东方SAT填空义资料.doc

2009年SAT填空讲义SAT sentence completion1、概要 课程安排课程分为4部分 考试基本要求 解题方法原则 题目分类讲解 备考注意事项 1-1考试基本要求 Having a broad vocabulary always comes in handy, especially when youre doing parts of the SAT such as the sentence completion questions. Having the ability to understanding the logic of complex sentences is also helpful in this section of the SAT. In addition, several approaches can help you work through even the toughest questions. 简化为 Having a broad vocabulary always comes in handy, . Having the ability to understanding the logic of complex sentences is also helpful . In addition, several approaches can help . 简化为 vocabulary logic approach Type of Questions vocabulary-in-context logic-based Type of Questions vocabulary-in-context How the words are used in the context of the sentence The definitions of the words involved logic-based The meaning of the words How the words are used in context Understand the logic of a rather complicated sentence Type of Questions vocabulary-in-context How the words are used in the context of the sentence The definitions of the words involved logic-based The meaning of the words How the words are used in context Understand the logic of a rather complicated sentence 考试基本要求 官方要求: 词汇 逻辑 速度 考试能力是：有效得分能力 1-2 SAT填空的特点 什么是SAT填空？ 它和我们以往的填空有什么不同？ 中华人民共和国首都是：_ 围城的作者是：_ 1.Brachiopods, clamlike bivalves of prehistoric times, were one of the most - forms of life on the Earth: more than 30,000 species have been - from fossil records. (A) plentiful .subtracted (B) ornate .retrieved (C) multifarious .catalogued (D) scarce .extracted (E) anachronistic .extrapolated (OG P524. 4) SAT填空和其它填空比较其它填空SAT填空考试目的知识逻辑备考方式记忆分析题干信息限制信息重复 SAT填空特点 一个有空格的完整句 完整：逻辑完整、句意完整 填空实质 已知信息未知信息 为什么采取这种形式？ general test公平原则 学术公平 背景公平 填空逻辑重复方式分类 同义重复（A = B） 反义重复（A B） 同义重复 标志类别标志词汇因果because, so, for, thus, therefore ,目的手段结果 in order to, for, to do,解释“：”,“；”,“-”, such as,指代such, this, that, which, these, those,并列/递进and, or, not only.but also, even 特殊动词continue, remain, require, represent, 反义重复 标志类别标志词汇转折关系although, though, but, despite对比关系a) 直接对比rather than, instead of .b) 特殊对比paradox, irony, surprise, shockc) 变化 turn into, change 时间对比recent, previous, later, earlierp *1 两类key wordsp KW1逻辑关系词汇p because, in that, for, and, not only but also, but, p KW2核心评价词汇p mixture, heterogeneity, *2 简化处理几类词汇 学科专业术语 人名、地名、书名 取首字母，知道为何物即可 Some scientists speculate that a smallpterosaur of theJurassic periodknown asSordes pilosushad - wings that were thin, pliable, and somewhat transparent. (A) callous (B) arable (C) inflexible (D) membranous (E) viscous (OG P401. 3)1-3 SAT填空解题的一般步骤 1 抓主干（句子宏观结构） 2 找重复（空格逻辑层面的对应） 3 推断空格（逻辑操作：取同取反） 4 确认选项（排除干扰项） 5 句子理解（检查） Notes:抓主干不等于划句子成分l A judicious biography must be - representation that depicts both the strengths and the weaknesses of the subject, avoiding the two extremes of - and indictment. l A a polarized vindication l B an imaginative discernment l C a holistic censure l D a complimentary animosity l E an equitable eulogy2、分类题目讲解2-1因果 标志词(key words 1) 因为：because, in that, sothat, result from, since, drive from, given, due to, for the reason that, spring from, for Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harsh winter would have had - consequences for them. (A) preventive (B) regressive (C) catastrophic (D) unforeseen (E) moderate Johnsons writing is considered - and - because it is filled with obscure references and baffling digressions. (A) deceiving .ingenuous (B) arcane .abstruse (C) spare .didactic (D) lucid .definitive (E) concise .esoteric 模糊 abstruse ambiguous arcane daze dense dim dusky enigmatic equivocal esoteric impenetrable inscrutable murky mysterious nubilous obfuscate obscure opacity opaque puzzling sibylline slur tenebrous turbid unfathomable unintelligible vague 清晰 clarity enunciate explicit limpid lucent lucid luculent luminous manifest patent pellucid straitghforwardly transparent transpicuous unburid unequivocal well-defined Because the congresswoman has been so openhanded with many of her constituents, it is difficult to reconcile this - with her private -. (A) selfishness .inattention (B) insolence .virtue (C) magnanimity .pettiness (D) opportunism .ambition (E) solicitousness .generosity His peers respected him because he was both - and -：steadfast in his beliefs and tactful in his negotiations. (A) resourceful .courteous (B) tenacious .manipulative (C) determined .demonstrative (D) resolute .diplomatic (E) outspoken .indiscriminate犹豫 vs 果断 果断 volition tenacity resolve settle decide tenacious steadfast stubborn persisting obstinate 犹豫 vacillation dither hesitate falter stagger waver capricious shift vacillate Cathedrals usually take decades , even centuries, to complete; thus no one expected the National Cathedral to be built with -. (A) dispatch (B) presumption (C) durability (D) deliberation (E) reverence Although Eduora Welty and William Faulkner wrote in distinctively different styles, - between the two is - because they both lived in and wrote about Mississippi. (A) comparison .inevitable (B) cooperation .destructive (C) discord .legendary (D) similarity .unlikely (E) rivalry .redundantly Rodolfo Gonzales was once describes as - in body and mind because of the flexibility and grace apparent in both his boxing and his writing of poetry and plays. (A) unyielding (B) tremulous (C) emphatic (D) lithe (E) fickle 因为爱 所以爱 因为喜欢 所以喜欢2-2目的、手段和结果 目的：行为预期效果 结果：行为现实影响听力2个月考试目标结果听写 1528分以上25分泛听 1528分18分睡眠听力 1528分10分 To reflect the - of that nations spoken languages, its writers often make us of a mixture of dialects. (A) articulation (B) intonation (C) spontaneity (D) profundity (E) heterogeneity heterogeneity The quality or state of being heterogeneous. heterogeneous: consisting of dissimilar or diverse ingredients or constituents : MIXED Merriam - Webster To avoid being -, composer Stephen Sondheim strives for an element of surprise in his songs. A erratic B informal C elaborate D predictable E idiosyncratic By portraying a wide spectrum of characters in his one-man show, John Leguizamo provides a - to the theaters tendency to offer a limited range of roles to Latino actors. (A) corrective (B) tribute (C) corollary (D) stimulus (E) precursor In order to - the loss of natural wetlands used by migrating snow geese, conservationists in the 1960s and 1970s - wetland refuges in the northern prairies. (A) standardize .ignored (B) offset .surrendered (C) explain .dismantled (D) compensate for .established (E) account for .administered Conservationists 7kEnsE5veiFEnist n.(天然资源的)保护管理论者3 人物及相关 人与其观点（言论）、作品、动作、心理、职业、爱好 opinion / work / action / mind / profession / love人物与相关举例 医生：治疗 教师：教书 官员：4 特征主体及其行为特殊修饰语或者本身有特殊倾向u conservationist u cynicu detractoru u adversary 5AdvEsErin.反对者, 对手, 仇敌u advocate 5AdvEkitn.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹u artisan B:tI5zAn; (?) B:rtIznn.工匠, 技工u ascetic E5setikn.禁欲者, 苦行修道者adj.修道的, 苦行的u charlatan 5FB:lEtEnn.骗子; 假内行；庸医u hedonist n.快乐主义者, 享乐主义者u orator 5CrEtEn.演说者, 演讲者, 雄辩家, 律原告, 请愿人u pariah 5pArIEn.贱民(印度的最下阶级)，流浪者，无赖汉u raconteur rAkCn5tE:n.健谈者, 善谈者u skeptic 5skeptikn.怀疑论者, 无神论者, 怀疑宗教的人u virtuoso vE:tju5EuzEu, -sEun.艺术品鉴赏家u partisan pB:tI5zAnn. 强硬支持者，党羽u recluse ri5klu:sadj.隐遁的, 寂寞的n.隐遁者, 寂寞者u hermit 5hE:mitn.隐士, 隐居者 总结： 手段实现目标 方法决定结果 几滴汗水，几分收成 勤能补拙是良训，一分辛劳一分才2-3并列递进并列 A=B递进 AB Castillos poetry has generated only enthusiastic response: praise from the general public and - from the major critics. (A) condemnation (B) sarcasm (C) plaudits (D) irony (E) pathos The residents of the town lived - lives; no one indulged in wild or - behavior. (A) rambunctious .indecent (B) extravagant .excessive (C) secluded .scrupulous (D) circumscribed .impulsive (E) irreverent .animated The editorial claimed that the gubernatorial candidate lacked worldly wisdom and that this - would likely be his undoing. (A) naivete (B) furtiveness (C) venality (D) indecisiveness (E) sarcasm A scientist should not automatically reject folkways that might at first seem silly or superstitious; scientific qualifications are not a license for -, nor do they - prejudice or bias. (A) experimentation .eliminate (B) arrogance .pursue (C) humility .advocate (D) smugness .legitimate (E) rigidity .console Some interactive computer games are so elaborately contrived and require such - strategies that only the most - player can mater them. (A) byzantine .adroit (B) nefarious .conscientious (C) devious .lackadaisical (D) onerous .slipshod (E) predictable .compulsive The existence of environmental contamination is no longer a point of -; government, industry, and the public agree that it is a serious problem. (A) concern (B) cooperation (C) urgency (D) relevance (E) dispute递进 Not only was the science of Hildegard of Bingen - her theology, but her religious visions helped give her scientific works - by winning her the support of medieval church authorities. (A) inseparable from .legitimacy (B) unconcerned with .prestige (C) derived from .profundity (D) related to .accuracy (E) diminished by .detachment 2-4 特殊词汇 动词：present, bespeak, require, suggest, represent, be based on, continue, remain 名词：on the basis of,example 副词：predictably 连词：so that 同等比较、类比：the same as, like, as Just as glass window offer building both light and insulation, certain atmospheric gases - incoming sunlight and - heat radiated from the ground, preventing warmth from escaping. (A) conduct .release (B) deflect .transmit (C) admit .contain (D) absorb .dispense (E) resist .trap Predictably, detail-oriented workers are - keeping track of the myriad particulars of a situation. (A) remiss in (B) adept at (C) humorous about (D) hesitant about (E) contemptuous of The doctor - so frequently on disease-prevention techniques that his colleagues accused of -. (A) vacillated .inconsistency (B) sermonized .fidelity (C) wavered .steadfastness (D) experimented .inflexibility (E) relied negligence The frequent name changes that the country has undergone - the political turbulence that has attended its recent history. (A) argue against (B) contrast with (C) testify to (D) jeopardize (E) sustain反对 condemn forbid disfavor proscribe disapprove deny dissent gainsay buck contravene oppose abnegate abrogate dispute refutation resist factious agree impugn rebuff battle counter fight vie converse antipode antithesis inverse adverse antonym conflict hostile antagonistic 赞成 countenance sanction corroboration concur concord assent to support bolster endorse uphold fortify accept aver verify acquiesce agree champion welcome reinforce strengthen applaud approve plunk embrace espouse defend maintain sustain bear up buttress prop stiffen 肯定 affirm reaffirm confirm justify verified posit aver corroborate prove approbation verification axiomatic substantiate attest certify guarantee vouch avouch declare depose protest predicate proclaim endorse applaud commend 否定/驳斥 negate gainsay abnegate argue against unsubstantiated deny less certain controvert refute condemnation refute dispute censure disprove counter oppose reject repudiate Anne mentioned Johns habitual boasting about his wardrobe as an example of his - ways. (A) erratic (B) egotistical (C) flexible (D) tactful (E) inconspicuous Considering that many women had little control over their own lives in medieval England, Margery Kempes fifteenth-century autobiography demonstrates a remarkable degree of -. (A) consecration (B) rationalism (C) autonomy (D) effacement (E) simplicity Nicknamed the “contacted lens”, the device installed on the Hubble telescope successfully - its flawed vision, the result of a faulty mirror. (A) corrected (B) displayed (C) generated (D) scrutinized (E) accentuated Opponents of the research institute label it - anachronism; its scholars , they allege, have - rivaling those of pre-Revolutionary French nobility. (A) an elitist .perquisites (B) a monarchical .tribulations (C) an irreproachable .luxuries (D) a reprehensible .afflictions (E) a commendable .privileges 2-5 转折（二）、反义重复 转折： 标志： but, however, although, though, even if, even though, despite, in spite of, yet, while, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding等 O Leary tolerates worms and snakes but is - about insects: he has an exaggerated fear of them. (A) agnostic (B) eclectic (C) empiric (D) phobic (E) quixotic Tame koala bears handled by tourists are -, but wild koala are hard to control typically required two people to hold them. (A) mischievous (B) gluttonous (C) supple (D) adroit (E) docile The medicine dose have salutary effect by - pain, even if recent studies prove that it cannot eliminate such discomfort entirely. (A) alleviating (B) distracting (C) revitalizing (D) eradicating (E) augmenting同一事物不能做绝对转折 造成自相矛盾 举例 哈佛大学 The scientific organization - the newspaper for prominently covering the predictions of a psychic while - to report on a major research conference. (A) celebrated .failing (B) promoted .refusing (C) denounced .neglecting (D) spurned .hastening (E) honored .opting Critics say that the autobiographical work Brothers and Keepers by John Edgar Wideman is surprising in that it celebrates and yet - his own role in the life of his brother. (A) censures (B) exacerbates (C) explores (D) duplicates (E) delineates Although it stayed in business for several months the company was actually - and met its financial obligations only by engaging in - activities. (A) insolvent .fraudulent (B) prudent .speculative (C) autonomous .subordinate (D) bankrupt .charitable (E) sable .manipulative The staff complained that management was -, focusing on short-term profits while disregarding the long-term welfare of the corporation. (A) irresolute (B) officious (C) rancorous (D) punctilious (E) myopic Though outwardly -, the speaker was actually quite disturbed by the tumultuous crowd. (A) apprehensive (B) agitated (C) furious (D) serene (E) considerate “Foamy” viruses cause cells cultured in laboratories to swell but produced no such - in cells of living organisms. (A) compression (B) disintegration (C) distension (D) deflation (E) dehydration Hayley Mills s films have been called -, although most of them are not so sentimental as to deserve the description. (A) treacly (B) cursory (C) prosaic (D) meticulous (E) consecrated treacly K.K.trikli adj.（形容词） Cloyingly sweet or sentimental. 甜腻：过于甜密或伤感的2-7 解释简述详述succinct statement explained in detail 标志词(key words) 标点：“：”，“；”，“-”， that is, like, such as, which, 从句 By the end of the long, arduously hike, Chris was walking with a - gait, limping slowing back to the campsite. (A) halting (B) robust (C) constant (D) prompt (E) facile 跛行：尤指不规则地一瘸一拐地走，犹如偏重用一条腿To move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily:蹒跚：迟凝不决或不稳定的行动或行走： The actor was noted for his - behavior: he quickly become irritated if his every whim was not immediately satisfied. (A) fastidious (B) sedulous (C) vindictive (D) petulant (E) mercenaryfastidious难取悦的, 挑剔的, 苛求的, (微生物等)需要复杂营养地petulant性急的, 易怒的, 脾气坏的脾气不好的 vs 和谐的 cantankerous choleric crabbed cranky curmudgeon fractious hot-tempered huffy intemperate irascible ireful irritable passionate peevish petulant querulous ra