2018年中考英语知识点总复习 冠词.ppt

冠词,不定冠词（a、an泛指）,定冠词(the特指),零冠词,Itookapearandanapplefromtheplate.,辨析,不定冠词a/an的区别a用在以辅音因素开头的单词前；an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。auniversityinAsiaju元音音标还是辅音音标呢？aone-windowhallwanunfinishedtask26个字母anhonestboyThereis_“i”intheword“university”,一、不定冠词的用法1.当第一次提到某人或某物时，用a/an起介绍作用。eg:Thereisatreeinfrontofmyhouse.Igavehimabookyesterday.,2.指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人何物。泛指eg:Aboycametoseeyouamomentago.Heworksinahospital.,3.用于单数可数名词前，泛指某一类人或事物。定义eg:Adoctorisapersonwhosavespeopleslives.Ahorseisausefulanimal.Abirdcanfly.,4.表示数量，有“一”的意思。eg:Apandahasamouth,anose，twoeyes.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.,5.不定冠词用在事物的单位前,如时间,速度,价格等意义的名词之前,表示每一eg:Heoftengoestoschoolsixtimesaweek.sixkilometersanhourtwoclassesaweektwiceamonth,6.序数词强调顺序时一般用the。但有时用“a(n)+序数词”结构表示在原来的基础上增加，意思为“又，还，再”eg:Canyougiveathirdapple？Canyougiveathirdchance?,Thecakesaredelicious.Hedliketohave_thirdonebecause_secondoneisrathertoosmall.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a,7.使物质或抽象名词具体化，表示一次，一种，一场等。eg:Itsapleasuretotalktoyou.aheavysnowastrongwindmakeafirehaveagoodtimesnow,PS:表自然现象的名词前要用the;但其前有形容词修饰时，则常用a(an)eg:Thewindisrising.Itsafairwind.风刮起来了，是顺风。联想记忆：awestwind;awarmgentlewind温暖的微风intherain,inaheavy(light,fine)rain在大（小，细）雨中,7.用在固定词组当中。abit一点afewalot(of)alittlehaveacoldinahurryonceuponatimemakeafaceafterawhileinaword总的来说anumberofapairof“have/take+a+抽象名词”与该名词的动词同意haveaswimhaveawalkhavealookhaveatalk,补充：1.只能修饰不可数名词Uagreatdealofalargeamountof,abitof一点agreat/largeamountof2.只能修饰可数名词C复数：agood/greatmanya(great/large)numberof,numbersof单数：manya许多3.既能修饰可数名词复数又能修饰不可数名词alotof,lotsof,plentyof，agreat/largequantityof，quantitiesof，agreatmassof,massesof,Exercise：元音发音开头字母a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,xaan1Thereis_an_“m”intheword“mother”.2.Thisis_an_emptybottle.Couldyougiveme_a_fullone?3.-Didyouseethefootballmatchlastnight?-Yes,Iveneverseensuch_an_excitingmatchbefore.suchanexcitingmatchsoexcitingamatchsuch名词so形容词,Exercise：1.Englishisusefullanguage.Weshouldlearnitwell.A.aB.anC.theD./2.Areyou_ChineseorAmerican?Chinese.ButIwasbroughtupinNewYork.A.anB./C.theD.one,Exercise：3.Ifound_goodnewsin_newspaper.A.a,aB.apieceof,apieceofC.a,apieceofD.apieceof,a4.Its_pitythatyouarewrongagain.A./B.aC.anD.the,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,定冠词（the）特指1.用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物.eg:ThisisthehousewhereLuxunoncelived.限制性定语从句,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,2.用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物.eg:Pleaseclosethedoor.Takethemedicine.,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,3.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the.eg:Itookapearandanapplefromtheplate,andtheappletastednice.,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,Exercise:1、Wouldyoupleasepassme_sugaronthetable?aB.theC.anD./,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,Exercise:2、LastSunday,myparentstookmetothezoo.InthezooIsawelephant.elephantwasfromAfrica.an;theB.the;anC.an;/D.a;a,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,4.the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物。eg：Thehorseisausefulanimal.Ahorseisausefulanimal.,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,5.用在形容词的比较级前。eg：Sheisthethinnerofthetwogirls.越.越比较级Themoreyoupractise,比较级theeasieritbecomes.,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,Itisbelievedthat_youwork,_resultyoullget.theharder;thebetterthemorehard;themostbettertheharder;abettermorehard;morebetter,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,6.用在序数词和形容词最高级前.eg：Julyistheseventhmonthoftheyear.Youretheyoungestintheclass.三者或三者以上,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,7.指世界上独一无二的事物.eg：thesuntheearththeskytheworld,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,8.用在普通名词构成的专有名词前.eg：theWestLaketheGreatWalltheUnitedStatestheUnitedNations1.人名2.地名或地理名称3.星期月份节日4.团体机构学校医院公共建筑5,江河湖泊海洋森林theGreatWallBeijingtheEastStreetHospital,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,Exercise:3、sunisshiningbrightly.A.aB.theC.anD./4、GreatWallisfamousinworld.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,9.用在某些形容词前，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物。eg：therich富人thepoor穷人thesick病人theblind盲人thegood好人,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,10.用在姓氏复数前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。eg：TheGreensarehavingdinnerathome.TheBakerscometoseethem.,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,11.用在西洋乐器前。eg：playthepianoplaytheviolinplay_the_fluteplayErhuPlayPipaPlayGuzheng,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,12.在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、沙漠等专有名词前加the。thePacificOcean太平洋theHuangheRiver黄河theYangtzeRiver长江扬子江theHimalayas喜马拉雅山脉theSaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,PS:海岛山峰湖泊等名称前一般不用the.Taiwanisland台湾岛MountJolmoLungma珠穆朗玛峰LakeMichigan密歇根湖,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,13.定冠词加在表示单位的名词前，意为“每，按”的意思Irentedthehousebythemonth.Pencilsaresoldbythedozen.铅笔按打来卖的。,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,Asarule,theworkersarepaid_.bythehourB.byhourC.byanhourD.byhoursPS:在byweight（按重量）中不用the,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,14.固定搭配当中的定冠词。inthemorning/afternoon/eveningintheendatthesametimealltheyearround全年intheeast/south/west/northinthefrontof在前面inthefuture在未来atthebackof在后面playthefool做傻事onthespot在现场当场outofthequestion不可能outofquestion没问题,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,巧学妙记特指、重提和唯一，沙漠、江河与群山海洋、党派、最高级，群岛、海峡和海湾方位、顺序和西乐，年代、团体与机关组织、船名和建筑，会议、条约与报纸姓氏复数、国全名，望请记住用定冠,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,Exercise:5、Greensareonavisittoabeautifulcityin_China.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.The;/6、Shelearnedtoplayguitarallbyherself.A.aB.theC.anD./,零冠词,某些专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词等表示泛指时前面用零冠词。名词专有名词5种和普通名词（个体，集体，物质，抽象）eg:Moneyisnoteverything.Sugarisnotgoodforchildren.Howtimeflies！Wisdomisbetterthanstrength.Canyoupass_the_sugartome?特指,2.不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词。eg:Mancantlivewithoutair.Wateriscolorless.Horsesareusefulanimals.Ahorseisausefulanimal.Thehorseisausefulanimal.,3.当名词前已有不定代词或者指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格等修饰时，不必加冠词。eg:Thisarticleyouhavewrittenisverywonderful.EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.不定代词：each指示代词：thisthatthesethose物主代词：myyourherhis名词所有格：Rachels,4.在节日、假日、星期、月份、季节等名词前不用加冠词。eg:onMondayonJanuaryInAutumnonNationalDayPS:中国有的传统节日前常加thetheSpringFestival春节theLanternFestival元宵节theMid-AutumnFestival中秋节,节日：1月1日新年NewYearsDay2月14日情人节St.ValentinesDay3月8日妇女节WomensDay4月1日愚人节AprilFoolsDay5月1日劳动节LaborDay5月的第二个周日母亲节MothersDay6月1日儿童节ChildrensDay6月的第三个周日父亲节FathersDay9月10日教师节TeachersDay10月1日国庆节NationalDay1O月31日万圣节Halloween12月25日圣诞节ChristmasDay农历正月初一春节SpringFestivalChineseNewYear农历正月十五元宵节LanternFestival农历五月初五端午节DragonBoatFestival农历八月十五中秋节Mid-AutumnDay农历大年三十除夕NewYearsEve,5.在一日三餐、体育类等名词前不加冠词。breakfastlunchsupperdinnereg:Icookedsomenoodlesforsupper.Theoldareplayingchessunderthetree.Helikesplayingbasketballandfootball.西洋乐器the东方乐器playErhu,6.在表示职务、头衔、称呼