否定句详细讲解.doc

否定句 否定句一、概念否定句指表示否定意义的句子。二、相关知识点精讲 1. 用not构成的否定句：主语 + 助动词/情态动词/be + not + 例句：He is not back yet.It is not true.We havent forgotten you.You shouldnt be so silly. We havent been invited yet.He wont go, but they will.Money could not buy happiness.I like the salad, but I dont like this soup.He wants a girl friend, but he doesnt want to get married.You didnt understand what I said, did you?You neednt try to explain.I didnt use to like opera, but now Im getting interested.I usednt to like opera, but now Im getting interested.2. 祈使句的否定句：Dont + 动词原形。例句：Dont worry. Ill look after you.Dont believe a word he says.Dont be so rude.3. 非谓语动词（不定式，分词，动名词）的否定式：把not放在to do; doing; 的前面。Its important not to worry.He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked advice of her friend.He reproached me for not having told it to him.4. not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用：Come early, but not before six.Its working, but not properly.I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.not用在I hope; I believe; Im afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后，构成省略句。Will it snow today ?I hope not.5. 用no构成否定句：no+名词（单，复数，不可数）相当于not+ a +名词/ not + any +名词No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.Take that towel, I have no other.I can walk no farther.There is no knowing what will happen.6. 某些否定副词或代词：seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中构成否定句：I can seldom find time for reading.Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.The rumor came from nowhere.None but fools have ever believed it.7. 否定转移：当think; believe; suppose; imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面，是主句变成否定句：I dont think shes at home, but Ill go and see.I dont imagine that hell enjoy it.8. 否定式疑问句：Doesnt she understand?Havent you booked your holiday yet?9. 部分否定：注意部分否定的结构：Not all=AllnotNot both=BothnotNot every=EverynotI dont remember all the names.All is not gold that glitters.It is not found everywhere.Not everyone likes this film.10. 用否定形式表示肯定的意义： 注意这些句型：cannottoo. / cannot more: 越就越好；再不过了。You cannot be too careful.A man can never have too many friends.特别注意：1 部分否定和全部否定 1） 当 all, both, every, everybody, everything, each 等代词及 always, wholly, everywhere 等副词出现在句中时，谓语动词的否定形式只表示部分否定，意为“不都是，不总是，并非全”等。 This book is not to be found everywhere. / All these answers are not correct. 2） 具有否定意义的代词、副词或短语，如：no, none, nobody, nothing, neither, never, nowhere 等，词组如：free from，far from，would ratherthan等。 Neither of them is my friend. / Nobody is fond of the book. The problem is far from difficult. /The medicine set him free from pain.2 否定形式表示肯定意义 1） no sooner than, hardly/ scarcely/barely when 表示“一就” No sooner had they rushed out of the house than the earthquake happened. 2） Cannottoo, cannotenough 表示“越越好，无论怎么也不过分”。 John is such a good student that we cant praise him too much. / You cannot be careful enough. 3） Nothing more than 表示“仅仅是，非常” There is nothing he likes more than a cup of tea. 4） No / none other than 表示“正是， 不是正是” This is no other than the newspaper you want. / She is none other than my daughter. 5） Nothing but / except 与 none but 意为 “仅仅，只有才” The boys want to do nothing but watch TV. / None but a fool would do such a thing. 6） Cannot but 表示 “只好，只得” I cant but go with you. 7） Not till / until 表示 “直到才” He didnt go home until he had finished all his work. (此句的强调句和倒装句怎么说呢？)8） Not a little 表示 “很，极，非常”， not a bit 表示“一点也不”, not a few 表示“很多” He gave me not a little trouble. / She is not a bit afraid. 3 肯定形式表否定意义。 1） 副词 little 与动词 believe, expect, think, realize, know, imagine, guess 等连用时，通常置于动词前，表示完全否定意义。 I little expected that things should turn out like this. When I first came to this country, I little thought that I should stay here so long. 2） “too+adj.+ to do” 用来表示“太以至不” This stone is too heavy for me to lift. 但当 too 后是 easy, kind, ready, glad, likely, willing, eager, delighted, pleased 等一类表心情、态度或倾向性的形容词时，too 表“非常，很”，后面的不定式不再有否定意义。 He is too delighted to see his former classmate. 3） Anything but 表示“绝对不，一点也不”。 The problem is anything but difficult. / He is anything but an actor. 4） More than can 意为“无法，难以，简直不”. This is more than I can bear. 5） More A than B 表示“是 A 不是B”，“与其说是B,不如说是A”。 He is more brave than wise (有勇无谋)。 I was more angry than frightened. 4 否定的其他注意点 1） “主语 + be + the last + n. + to do / that ”是一种加强语气的否定句，意思是“最不的，决不至于”。 He is the last man that I want to invite. 2） 当 too to 结构中的 too 前有only, but, all 时， 意思是“非常，很”，后面的不定式没有否定意义。 Im only too glad to help you. 3） Too not to表示“太不会不”或“非常，一定能”。 She is too angry not to say it.