新标准大学英语综合教程3单元一language in use.ppt

LanguageinUse,1FindmoreexamplesofeachuseofhyphensinthepassageWearealldying.,2Rewritethephrasesusingcompoundadjectives,3RewritethesentencesusingItswhat/howthat,4RewritethesentencesusingItis/wasnotjustthatbut,5Readtheexplanationsofthewords.Answerthequestions.,6TranslatetheparagraphsintoChinese.,7TranslatetheparagraphsintoEnglish.,1Lookatthesentencesfromthepassages.Butmostpeoplewereeitherlookingtocontinuetheirstudies,ortomakealivingwithawhite-collarjobinabankAfterall,weneverquiteknowwhenthehooded,scythe-carrying,bringer-of-the-last-breathmightcome-a-calling.Thenovelthatyouwanttowrite,thetriptotheGrandCanyonyouvealwaysplannedtotake,yourminds-eyedream-job,theWestEndplayyouwanttodirectyouhavetodothemnow.,LanguageinUse,LanguageinUse,Compoundwordsareusuallyconnectedbyhyphens.Thehyphenscanbeusedindifferentways.Theseinclude:incompoundadjectives,suchaswhite-collarjobincompoundnouns,suchasdream-jobinlongerphrases,whenthewriterwantstodrawattentiontotheindividualwords,suchasbringer-of-the-last-breath.ThisuseisnotcommonineverydayEnglish.,FindmoreexamplesofeachuseofhyphensinthepassageWearealldying.Ivedouble-andtriple-checkedit.(compoundverb)buddingcrypt-kickers(compoundnoun)arear-viewmirror(compoundadjective)theonce-a-yearholidaytoFloridaorSpain(compoundadjective)back-burnerstuff(compoundadjective)standingatthecorneroftheCo-op(compoundnoun)asepia-colouredrelativethatnoonecanputanameto(compoundadjective),LanguageinUse,2Rewritethephrasesusingcompoundadjectives.1apartywhichisheldlateatnightalate-nightparty2alibrarywhichiswellstockedawell-stockedlibrary3aprofessorwhoisworldfamousaworld-famousprofessor4someadvicewhichiswelltimedsomewell-timedadvice,LanguageinUse,5apopulationwhichisgrowingrapidlyarapidly-growingpopulation6aneconomywhichisbasedonfreemarketafree-marketeconomy7aboattripwhichlastsforhalfanhourahalf-hourboattrip,LanguageinUse,3Lookatthesentence.Whereourlivesmayleadisdeterminedbythethingswedowithourtimeandthewayweinvestit.Youcanrewriteitlikethis:Itsjustwhatwedowithourtime,howweinvestit,thatdetermineswhereourlivesmaylead.,LanguageinUse,RewritethesentencesusingItswhat/howthat1Whatotherpeoplethinkofusisdeterminedbyhowwebehave.Itshowwebehavethatdetermineswhatotherpeoplethinkofus.2Whatsortofjobwearegoingtoendupdoingisusuallydeterminedbyourcharacter.Itswhatourcharacteristhatusuallydetermineswhatsortofjobwearegoingtoendupdoing.,LanguageinUse,3Whatwedoasacareerisntalwaysdeterminedbythemarkswegetatuniversity.Itisntalwayswhatmarkswegetatuniversitythatdeterminewhatwedoasacareer.4Howwereacttolifesproblemsisoftendeterminedbyourchildhoodexperiences.Itisoftenwhatweexperiencedinourchildhoodthatdetermineshowwereacttolifesproblems.5Whenwedieisdeterminedbyourgeneticclock,andthechangeswemaketoit.Itswhatourgeneticclockisandwhatchangeswemaketoitthatdeterminewhenwedie.,LanguageinUse,4Lookatthesentence.Notonlydidtheycrawlintosuchanobvioustrap,italsoseemedasiftheycouldntbebotheredtocrawloutagain.Youcanrewriteitlikethis:Itwasntjustthattheycrawledintosuchanobvioustrap,butitseemedasiftheycouldntbebotheredtocrawloutagain.,LanguageinUse,RewritethesentencesusingItis/wasnotjustthatbut1NotonlyweretheshopsallclosedforThanksgiving,therewasalsonooneinthestreets.ItwasntjustthattheshopswereallclosedforThanksgiving,buttherewasnooneinthestreets.2Notonlydidshespendallhertimeatcollegegoingtoparties,shealsotookthetimetogainafirst-classdegree.Itwasntjustthatshespentallhertimeatcollegegoingtoparties,butshetookthetimetogainafirstclassdegree.,LanguageinUse,3Notonlyweretheynotlisteningtowhathesaid,italsoseemedasiftheywerentatallinterested.Itwasntjustthattheywerentlisteningtowhathesaid,butitseemedasiftheywerentatallinterested.4NotonlywasIupset,IalsofeltasifIwasgoingtoburstoutcrying.ItwasntjustthatIwasupset,butIfeltasifIwasgoingtoburstoutcrying.5NotonlywastheGrimReaperintendedtofrightenpeople,itwasalsoafigureoffun.ItwasntjustthattheGrimReaperwasintendedtofrightenpeople,butitwasalsoafigureoffun.,LanguageinUse,5Readtheexplanationsofthewords.Answerthequestions.1settleWhenyousettlesomewhereyougotheretostay.(a)Whereisdustlikelytosettleinaroom?Onthesurfacesthatarentusedveryoftenorarentcleaned.(b)Ifyousettleanargument,istheconclusionsatisfactory?Yes,itis,becausethedisagreementissolvedandeachpartyissatisfiedwiththeoutcome.,LanguageinUse,(c)Ifyousettlethebill,whatistherelefttopay?Nothing,becauseyouhavepaideverythingthatisowed.(d)Whatdoyoudowhenyousettlebacktowatchafilm?Werelaxinacomfortablechairandenjoyit.,LanguageinUse,2smoothThiswordcanmeanflatorsoft,comfortable,easyorconfident.(a)Iftheseaissmooth,areyoulikelytofeelseasick?No,becausetheseaiscalm.Wewillfeelseasickifitisrough.(b)Ifachangeoverfromonegovernmenttothenextissmooth,aretherelotsofproblems?No,becausethechangeoverhasgonewell,withoutdifficulties.(c)Isitagoodideatotrustasmoothtalker?Notnecessarily,becausesomepeoplewhotalkconfidentlylikethatdosototrickyou,likeaconfidencetricksterorconman.,LanguageinUse,3offerThiswordcanrefertosomethingyouwouldlikesomeonetotake,somethingsomeonegives,orsomethingthatisforsale.(a)Ifyoudeclineanoffer,doyousay“yes”or“no”?Wesay“no”,becausewearerefusingit.(b)Ifyouofferanapologytosomeoneforsomethingyouhavedone,whatdoyousay?Weshouldsay,“Iapologize”or“Imsorry”.,LanguageinUse,(c)Whereareyoulikelytoseespecialoffer?Inashop,becausetheshopisofferingaspecialpriceorreductionforsomething.(d)Ifsomeonehasalottooffer,whatkindofpersonarethey?Theyareintelligent,talented,giftedorcreativeandtheywillbringthesekindsofqualitiestotheirwork.,LanguageinUse,4bearIfyoubearsomethingyoucarryorbringit.Ifyoucannotbearsomething,youdislikeitorcannotacceptit.(a)Ifyoubearsomethinginmind,doyouforgetit?No,wewillrememberitandconsideritforaparticularoccasioninfuture.(b)Ifyoubeararesemblancetosomeone,inwhatwayareyoulikethem?Welooksimilarincertainphysicalfeatures.(c)Isthereanythingyoucantbeartothinkabout?Icantbeartothinktoomuchaboutsomeoftheproblemsintheworld,famine,war,povertyetc.Inthemodernworld,whydontwejustsolvethem?,LanguageinUse,5resistanceThiswordcanrefertotherefusaltoacceptsomethingnew,theabilitynottobeharmedbysomething,oroppositiontosomeoneorsomething.(a)Ifthereisresistancetoanidea,dopeopleacceptit?No,noteasily.Theyrefusetoaccepttheideamaybebecauseitsjustabadidea,ortheymaychangetheirmindiftheyunderstanditbetter.,LanguageinUse,(b)Ifthesoldiersmetwithresistance,whathappened?Thesoldiersmetoppositionfromthosetheywerefightingagainst.(c)Isthereawaytobuildupyourresistancetocold?Yes,wecankeepourselvesashealthyaspossiblewithagooddietandgettingenoughexercisesothatwearelesslikelytocatchacold,orifwedogetone,wewontsuffersobadly.,LanguageinUse,6TranslatetheparagraphsintoChinese.1Weallsensedwewerecomingtotheendofourstayhere,thatwewouldnevergetachancelikethisagain,andwebecamedeterminednottowasteit.MostimportantofcoursewerethefinalexamsinAprilandMayinthefollowingyear.Noonewantedthehumiliationoffinishinglastinclass,sothepeergrouppressuretoworkhardwasstrong.Librarieswhichwereonceemptyafterfiveoclockintheafternoonwerestandingroomonlyuntiltheearlyhoursofthemorning,andguysworethebagsundertheireyesandtheirpale,sleepyfaceswithpride,likemedalsprovingtheirdiligence.,LanguageinUse,(andguysworethebagsundertheireyesandtheirpale,sleepyfaceswithpride这句的动词wear后面带两个宾语，中文找不到能带这两个宾语的动词，故处理成四个中文短句；翻译likemedalsprovingtheirdiligence时，采用“增词法”增加“这些”来概括前面所描写的“眼袋”，“脸色苍白”，“睡眼惺忪”等，使译文含义更加清晰流畅。)我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。,LanguageinUse,2Tomorrow?Itsallalie;thereisntatomorrow.Theresonlyapromissorynotethatweareoftennotinapositiontocash.Itdoesntevenexist.Whenyouwakeupinthemorningitllbetodayagainandallthesameruleswillapply.Tomorrowisjustanotherversionofnow,anemptyfieldthatwillremainsounlesswestartplantingsomeseeds.Yourtime,whichistickingawayaswespeak(atabout60secondsaminutechronologically;abitfasterifyoudontinvestyourtimewisely),willbegoneandyoullhavenothingtoshowforitbutregretandarear-viewmirrorfullof“couldhaves”,“shouldhaves”and“wouldhaves”.,LanguageinUse,(本段的难点在于对一些词的理解与翻译，如anemptyfieldthatwillremainso,chronologically,investyourtimewisely,havenothingtoshowforitbut等等。“couldhaves”,“shouldhaves”,“wouldhaves”是表达与事实相反的条件句，指自己没有做，但有可能或应该做的事情。)明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下嘀嗒嘀塔地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，