2018届英语语法填空ppt课件.ppt

2018届语法填空,1,考纲解读,一篇200字左右的短文能力考查：理解语篇、句子结构、运用语法、单词短语,空格类型,(1)纯空格题,(2)用括号中所给词填空,共10空,2,Howtofillintheblanks?,一读二填三检查,快速浏览全文，理解大意分析并判断具体形式语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理,3,纯空格题解题技巧,4,若空格后是名词，且它没有限定词（冠词/形容词性物主代词/不定代词）修饰，很可能填_,冠词,Skill1:,可数名词是禁止裸奔的。所谓不能裸奔就是不能既没有冠词，也不能没有复数形式。不可数名词才有资格裸奔。所以，空格后面如果是裸奔的可数名词，那么通常是填冠词的。Imethimin_shopwhichsellsfruit.Waterischangedintosteambyheatandintoicebycold.,a,5,另外，裸奔的可数名词如果在上文出现过，这时候填定冠词the（再次提到，表示特指）。Imetaboyonthestreet._boyiswaitingforataxi.,The,谈话双方都知道的人或事物、世上独一无二的东西、序数词、形容词最高级以及形容词only,very,same前用定冠词theJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Theredsunlightsuptheskyandtheearth.,6,【小结】：冠词的语法填空归根结底就是要看出裸奔的名词到底是特指(填the)还是泛指(填a)。,【即时练习】1.MyfriendVernonDavieskeptbirdsHeaskedmetofeed_birdsforhim.2.Hequicklypickedup_telephoneonhisdesk.3.PeoplekeepdogstoprotectthemselvesForachild,_dogishisbestfriend.4.Whenthereiscaraccident,policeofficerswillfindoutifanyofthedriversisusingacellphone.5.Tom,8-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshopandsatatatable,the,the,a,an,a,7,句子不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，通常填_,介词,介词的考查：多数情况下出现在固定搭配中,1.Ithinkitsagoodidea_youtocomebacktoChina.2.Thoughsheisagirl,sheisinterested_football.,for,in,Itbeadj./nforsbtodosth,beinterestedin,Skill2:,8,但：1.Hewasverytired_doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.2.July1,1997sawthereturnofHongKongtoChina.ThedayourChinesepeoplehadlookedforwardto_(come)atlast.所以有时要谨防陷阱！,after/from,came,9,两个或几个并列结构的单词/短语之间没有连词，考虑填_,并列连词,Skill3:,Iamveryexcited_inspiredbythegoodnewsthatyouhavebeenadmittedintoHarvardUniversity.,and,10,若两个句子（一个主谓结构算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，填_或_,1.Heworkedhard,_hesucceededfinally.2.Thebuilding_standsneartheriverisourschool.,并列连词,从属连词,that/which,（连接主句和定语从句/名词性从句/状语从句）,and/so,Skill4:,11,Skill5:,由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词,1.由强调句型(Itis/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他部分)，判断填it还是that。_wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldnteatMSG(味精)!解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填It。,12,2.由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had等，还是填do,does,did等。,_withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.解析：由canyouexpectto可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only+状语(withhardwork)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。,13,3.so/suchthat句型。如：Thismadethegoatsojealous_itbeganplottingagainst(谋划对付)thedonkey.解析：由句式结构知这是sothat句型，应填that,14,4.morethan与其说不如说;比更Lilysstoryshowsthatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares_howmuchhepays.解析：由句式结构可知，这是morethan句型，故填than。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。,15,有提示词解题技巧,16,一、提供动词,17,若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致。1.Mr.Smith_(give)hiswifetwentypoundsforherbirthday.2.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,_(buy)somebananasandvisitedhercousin.解析：and是并列连词。此处went,bought和visited为并列谓语，时态也一致。,Skill1:,首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。,gave,bought,18,若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。,doing,done,todo,Skill2:,表主动/正在进行/持续,表被动/完成,表将来或目的,19,具体的方法主要有：作主语或宾语，通常用-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。1.Itisnotenoughonly_(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.,解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填tomemorize。,2._(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwontmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary,解析：句中已有谓语wontmake，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。,20,作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。1._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.,解析：因句中已有谓语willhavetowork，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填Tocomplete。,2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_(succeed).,解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填tosucceed。另，belikelytodosth为固定结构。,21,作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。1.Hesawthestone,_(say)tohimself,“Thenightwillbeverydark.”,解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。,2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,_(follow)bytheforeignguests.,解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系，故用followed作伴随状语。,22,特别提醒：有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：Janeknewfrompastexperiencethather_(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.,解析：所给词choose虽然是动词，但在从句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。,23,考查谓语动词与非谓语动词1.Hespititout,_(say)itwasawful.2.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman_(sit)atthefront.3.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_(wear)sunglasses.4.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.,saying,sitting,wearing,【练一练】,wastold,24,5.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.6.Theproverb,“pluckingupacrop_(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.7.Hewalkedinasifhe_(buy)theschool.8.Suddenly,he_(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.,broke,tohelp,hadbought,found,25,9.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.10.Thesituationwassoseverethattherewasnotime_(debate)whoistoblame.11.Withtheproblem_(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.12.Withalotofhomework_(do),Icantgoshoppingwithmyfriends.,solved,pushed,todebate,todo,26,二、词类转换,27,这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所充当的句子成分来确定用哪种形式，具体技巧如下：,28,形容词性物主代词之后；冠词之后，介词之前；充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等；通常填_,名词,1.Withthe_(arrive)ofspring,theDorritystookthechildrenforanouting.,arrival,2.Ifindthat_(creative)canactasawaytoincrease_(participate)andimprove_(fluent).,creativity,participation,fluency,Skill1:,29,易错的动词变名词的不规则变形,另外，应对名词考查时，还要注意可数名词单复数的变化,explanation,description,pronunciation,assumption,complaint,30,作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用_。Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents_(interest)inthesubject.,形容词,interested,宾补,Skill2:,31,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语，用_。,_(fortune),theguestescapedunharmed.,副词,Fortunately,Skill3:,32,有的词类转换题，词性不一定要变，主要是考查与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-/im-/in-/mis-等，在词根后加-less等。1.Yourmistakecausedalotof_(necessary)workintheoffice.,unnecessary,2.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto_(understand)them.,misunderstand,Skill4:,33,括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其_。,The_(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.,比较级或最高级,harder,Skill5:,34,1.Hemustbe_(mental)disabled.2.OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicalfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment_(late)thatday.3.Maryfelt_(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.4.“Thatwouldbeavery_(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.5.Her_(curious)gotthebestforher.,mentally,later,【练一练】,pleased,reasonable,curiosity,35,6.Itwas_(polite)ofyoutoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.7.Asaresult,manychildrenarebecomingless_(depend),determinedandambitiousthaninthepast.8.Themerchantsfirstwifeisaveryloyalpartnerandhasmadegreat_(contribute)inmaintaininghiswealth.9.Thereare_(comfort)feelings,oftenasmanykindofphysicalpain.10.Problemsaretheserioustestthattellssuccessfrom_(fail).,impolite,independent,contributions,uncomfortable,failure,36,11._(luck),Ifailedintheexam.12.WhenChinasancientscientificandtechnological_(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.13.Atlast,hercourageand_(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.14.TheotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecouldHejumpedeven_(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.15.Hedevotedhissparetimetofindingsheltersforthe_(home).,Unluckily,wisdom,achievements,harder,homeless,37,有关代词的解题技巧,38,Skill1:人称代词,语法填空对代词的考查重点考查人称代词，考查时可能给出代词的主格形式（如I），要求考生填其宾格（如me）、形容词性物主代词（如my）、名词性物主代词（如mine）或反身代词（如myself）等形式1.Thecustomerfeelsthatthesaleswomanisinsympathywith_(he)andunderstands_(he)needs.2.Thisis_(I)book.3.Thebookis_(I).,him,his,my,mine,39,Skill2:it的用法,1.指代上文提到的动物、事物或事情；指代人，常指婴儿；或用以确定一人的身份，如打电话或敲门时，可用itThetrainhasarrived.Itarrivedhalfanhourago.Thebabynextdoorkeptmeawake.Itcriedallnight.2.指代天气、时间、距离、温度等，在简单句中作主语，填itItisabeautifulday.Itwastimetoquitsmoking.Itis10kilometerstothecastle.,40,3.由it作形式主语的句式判断，空格处是否填itIttakessbsometimetodosth做某事花了某人一些时间Itspossible/necessary/important/strange/naturaltodosth/that.做某事是的Itsapity/ashame/awondertodosth/that做某事是Itsworth/nouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingsth做某事是的Itssaid/announced/believed/reported/hopedthat据,41,Ittakesmeanhourtogettherebybus.Itisimportantforstudentstoattendallthelectures.Itisapitythathecantcome.Itisnousetalkingtohimaboutthematter.Itwasreportedthataheavysnowstormhitthatarealastweek.,42,4.由it作形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填itit作形式宾语，常用于以下句型：主语+谓语+it+adj./n.+todosth/that常用于此句型的动词有：make,think,feel,find,consider等Ifounditverydifficulttoadaptmyselftothingsallaroundhere.Idontthinkitpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.,43,综合练习,44,Exercise1,Ithappenedtwoyearsago.IwasgettingreadytogotoBeijing1._Ifelldownthestairsandhurtmyleg.Ithoughtnothing2._(bad)couldhappentome,soIdecidedtogoanyway.Imanagedtotalkmyfatherintogivingmearidetothestation,3._wasfivekilometersfromourhouse.Weplannedtosetoutveryearly4._(catch)the7a.m.trainbutthecarwouldntstart.Whenwefinallyleft,5._wasalready6:30.MyfatherisaveryslowdriversoIaskedhimtospeedup.Whenweweredoing120km/hapolicemanstoppedusandhandedout6._ratherheavyfinetomyfatherforspeeding.,when,worse,which,tocatch,it,a,45,Iwasverynervoustherewereonlyfifteenminutesleftandwewerenowherenearthestationyet.Muchtomyannoyance,thecar7._(sudden)startedtojerk(颠簸)anditsoonturnedout8._wehadrunoutofpetrol.Wehadtostopatthepetrolstationtofillupthetank.Wefinallygottothestationatthreeminutestoseven.Ikissedmyfathergoodbye,jumpedonthetrainandsettleddowninmyseat9._relief.Butassoonaswereachedthenextstation,IrealisedthatI10._(get)onthewrongtrain:IwastravelingtoWuhan,notBeijing!,suddenly,that,in,hadgot,46,Exercise2,ArchimedeswasafamousancientGreekinventorandmathematician.Heisbestknownfordiscovering“ArchimedessPrinciple”,1._scientificlawthatexplainswhysomeobjectsfloat.Therearevariousstoriesthattellhowhemadethis2._(discover).OnestorytellsofakingnamedHiero,3._suspectedthathisgoldsmithhadaddedsomesilvertoagoldcrownhehadordered.ThekingaskedArchimedes4._hisassistanceinfindingoutthetruth.FordaysArchimedeswasunabletoomeupwith5._ideas.Thenonedaywhilegettingintohisbathtub,henoticedwaterspillingoverthesides.,a,discovery,who,for,any,47,Suddenly,herealisedthatwhenanobject6._(place)inwater,itmovessomewaterfromunderneathit.Bytakingmeasurementsofanobjectsweightandtheamountofwateritmoved,Archimedescouldfindoutthe“density(密度)”oftheobject.Becauseofthis,hecouldconclude7._KingHieroscrownwasmadeentirelyofgoldornot.Archimedeswasso8._(excite)whenherealisedthisthathejumpedoutofhisbathtub9._(shout)“Eureka!”,theGreekwordfor“Ihavefoundit.”Today,peopleoftenshout“Eureka!”10._(say)theyhavefoundasolutiontoadifficultproblem.,isplaced,whether,excited,shouting,tosay,48,Exercise3,Thevolumeoftrafficinmanycitiesintheworldtodaycontinuestoexpand.Thiscausesmanyproblems,1._(include)seriousairpollution,longdelays,andagreatriskofaccidents.Clearly,somethingmustbedone,butitisoftendifficult2._(persuade)peopletochangetheirhabitsandleavetheircarsathome.Onepossibleapproachistomake3._moreexpensiveforpeopletousetheircarsbyincreasingparkingchargesandbringingintougherfinesforanyone4._breaksthelaw.Inaddition,driverscouldberequiredtopayforusingparticularroutesatdifferenttimesoftheday.,including,topersuade,it,who,49,Thissystem,knownas“roadpricing”,withaspecialelectroniccard5._(fix)tothewindscreenofthecar,hasalreadybeenintroducedinanumberofcities.Anotherwayofdealingwiththeproblemistoprovidecheapparkingontheoutskirtsofthecity,and6._(proper)controlthenumberofvehiclesallowedintothecentre.Driversandtheirpassengersthenuseaspecialbus7._(serve)forthefinalstageoftheirjourney.Ofcourse,the8._(important)thingofallistoprovidegoodpublictransport.However,togetpeopletogiveupth