选修7第三单元的语法课件.ppt

Unit3UndertheSeaRevisionofThepassiveing-form,LearningaboutLanguage,V-ing形式由“doing”构成，其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。,(一)现在分词（ing-形式）的构成,(not)doing,(not)beingdone,(not)havingdone,(not)havingbeendone,(二)现在分词的用法现在分词可在句中作定语和状语。1.作定语现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:Thisisapressingquestion.这是一个紧迫的问题。Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:Therewerenosoldiersdrilling.现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.Themenworkinghereareallfromtheruralareas.,(1)表示时间Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.Walkingalongthestreet,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.SeeingTom,Icouldnthelpthinkingofhisbrother.,2.现在分词用作状语现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看,也可用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后,也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生。(句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语),强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,现在分词之前可用连词when或while:Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.WhilewatchingTVintheroom,Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.WhileflyingovertheChannel,thepilotsawwhathethoughttobeameteorite.Whencrossingtheroad,youmustbecareful.,(2)表示原因Beingsick,Istayedathome.Shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass.Knowingthathewastired,Itoldhimtohavearest.(3)表示条件Adoptingthismethod,wewillraisetheaverageyieldby40percent.Turningtotheright,youwillfindapathleadingtohiscottage.,(4)表示让步Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedherbest.(5)表示结果Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,completelyruiningourholiday.(6)表示方式或伴随情况Heranuptoherbreathingheavily.Pleasefillintheform,givingyourname,address,etc.,完成形式,现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，如：Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Thedelegates,havingfulfilledtheirmission,arrivedbackinShanghai.Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadannovel.Nothavingdonetheworkwell,wedecidedtotryagain.Nothavingreceivedareply,hewenttherehimself.注：在独立结构中，也可以用现在分词的完成形式，如：Hiscomradeshavingallleftforthefront,hedidntwanttostayintherear.,1动词-ing的被动式的构成(1)一般被动式：being+过去分词(2)完成被动式：havingbeen+过去分词,现在分词的被动形式,2动词-ing的被动式的用法,(1)动词-ing的一般被动式表示与其逻辑主语为被动关系；作主语和宾语时无固定的时态意义，作定语和补足语时表示正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生。(2)动词-ing的完成被动式表示与其逻辑主语为被动关系，也表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。,(1)作主语Beingofferedsuchajobwasgoodluck被给予这样一份工作是好运气。Beingkilledintrafficaccidentsisacommonoccurrence交通事故导致死亡是常有的事。BeingselectedChairmanofthepartymadehimfeelproud被选为主席，他很自豪。,3动词-ing的被动式的句法功能,(2)作宾语Hedislikesbeinginterruptedinhisexperiment他不喜欢在做实验时被人打扰。Theycouldntstandbeingtreatedlikethat他们不能忍受别人那样对待他们。Shedoesntrememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetogoabroad她不记得曾给过她出国的机会。Hecameinwithoutbeingasked没有让他进来,他就进来了。Hewasafraidofbeing!eftathome他害怕被留在家里。Iheardofhishavingbeenchosentobethecoachoftheteam我听说他被选为该队的教练了。Someofourcustomerscomplainedofhavingbeentreatedrudely我们的一些顾客抱怨受到粗鲁的对待。,注意：在want，need，deserve，require，repay，bear，take等动词及形容词worth后，习惯用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“tobedone。如：Thehousewantscleaning这房屋需要打扫。Mywatchneedsrepairing我的手表需要修理。Thewaydeservesmentioning这个方法值得一提。Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingaftercarefully这些小树需要细心照顾。Thefilmisworthseeing这部影片值得一看。,(3)作定语ThebuildingbeingrepairedisdordormitoryThequestionsbeingdiscussedareofgreatimportanceThatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.Heaskedwhowasthemanbeingoperatedon.,(4)作宾语补足语IoftenwatchthetrucksbeingloadedwithcoalIsawhimbeingtakenawaybythepoliceOnecouldhearallkindsofthingsbeingdiscussedthereYoullfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.Asweenteredthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.,(5)作状语Havingbeenwarnedabouttyphoon，thefishermensailedforthenearestharbour听到台风警报，渔民们便驾船向最近的港口驶去。Havingbeenaskedtostay，Icouldntverywellleave人家请我留下，我就不好意思离开了。Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance，howcouldyouletitslipaway?人家给了你这样一个好机会，你怎能轻易放过?Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldntverywellrefuse.Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.,在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:,独立结构,独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,例如：Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.(伴随情况)Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.(时间)Somanystudentsbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.(原因)Weatherpermitting,wellhaveanoutingtomorrow.(条件)Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.Thejobdone,wewenthome.Thecompositionwritten,hehandedittotheteacher.,1_thatitwasgoingtosnow，theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptOnthehighestmountainAHavingtoldBHavingbeentoldCTobetoldDTohavetold,ing-形式精练,2Iheardtheterriblesoundof_lastnightAthedoorsshuttingBthedoorbeingshuttingCthedoorwasbeingshutDthedoorbeingshut3Thebuilding_nowwillbeahospitalAbebuiltBtobebuiltCbeingbuiltDbeingbuilding,4_formonths，theroomisverydirtyAWehaventcleanitBHavingnotcleanedCNothavingbeencleanedDHavingnotbeencleaned5-Didyouenjoyyourselflastnight?-ItsveryniceofyouIappreciated_tothepartyAtobeinvitedBtohavebeeninvitedCbeinginvitedDhavingbeeninvited6_notverypopularwithallitsmembers，hewasntappointedchairmanofthecommitteeATobeconsideredBBeingconsideredC.ConsideringDHavingconsidered,7.Thebuilding_willbecompletedinamonthItwillbeourlabbuildingAbeingpaintedBpaintingCtohavepaintedDtopaint8Theoldmanneeds_.Al00kafterBtolookafterC100kingafterDbeinglookedafter9.IdontlikeatinthepublicA1aughingBbeinglaughedC1aughedD.tolaugh10Theproblemisworth_.AdiscussingB.discussC.beingdiscussedDdiscussed,11_manytimes，theboystilldidntknowh