英语毕业论文-中西方教育的差异研究.doc

From the growing background of children to see the different education between the western and china 摘要当今，世界各国越来越重视儿童的教育问题教育在世界范围内的重视达到了空前的高度，无论是学校教育还是家庭教育，都取得了巨大的进步。随着经济的展与独生子女家庭数量的增加，越来越多的教育问题出现了。众多学者在进行理论探究的同时，都试图参照西方国家的教育经验来解决我国的儿童教育问题。但由于各国国情不一样，很多问题不能很好解决。而当今世界是儿童身心发展的新时期，儿童也将承担着本世纪建设祖国的主力军，因此，学习和借鉴西方儿童教育的发展对促进儿童教育的进一步发展具有一定的现实意义，本文试图通过分析儿童的自身所具备的能力，中西儿童性格差异比较以及儿童所成长的环境对他们的影响来研究中西方教育的差异。关键词：儿童教育 自我成长能力 性格差异 Abstract Today, the countries all over the world pay more and more attention to Childrens education problem, education has to be an unprecedented height within the world, whether the school education or family education, it has made great progress. With the economic developing and the single-child family has increased, more and more education problem has appeared. Meanwhile researching the theory, many scholars attempt to solve these problems by referring to the education systems of developed countries. But due to the countries national condition is different, many of the problems are not solved very well. But in todays world ,it is the new period of childrens physical and mental development, children will be also responsible for the construction of our country in this century, therefore, the study and the development of the western children education is help to promote the further development of our childrens education , and it has certain practical significance, in this text, through analyzing the ability the children possess, the comparison between Chinese and western children and the influence to the childrens growing environment to study the differences between Chinese and western education.Keywords: childrens education self-growing ability Character diversity IntroductionChildren period is the key of human development, it has already become the focus of the whole society. In many countries, they take the children education as an important part of the education reform, since the 30 years reform and opening up in China, many scholars of children field are constantly study the advanced countries successful experience. The national condition of different countries is the barrier of scholars studying, but the western education method and experience is really can be used as reference. Early childhood is ones critical period of development, if it cannot develop well, it may affect a persons whole life. And the childrens growth background has a decisive significance on them. This text is first briefly to introduce children have their own growth ability, the purpose of this text is giving a better understanding of childrens nature in itself, whether parents or school or social ,when they are in the process of educating children, they should base on the nature of children, they cant kill their nature. The second point is about the different personality between Chinese and western childrens latest survey of the current situation, the results of this survey is help to better analyze the reasons of different character between Chinese and western children. Next up is trying to through the family and school background to study the reasons for the differences. Finally is from the differences of the western education to summarize some enlightenment to us. In my opinion, the western education is more conducive to childrens physical and mental development, through the growing progress to study the distinctions between the western and china contribute to the children ,it makes them to live a better and healthier life ,and it is also help to our country to foster the excellent talents.Chapter 1 resuming the growing ability the children possess Childhood is an important life stage which is rich and colorful, and containing the enormous power, children have the ego growth ability, if we can read every detail and action of the child, and giving them proper love and education they will also give us a miracle. Children not only have their own participation, as the growth of the age, they have self-awareness, this is the ego bud and a qualitative change. From taking oneself as an object gradually change into subject to know. We are appealing to respect children, giving the free right and at the same time, believing that children have the ability to grow up.1. Children are active learnersIn the external environment, and the children can actively absorb nutrients. Although many things children cant finish, they need the adults support, but this does not mean that the adults can accord to their own ideas to take the childs growth as a task to complete. Never making plans for the children recklessly, each child is like a primary fresh strawberry, each strawberry has its own unique way of experiencing the world. The child can choose their required materials and the freedom to explore his interest in the unknown independently, they can absorb the contents they need and learn knowledge.2. The children are their own educatorsEvery child is unique, first of all we want to understand and respect for each childrens individual difference, giving children the maximum limitation to grow healthily. many famous educators, such as Johann Amos Comenius , Desiderius Erasmus , Jacques Rousseau think that children has its unique thoughts and feelings, if we use our ideas and emotions to replace them, it will be the most stupid things. Because of the way of learning of children and adults is different, our childrens education should notice the children is an independent and natural growth individual, if we use the adultsway to educate them, it will violate the nature regular pattern of childrens development 3. Nature is the book of growing upHow to allow the children get the whole development? About this problem, there are various answers, different people have different ideas. The famous educator Chen He Qin put forward the living education theory, it says that nature and society is the living teaching materials. According to the childrens physical and mental development situation , and the season and childrens actual life situation to make plan for them. Nature is the best teacher, the greatness and wonderful of the nature are the best teaching materials for them to pursue, every child is a little thinkers and explorer, childrens curiosity and the thirst for knowledge, even their straightforward and courage are greatly surpass us. In the original, authenticity and natural life situation, it should accord to the childrens interests and requirements as the starting point of the free education, so that children can free to explore actively, research, observe and express. We through training interest and curiosity of children for the exploration of the nature to form a scientific interest, instead of cramming instilled in them of scientific knowledge.Chapter 2 About the latest survey of the different personality between Chinese and western children The sciences researcher of Chinese academy Zhang Jian xins graduate students Li Yu Hui published a research the comparison of fairy tale test in cross-cultural recently, he use the fairy tale characters as measurement tools to investigate 138 numbers ,12 years old Beijing children ,and with Greek children of the same age test results compare, through the little red riding hood, the Wolf ,it has not only detected the individual characteristic of Chinese children, but also found that the China and western childrens personality differences. The result shows that Chinese children in demand, jealousy against, belong to oral demand, emotional needs, material requirements, sexual attention, the pursuit of excellence and depression that eight variables score are obviously higher than Greece, to Chinese children, the emotional and physical demand is the most important in the personality structure of a Chinese child . LiYuHui thinks, Chinese children are not well met in the emotional and physical needs, the emotion and material relatively insufficiency, it is easy to lead to a series of emotional problems, depression is one of the most typical performance. Chinese children get a higher score on the envy and attack, it is probably because of our countrys one-child policy. In comparing the result is also found that Chinese children showing more sense of belonging of collective relationship. And Greek children show more independence and identity. To this, Li Yu Hui explained, many social psychology studies show that most European countries and Americas individual socialist cultural emphasis on individual needs and achievements, living in this culture of individuals tend to view themselves as independent person. And in Asia, Africa and South Americas, many countries emphasize on the collective socialist culture, live in this culture of individuals tend to view themselves relegated to a larger groups, such as family, companions and countries. Chinese children in general have higher demand, This makes it clear that Chinese children pay more attention to the collective relations and the interaction between companion. The results is the same with the existing adult cross-cultural studies in comparing personality, this shows that the different cultural background of Chinese and western is not only influence on the adults, to childrens personality, it is also has a similar role.So what factors are lead to the differences between Chinese and western children? Next I am analyzing this from the growing family and school environment of western and Chinese children. Chapter 3 Chinese and western childrens family background1. in the aspects of respecting and understanding children.Western parents commonly think that children are an independent individual from the very first day when they are born, they have their own independent will and personality. Parents, teachers or relatives and friends have no privileges to dominate and limit the childs behavior. In most cases they cant make choice for their children, but to make the children feel that they are their own master, even in what circumstances say what words, parents should be carefully considered, understand the childs psychological and respect for the childs choice. But Chinese parents desire to control their children, requiring their children obey their will.2. in the aspects of childs natural developmentWestern parents often believe that children have self-examination and educate ability. Children have to work and live by themselves, they get happiness and all kinds of knowledge from work, for learning all kinds of skills, parents should make the child themselves to independence. Westerners have thin concept of wishing their children to be famous or get married. they are not went to great pains to design their childrens future, but pay attention to the free development of children, they try their best to train the children to become able to adapt to the environment, and have independent ability to survive in society. Their family education is starting by nurturing children are full of pioneering spirit and can stand on their own feet. Based on this concept, many western families attach great importance to the childs own exercise. When Chinas child is still sleeping like a log, a lot of western children have to send newspaper door to door. It is seemingly cruelty education, but it makes western children to become more independent living skills. Many of Chinas family, they transcend the actual level of the high demand for children and spoil things by excessive enthusiasm, complaining them are not succeed, this is spread all over the place in china family. In the childs growth process, except on the double care of their life, parents are care about the childs learning most. In order to make the child academic record is perfect and win honor for home, parents are not allow their children to do anything except the homework, when meeting some difficult things ,parents will do for them .And in their eyes, studying is almighty. The independent living ability of the children and social adaptation ability, mental health level and moral sentiment and the citizen consciousness are seldom care about, some even totally ignored.3. in the aspect of encouraging children in innovation and explorationWestern parents believe that children have the independent inquiry and investigate ability as adults. They can take generous attitude to create a creative environment and atmosphere for child. They keep a positive and affirmative attitude to the childrens any explore behavior, and they encourage their child to put forward different ideas and actively to probe the problem they find in life. Chinese parents are always hold a negative attitude to the childs exploration activities .They often take their childs exploration activities as nonsense and put a stop to it. For example: the American children take apart alarm clock at home, if they are able to recover it to the original sample, most parents will praise children, if they cannot return, many parents will install the alarm clock get together with their children, or even encourage children taking it apart and reloading again. But if the Chinese children removed the home alarm clock, even if they can recover it, there are a few children dare to tell parents.Chapter 4 Chinese and western childrens school background1. The differences of the Chinese and western children in class Our classroom teaching is typically takes the teacher as the center. Due to the traditional culture and behavior habits, when choosing the usage of a course of lectures or discussing teaching method, schools are more inclined to choose the former. The students wish their teachers are full of all kinds of skills and look forward to meet the teachers who have wisdom in the mind, they hope the teacher can from deep into shallow when teaching a theme, and they even expect the teacher can give them all knowledge the teacher has possessed. And not willing to ask too many questions to teacher. If a teacher is regularly allowing the students to discuss in class, he may soon be negative by his students and then discharged by the school. This is the Chinese classroom teaching sympathy. And there is still an opinion to pay attention. It is“Silence is golden”.This is a point influence Chinese students to today. It is different from the outgoing westerners, many Chinese students not make public. If a man is not show his happiness and anger on his face, they will think they are really have thoughts and clever. Most Chinese Students think that we are going to the classroom is just listening to the teacher. And not to listen to what the students say. To hold this view, Students are believe in that Group discussion is more of a waste of time, because they think the answers of the students may not be right, Even it is wrong, only the teachers teaching is credible. Because Western students are not suppressed since childhood .their nature decides them love to make public, so does the classroom. They are really like the teaching way of group discussion in class. Obviously the western classroom teaching way is mainly takes students as the center. Teaching and learning in the very great degree decided by students, a lot of classroom is more like a discussion meeting room. The teacher to the classroom is a monitor and the activity organizer. They are seldom Speaking but leaving the most time to students. The teacher not explains every problem clearly but try to guide students to find it. In this class, students must actively engage in active thinking. When meeting the difficult question, they will ask the teacher for help, the teacher lead students again until the problem is solved. In contrast, the western education belongs to the educational quality. The goal of teaching is to learnThe interest and lead the students to develop their ability to analyze and solve problems. When evaluating a students ability, it is not through seeing whether he can win in all kinds of test, but see whether he have judgment and the ability of solving practical problems. And then students can better adapt to the colorful and changing society. Our education field has actually realized the old and disadvantages of our education methods, with many years reformation of the teaching, many schools are inclined to encourage students to think Problems actively, actively participate in classroom teaching and to participate in social practice. But in general, most of the students in our countryare more like to sit in the classroom passively listening to the teacher ,according to the foreign teachers reflection, this kind of circumstance is very rare in western country.2. The differences of teaching organizationTaking example of professional division in the university, Chinas higher education of professional is very narrow, against the development of students. in addition to the foundation course in western university. Students can choose a lot of courses they are interested in. It makes students have wider knowledge, vision and sound development, seeing things from all kinds of views of teaching organization form. All of the schools teaching and scientific research are based on the teacher .University is usually divide the famous professor into several core group. In each team there has a professor, some postdoctoral. Doctor or masters to form a teaching research group, they discuss what lesson should teach to the student and how to lecture together. Schools and faculties is without any specific request. Only in the end of all course, they give students the same questionnaire .These anonymous survey form of teaching students to the questionnaire then give to the school authorities to statistical analysis of these courses teaching level and the teaching of professor. Such as the American university ex