非谓语动词概述及不定式.ppt

非谓语动词考点归纳,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。,Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.,非谓语动词的句法功能,可充当成分:主语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.,一、不定式,1.不定式作主语,Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither,2.不定式作宾语,Youneedntbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.,afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire,3.不定式作宾语补足语,MyfatherwantsmetobeanEnglishteacher.Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.常接不定式作宾补的词有：ask,encourage,force,permit,urge,direct,enable,invite,order,want,wish等,4.不定式作表语,Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语的内容或性质,HeistomarryRose.,表按计划要做的事情.,4.不定式作定语,Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.,5.不定式作目的状语,Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.,相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的目的状语.,6.不定式作结果状语,常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词astodo引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.,7.不定式作原因状语,常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.,此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）,Itis+形容词ofsomebody+todosth.,表示某人因做了某事而反映出了其特有的品质.例1：Itiswiseofhimtodothat.=Todothatiswiseofhim.例2：Itiswrongofhimnottoacceptourinvitation.=Nottoacceptourinvitationiswrongofhim.品质形容词：absurd,bold,careful,considerate,thoughtful,nice,rude,cruel,brave,careless,careful等,8.不定式的完成式.,表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。,10.不定式的省略现象，即用动词原形的情况,不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/except_them(wait).Ihavenotanypowerinthefirmexcept_(recommend).,不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.,1.Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehavenochoicebut_ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.taken,11.不定式后动词的省略,动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。,1.-WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.-_.A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.Idloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,IwouldntD.Thatsallright,句式wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,oughttohavedone,neednthavedone,usedtobe等省略形式为wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,neednthave,usedtobe,要保留不定式后的be或have。例1：-Areyouasailor?-No,butIusedtobe(asailor).例2：-Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?-No,butIshouldhave(finished).,不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it