnsondecidedhedidnotneedanacademytosettleargumentsaboutlanguage;hewouldwriteadictionaryhimself;andhewoulddoitsingle-handed.,F2:绝对等于不对,90%impossible(ly)immediate(ly)80%always（总是）/often/usually/never（从不）70%all(剑四page48Q23)/every/any/none,Must及一组副词:题目说的太绝对,容易被人抓住把柄,absolutely,definitely，invariably(不可改变地)/inevitably(不可避免地)/unarguably/irrefutably/assuredly/indisputably/undeniably/certainly(毫无疑问地)/withoutquestion=outofquestion/,与绝对词FALSE相反的TRUE:(即真理型的TRUE),possible(ly)/probable(ly)/presumably/perhaps/belikelyto/maybe/may(might)/can(could)/would/somewhat/seemto/appearto/chances/odds/almost/sometimes/some/certain/adegreeof/occasionally/notalways/notall/notnecessarily/（剑5，23）,F3:单一VS多样,题目中:单一onlyone/only/sole/solely/single/unique/merely/barely/exclusively原文中:多样two/bothand/various/varied/variety/different/diversified/versatile(万能的,多才多艺的)e.g.,题目说:RadicalgroupsareonlyfoundwithintheLaborParty.文中说:Infact,itwouldbetruetosaythatbothpartiesconsistofconservative,moderateandradicalelements,andthereforethegeneralpublicisoftenperplexedaboutwhichpartytovotefor.,F4:题干有ALREADY+完成时做关键字,题目说:Biosilkhasalreadyreplacednyloninparachutemanufacture.文中说:Armyscientistsarelookingatthepossibilitiesofusingbiosilkforlightweight,bullet-proofingvestsandparachutes.,F5：数字做考点,一般选FALSE尤其有mainly/largely,剑三P40Q2.3.4(反例)P62,2FourthousandspeciesofdungbeetlewereinitiallybroughttoAustraliabytheCSIRO.,Between1968and1982,theCSIROimportedinsectsfromabout50differentspeciesofdungbeetle,fromAsia,EuropeandAfrica,aimingtomatchthemtodifferentclimaticzonesinAustralia.,3DungbeetleswerebroughttoAustraliabytheCSIROoverafourteen-yearperiod.,Between1968and1982,theCSIROimportedinsectsfromabout50differentspeciesofdungbeetle,fromAsia,EuropeandAfrica,aimingtomatchthemtodifferentclimaticzonesinAustralia.,4Atleasttwenty-sixoftheintroducedspecieshavebecomeestablishedinAustralia.,Ofthe26speciesthatareknowntohavebecomesuccessfullyintegratedintothelocalenvironment,onlyone,anAfricanspeciesreleasedinnorthernAustralia,hasreacheditsnaturalboundary.,F6:去掉条件状语=false,原文中包含条件状语,题目中去掉这些表示条件状语的成分.条件句引导词if,ifnot,unless也可能是用介词短语表示条件状语,如in,with,for,but(for),except(for),题目中:Themediahasoftencriticizedtheinternetbecauseitisdangerous.原文中:TheInternethasoftenbeencriticizedbythemediaasapotentiallyhazardoustoolinthehandsofyoungcomputerusers.,NOTGIVEN,题目中的事情原文中没提从原文内容无法推理出题目的结论原文说的是目标、目的、想法、保证、誓言等未发生的事，在题目中已经发生常用字眼：aim,purpose;promise;swear;prediction;assumption原文和题干一个说比例、一个说数量，互不相干,例题不可推理,【题目】SydneyHarboristhelargestintheworld.【原文】The57-square-killometerSydneyHarborisoneofthelargestintheworld,andfamousfortheunmistakable134-meterhigharchoftheHarborBridgeandthegracefulsailsoftheOperaHouse.,例题未发生,例题比例和数量无关,【题目】Themajorityofteachersgetsatisfactionfromtheirwork.【原文】Manyteachersfindtheirjobsveryrewarding.,NOTGIVEN的复习,NG1并不存在的关系（未提及型的）NG2隐含型的NG3并不存在的比较关系NG4权威效应，大众效应NG5偷换概念NG6关于最高级的思考NG7题目内容原文部分提及了，却存在两种可能性.,NG的形式NG1并不存在的关系(未提及型)e.g.题目说:Thegovernmentwasconcernedaboutsomeartistscomplaints.文中说:Thesizeoftherehearsalroomof,andsomeartistshavecomplainedbitterlyaboutallthesevarietieseversince.,NG2:隐含型的NGanother(the)otherlatternextsecondrelative,NG3并不存在的比较关系只要文中有AISBETTERTHANB的形式A+be+adj比较级+than+B(外表,金钱,男女)better!similar!,e.g.题目说:AustralianartistsgivebetterperformancesintheOperaHouse.文中说:TheQueenofficiallyopenedthebuildingin1975andsincethenaudiencesofallnationalitieshavebeenquicktoacclaimthemanyworld-classperformancesofstarsfromtheAustralianopera,balletandtheatre.,NG4,权威效应,大众效应文中某名人说A是事实，题中把名人去掉，说A就是事实文中说许多人说B是事实,题中直接说B就是事实原文中出现了发誓，承诺，愿望，决心，目的等主观限定词，而题目去除以上限定变为客观事实陈述:常见主观限定词:promise,vow,swear,aimto,pledge(保证),resolve(决心),e.g.题目中:UtzonneverreturnedtoAustraliatoseethecompletedbuilding.文中说:Utzonleftthecountrybeforecompletingtheprojectandinafitofangervowednevertoreturn.,NG5偷换概念,地点状语的范围缩小文中是个大范围EUROPE题目中是小范围UK罕见：从小范围大范围翻译上的误区，或者常识上的误区。,题目中：Someparentsspendextraontheirchildrenseducationbecauseoftheprestigeattachedtocertainschools.文中说：Wealthyparentshavealwaysbeenwillingtospendthevastamountsofextramoneynecessarytosendtheirchildrentoschoolswithaperceivededucationaledge.,NG6:关于最高级的思考(先天不足，树敌太多）,地理的,自然的:珠穆朗玛峰是全世界的最高峰.TNG人文的:大英博物馆这方面的馆藏是全世界最大的.是最著名的导演.这个技艺是吉尼斯世界记录里最绝的一个.NG（无从考量型/有这个可能性)(法律,种族,政治,女权问题避免),G类题目中说:Sydneyharbouristhelargestharbourintheworld.文章中说:Sydneyharbourisoneofthelargestharboursintheworld.NOTGIVEN,NG7题目的内容原文部分提及了,却存在两种可能性.F/NG分不清,+NOT为试金石不适用于以名词为考点的题目.(有些词没有反义词)e.g.文中说:小土豆喜欢吃麻辣烫和烤鸡翅.题目说:小土豆只喜欢吃烤鸡翅.+NOT=小土豆不只喜欢吃烤鸡翅.,NOTGIVEN和False辨析,本质是一个相关还是不相关的问题方法：题目和原文两个句子单独列出来，考虑一下这两句话在逻辑上是否有同时成立的可能性。如果没有就选False，而有的话，就选NotGiven.,剑IV/G类TestB/2题目：OnReceiptofyourdeposit,WessexCottageswillconfirmyourbookingbytelephone.原文：Whenwereceiveyourbookingformanddeposit,yourreservationwillbeconfirmedwewillsendyouaBookingConfirmation,togetherwithadviceonhowtoreachyourholidaycottageandthetelephonenumberofalocalcontactincaseyourequirefurtherdetailsonthecottagebeforeleavinghome.,剑IV/Test2/12题目：NationalGovernmentscoulddomoretoprotectendangeredlanguages.原文：Quiteoften,governmentstrytokilloffaminoritylanguage.,测试题,NG,Y,Y,Y,N,N,7.RadiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhasbeeninstalledexperimentallyinbigsupermarketslikeWal-Mart.,7.RadiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhasbeeninstalledexperimentallyinbigsupermarketslikeWal-Mart.,Answer:NO,8.Peopletendtodownloadmoreunknownsongsthansongstheyarefamiliarwith.,Answer:NOTGIVEN,9.Songsrankedhighbythenumberoftimesbeingdownloadedarefavoredbycustomers.,Answer:YES,10.Peoplefollowtheotherstothesameextentwhetheritisconvenientornot.,Answer:NO,11.ItemssoldinsomeJapanesestoresaresimplychosenaccordingtothesalesdataofothershops.,Answer:YES,12.Swarmintelligencecanalsobeobservedineverydaylife.,Answer:YES,Summary,1.题目中若出现must、only、all及always，答案一般不会是True。题目中出现这些很常见，95%的答案都不是True。题目中出现上述这些词，答案False是还是NotGiven，就不一定，需要根据上面讲的规律再做判断，一般答案是False的比例更大一些。2.出现同义表达或推断归纳的一般为YES/TRUE.,Summary,3.Ifthewords“not,must/only,fact/prove,many/sometimes/unlikely/all/usually/always/impossible”appearinthestatements,theanswernormallyareFALSE/NO.4.Ifthereadingtexthasadverbialconditions,suchas“if/unless/ifnot/in/with/but/for/exceptfor”etc.,theanswerarenormallyNO/FALSE.,Summary,5.出现原文没有提及或者找不到依据的题目题目范围比原文所说的范围小，更具体的内容时候；原文是目标，想法，愿望，保证，发誓的时候，题目是事实的时候，出现aim,purpose,promise,swear,vow.；题目中有比较级，原文中没有比较级的时候，一般情况下答案多为NOTGIVEN。,总结,A)肯定=双重否定或正话反说他长得很难看=他长得没有攻击性B)同义词或同意短语长得很难看=长得很抽象=长得很爱国=长得很敬业=长得很提神=长得很像车祸现场,calculate,count,computecall,summon,sendforcautious,attentive,prudent，carefulcause,reason,excusecease,pause,stop,halt,quit,center,middle,heart,core,midstcertainly,naturally,ofcourse,surelycertainty,assurance,convictionchange,alter,vary,convert,modify,transform,turn,第二种情况：题目是根据原文中的几句话做出推断或归纳。避免自行推理或过度推理,3要注意题目要求答什么。同是是非题，有时题目要求考生答Ture/False/NotGiven，有时要求答T/F/NG，有时又要求考生答Yes/No/NotGiven，必须按照要求去做，否则，本来判断正确，因为不符合要求而失分，很可惜。避免答错的一个方法是：在平常练习中就按照题目的要求去答，而不是随心所欲。,4题目中若出现must、only、all及always，答案一般不会是True。题目中出现这些很常见，95%的答案都不是True。题目中出现上述这些词，答案False是还是NotGiven，就不一定，需要根据上面讲的规律再做判断