psychiatry精神病学.ppt

12/6/2019015-12-1,Psychiatry,2019/12/6,Definition定义Psychiatryisthemedicalspecialtydevotedtothestudy,diagnosis,treatment,andpreventionofmentaldisorders.Theseincludevariousaffective,behavioural,cognitiveandperceptualabnormalities.神经病学：是以研究各种神经疾病的病因，发病机理，临床特点，疾病的发展规律，已及治疗和预防为目的的一门科学。它包括在情感，行为，认知和意志等精神活动出现异常。,2019/12/6,DevelopmentHistory历史沿革,中世纪,文艺复兴,古代文明,近代,slavesociety奴隶社会heroichistoricalviewpoint英雄史观Greece希腊Hippocrates,slavesociety封建社会thegodhistoryviewpoint神本史观religion宗教theology神学,slavesociety封建社会humanityhistoryviewpoint人本史观阿古勒斯韦尔应,capitalistsociety资本主义社会主观理性史观客观理性史观利益史观唯物史P.PinelGriesinger,capitalistsociety资本主义社会人类中心主义个人中心主义进步论多元价值观KraepelinFreudAdolfMeyer,现代,2019/12/6,SocialPsychiatry社会精神病学,CrossculturePsychiatry跨文化精神病学,ForensicPsychiatry司法精神病学,ClinicalPsychiatry临床精神病学,BiologicalPsychiatry生物精神病学,Branch分支,SpecialcrowdPsychiatry特殊人群精神病学（儿童老年妇女）,.,2019/12/6,sixmajorcentralneurotransmittersrelatedcloselytomentalactivities与精神活动密切相关的6大中枢神经递质：DA(dopamine)多巴胺NE(norepinephrine)去甲肾上腺素5-HT(5-hydroxytryptamine)5-羟色胺ACh(acetylcholine)乙酰胆碱GABA(y-aminobutiricacid)Y-氨基丁酸Glu(glutamicacid)谷氨酸,2019/12/6,Drugtreatmeant药物治疗,In1952,theinventionofchlorpromazinemarkedtheinitiativetotreatmentaldiseaseswithmedicine1952年氯丙嗪问世，开创精神疾病药物治疗的先河。,Antipsychotics抗精神病药,Typical,Atypical,haloperidol氟哌啶醇chlorpromazine氯丙嗪flupentixol氟哌噻吨trifluperazine三氟拉嗪,olanzapine奥氮平risperidone利培酮quetiapine奎硫平clozapine氯氮平,2019/12/6,Treatment,EEG(electroencephalogram)脑电图BEAM(brainelectricalactivitymapping)脑电位分布图BEP(brianevokedpotential)脑诱发电位CT(computertomography)脑部电子计算机断层扫描MRI(brainmagneticresonanceimaging)脑磁共振ECT(electricconvulsivetherapy)电抽搐治疗,2019/12/6,Domesticandabroadsituation国内外现状,诊断标准(diagnosticcriteria)：美国的DSM系统、WHO的ICD系统和我国的CCMD系统评定量表(ratingscale)治疗手段的进步（improvedtreatment)Antidepressant抗抑郁药Psychotherapy心理疗法ECT电抽搐治疗基因组学进步(developmentofgenomics)精神疾病的流行病学调查（epidemiologicalsurvey）精神病服务机构的变革（serviceschange）,TheprobleminChina中国存在的问题,心理卫生知识的大众知晓率低lowlevelofmentalhealthknowledgeamongcommonpeople精神卫生服务资源不足insufficientresources精神障碍识别率低lowrecognitionrate缺乏系统的会诊-联络精神病学工作lackofsystematicconsultation-liaisonpsychiatrywork,2019/12/6,Terminology专业术语,PsychiatristdisorderschizophreniaAlzheimersdiseaseInsomnia,精神病学家障碍精神分裂症阿兹海默症失眠症,ParanoiamaniatristimaniasomnambulismHysteria,妄想症狂躁症抑郁症梦游症癔症,TranslationPractice翻译练习,29patientswithmajordepressionwererecruitedinthestudy.Sleepcharacterweremeasuredin29MDpatientsbyPolysomnography(PSG)equipment,andthetherapeuticeffect(4weekshort-termeffect)wereevaluatedbyHAMD.,研究纳入重性抑郁症患者共例，对抑郁症患者进行睡眠脑电测试，并应用汉密尔顿抑郁（）量表评估抗抑郁治疗周的疗效（短期疗效）。,Polysomnography(PSG)多导睡眠仪HAMD汉密尔顿抑郁量表,TranslationPractice翻译练习,Itsuggeststhethedietarystructureofpatientswithdepressionandanxietystatusmaybenotreasonable,whichis