中考复习第一章 名词.ppt

第一章名词,一、中考考查重点二、考查重点讲解,可数名词与不可数名词名词的单数与复数名词所有格单位词名词作定语,e.gadropofwater,即可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：,不可数名词可数名词,paper纸apaperglass玻璃aglassiron铁aironroom空间aroomchicken鸡肉achickenbeauty美abeauty,一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人,1.cap-capstask-tasksstar-starstree-treesstomach-stomachshouse-housesexercise-exercises,2.bus-busesbox-boxeswatch-watchesdish-dishes,3.shelf-shelveslifelivesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswifewiveshalf-halves,4.storystoriesbabybabiescountrycountriespartyparties/daydaysboy-boystoy-toys,5.potato-potatoeshero-heroestomatotomatoesradioradiospianopianoszoo-zoos,可数名词的复数形式,规则变化,不规则变化,特殊变化：,单复同形,manmengentlemangentlemenpolicemanpolicemenwomanwomenfootfeettoothteethgoosegeesemousemicechildchildren,sheepsheepfishfishdeerdeeraircraftaircraftChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese,3.表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况,aJapanesefiveJapanese(e.gChinese),aFrenchmantwoFrenchmen(e.gEnglishmanEnglishwomanDutchman),aGermanfiveGermans(e.gRussianAmericanIndianItalianKorean),4.常以复数形式出现的名词,trouserscompassesglassesshortsbelongingspoliticssocksphysicsarmsgoodsnewsclotheswoodsthanksfireworks,5.复合名词的复数形式,a.将主体名词变为复数,e.glooker-onlookers-onfather-in-lawfathers-in-lawaboystudentboystudentsaflowershopflowershopsadiningroomdiningrooms,b.当名词的第一个构成部分为man或woman时，将2个构成部分均变为复数,e.gawomanteachertwowomenteachersamannursetwomennurses,名词的所有格,1.最基本的：,Mikesbagtheboysknife,为2人共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-s;若不是2人共同所有，则在2个名词后都加-s,e.g珍妮和海伦的房间珍妮的房间和海伦的房间,JennyandHelensroom,JennysandHelensroom,3.无生命的东西一般用“of+名词”的形式表示其所有格,e.gthedooroftheroomthewallofthepark,4.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加-s构成所有格,e.g2小时路程北京最好的公园今日报纸车站休息室,twohourswalk,Beijingsbestpark,todaysnewspaper,thestationswaiting-room,myteachersofficestudentsexercisebooksChildrensPalacetodaysnewspaper15minuteswalk=a15-minutewalkatthebutchers=atthebutchersshoptoToms=toTomshouse,1我老师的办公室2学生们的练习本3少年宫4今天的报纸5十五分钟的路程6在肉店7到汤姆家去,名词的所有格Practice,8广东的省会9教室的门10我父亲的一个朋友11他的两个兄弟12爱迪生的一些发明13他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)14他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人士他弟弟),thecapitalofGuangdong,thedoorsoftheclassroom,afriendofmyfather(s),twobrothersofhis,someinventionsofEdisons,apictureofhisbrothers,apictureofhisbrother,名词做定语,e.gacoffeecupawomandriversummerholidayamilkbottleatoothbrush,注意：两周的假一个10岁的男孩,atwo-weekvacation,aten-year-oldboy,睡2个小时的觉做半小时车的路,twohourssleep,halfanhoursdrive,主谓一致,当class,family,team,group,public等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.gTheclassarewaitingforher.Tomsfamily_ratherbig.Tomsfamily_arefilmfans.,is,are,2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths_noteasyforhim.,is,3.像goods,compasses,chopsticks,shoes,glasses,savings,trousers,belongs等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。,e.gTheshoesarehers.Thesavings_foryourfutureuse.,are,但是:Apairofglasses_onthetable.Twopairsofglasses_onthetable.,is,are,4.police,people(人们),youth(青年们)只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。,e.gThepolicearegatheringinthestreet.TheChinesepeople_peace.,love,但是:people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分,e.gHeisayouthof20.ManyEnglish-speakingpeoples_thisbook.,like,5.像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定,e.gAdeerisoverthereinthefield.Agroupofdeer_overthereinthefield.,are,6.Thepoetandmusician_presentattheparty.Thesingeranddancer_justarrived.Thebreadandthebutter_ready.Breadandbutter_herusualbreakfast.涂了黄油的面包,was,has,are,is,8.Bothand的谓语动词用复数形式。,e.g.Bothheandhisfather_there.,were,7.采取就近一致原则的句型结构：,Therebee.g.There_abookandtwoapplesonthedesk.notonlybutalsoe.gNotonlyyoubutalsohe_right.eitherore.gEitherheorI_wrong.neithernore.gNeithershenorI_right.,is,is,am,am,表示时间、距离、金额、度量、书名、国名等的复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。e.gEighthoursofsleep_enoughforyou.Tendollars_toomuchtopay.,is,is,10.each+单数名词+and+each+单数名词every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词no+单数名词+and+no+单数名词,eachof+复数名词oneof+复数名词,manya+单数名词,every/each+单数名词+and+单数名词,等结构做主语时，动词用单数。,e.g.Eachboyandeachgirl_seenthefilm.Noteacherandnostudent_comeyet.Everyknife,fork,andspoon_tobebought.Eachofthestudents_adictionary.,has,has,has,has,e.gTheoldmanwithhistwosons_leftforAmerica.MissWangaswellashisfriends_waitingthere.,has,is,11.注:由aswellas,togetherwith,with,besides,but,except等词连接两个名词做主语时，动词的单复数根据aswellas等词前面的名