（外国语言学及应用语言学专业论文）视域融合视角下的开封旅游资料英译.pdf

iii摘摘 要要 随着经济全球化进程的加快，各国的文化交流也日益频繁。旅游作为文化交流的一种方式受到人们的青睐。 旅游业也已成为全球经济中发展势头最强劲和规模最大的产业之一。自二零零一年加入世界贸易组织以来，中国的旅游业竞争力逐年上升，使得旅游业蓬勃发展，吸引了大批海外游客前来旅游观光。旅游资料的翻译作为旅游资源对外宣传中不可或缺的环节，在旅游业的发展中起着至关重要的作用。 开封作为中国的六大古都之一，拥有丰富的旅游资源，旅游业已成为开封经济发展的支柱产业。开封市政府更是将 “十二五”期间开封的城市发展定位为“国际文化旅游城市” 。旅游资料的翻译作为建设国际文化旅游城市的一部分，其重要作用日益凸显。但目前开封旅游资料翻译的状况不容乐观。由于旅游翻译从业人员的水平良莠不齐，开封旅游资料翻译中出现了各种语用、语法、语义错误，严重影响了游客的出行和城市的形象。 虽然很多学者对旅游资料翻译进行过研究探讨，但他们大多着眼于翻译的终端，即原文文本或译文读者，很少有人注意到起桥梁作用的译者。伽达默尔的“视域融合”理论指出译者在翻译过程中的责任重大， 只有译者在翻译过程中做到视域融合才能得到理想的翻译文本。换句话说，翻译其实就是视域融合。译者的任务就是扩大自己的视域，使其与其他视域相交融。在这个过程中，译者既要看到原文视域的决定作用，也要看到读者视域的影响作用。鉴于旅游资料的特殊性和复杂性，旅游资料的译者更应注重各视域之间的融合。 本文在伽达默尔的“视域融合”理论的指导下，对开封旅游资料的英译进行对比分析。指出译者若在翻译过程中未能填补各个视域间的差距，实现视域融合，那么相应的翻译文本或不能传递原文中所蕴含的文化意义，或不能让外国游客理解和接受。只有当译者在翻译过程中融合了参与翻译的各个视域， 并用相应正确有效的翻译方法将最终的译文视域表达出来，才能得到理想的旅游翻译文本，从而达到对旅游资料进行翻译的目的。 本文还指出，运用“视域融合”理论来指导开封旅游资料的翻译，不仅是为得到正 iv确的旅游翻译提供有效地理论指导， 更希望译者在旅游翻译过程当中能够意识到自己责任重大，认真做好桥梁工作。作者也希望“视域融合”理论可以为其他旅游城市的旅游翻译研究或是其他学者对旅游翻译的研究有所帮助。 关键词关键词：旅游资料，旅游翻译，视域融合 iabstract with the fast development of economic globalization, the cultural communications among nations become more and more frequent. tourism, as a form of cultural exchange is popular in different countries. tourism has become one of the largest industries with the most robust developing momentum in global economy. since china joined the world trade organization in 2001, the competitiveness of chinas tourism has increased year by year, which makes this industry develop vigorously. large quantities of overseas tourists are attracted by the unique charm of this divine land. the translation of tourism publicity is an indispensable link in external propaganda, which plays a vital role in the development of tourism industry. as one of the six ancient capitals in china, kaifeng is rich in tourism resources. tourism has become the leading industry in kaifeng. the kaifeng municipal government is planning to develop the city to be the “international cultural tourism city” during the period of 12th five-year-plan. to construct an international cultural tourism city, the translation of tourism publicity cannot be neglected. due to the interminglement of the good and the bad translators, some mistakes in the tourism translation of kaifeng impact on the tourists travelling and damage the citys image. therefore, it is urgent to improve the current situation of kaifeng tourism translation under the guidance of a scientific translation theory. the post studies on tourism translation always focus on the terminals (original text or target reader) of the tourism translation, and few scholars notice the translator who connects the terminals. gadamers “fusion of horizons” theory puts forward the heavy responsibility of the translator in translating process and points out that the ideal translation can only be produced after the translators integrated fusion of horizons. in other words, translation is ii“fusion of horizons”. the translator should constantly widen his own horizon, and make it fuse with other horizons. in this process, the translator also needs to pay attention to the decisive role of the original texts horizon and the influence of the target readers horizon. in consideration of the particularity and complexity of tourism publicity, the translator should pay more attention to the fusion of different horizons. based on gadamers “fusion of horizons” theory, this thesis analyzes kaifengs current tourism translation. the thesis finds that if the translator does not fill the gaps between different horizons to fuse them with each other, he is unable to get the satisfactory translation. the unsatisfactory translation either fails to convey the cultural connotation of the original text, or makes the foreign tourists confused. when the translator fuses all the participated horizons together and makes use of the correct translation strategies to effectively express the translations horizon, the ideal tourism translation can be produced and the purpose of translating tourism publicity is achieved. this paper also points out that using the “fusion of horizons” theory to guide kaifengs tourism translation not only supplies the effective theoretical direction in order to get the correct tourist translation theory but also intensifies the translators sense of responsibility in translating tourism publicity. the author also hopes the “fusion of horizon” theory can give a hand to the studies on the tourism translation of other tourism cities or the studies on tourism translation carried out by other scholars. key words: tourism publicity, tourism translation, fusion of horizons 关于学位论文独创声明和学术诚信承诺 本人向河南大学提出硕士学位申请。本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师的指导下独立完成的， 对所研究的课题有新的见解。 据我所知， 除文中特别加以说明、标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包括其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包括其他人为获得任何教育、科研机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同事对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。 在此本人郑重承诺：所呈交的学位论文不存在舞弊作伪行为，文责自负。 学位申请人（学位论文作者）签名： 201 年 月 日 关于学位论文著作权使用授权书 本人经河南大学审核批准授予硕士学位。作为学位论文的作者，本人完全了解并同意河南大学有关保留、使用学位论文的要求，即河南大学有权向国家图书馆、科研信息机构、数据收集机构和本校图书馆等提供学位论文（纸质文本和电子文本）以供公众检索、查阅。本人授权河南大学出于宣扬、展览学校学术发展和进行学术交流等目的，可以采取影印、 缩印、 扫描和拷贝等复制手段保存、 汇编学位论文 （纸质文本和电子文本） 。 （涉及保密内容的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 学位获得者（学位论文作者）签名： 201 年 月 日 学位论文指导教师签名： 201 年 月 日 chapter one introduction 1chapter one introduction 1.1 research background china, with a recorded history of more than five thousand years, is one of the four ancient civilizations. our industrious and brave ancestors left us quite amount of precious cultural wealth, which has been turned into the attractive tourism resources. with the success of the 29th beijing olympic games and 2010 shanghai world exposition, more and more foreign tourists take an interest in the mysterious oriental country. in 2009, china became the third most popular tourism destination all over the world. the unwto (united nations world tourism organization) predicts that, by the year of 2020, the number of tourists to china will increase to 16 billion. by then, china will become the worlds largest tourism destination and the fourth major source of tourists. tourism as a new and developing industry gradually becomes the leading industry of some cities in china. kaifeng is such city. as one of the first twenty-four historic and cultural famous cities designated by the chinese government, kaifeng focuses on its tourism development in recent years. with the tourism industry booming, we are looking forward to perfecting the construction of supporting facilities and related regulation systems. tourism publicity is the most important part of the tourism supporting facilities as well as the effective tool on advertising the citys tourism. it will inevitably arouse the attention from the government of the tourism cities. the tourists, especially the foreign tourists, rely very much on the tourism publicity. with the help of detailed and accurate tourist publicity, the tourists can not only get the right guidance during their traveling, but also learn more cultural information about their destination. in such a case, the translation of tourist publicity has been the hot topic in the translation field. the tourism translation is the linguistic transformation, a an analysis of english translation of tourist publicity in kaifeng from the perspective of the “fusion of horizons” 2method of cultural communication and the image of the tourism cities. 1.2 reasons and purpose of the study the reason why the author selects the current research topic is based on the following two reasons. firstly, traveling is the personal interest of the author. the author is willing to spend her spare time in traveling to appreciate the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, which can widen the authors horizon and increase her knowledge. second, kaifeng is the hometown of the author, and at the same time it is the tourism city with the unsatisfied tourism translation. it is urgent to improve the current situation of kaifengs tourism translation. the author attempts to analyze the tourism translation of kaifeng city from the perspective of the “fusion of horizons” theory. through the study on the only one citys tourism translation in this research paper, the author expects that this analysis pattern can be used as a source of reference to guide the tourism translation of other ancient cities. many scholars have carried out their studies about this topic, and their efforts are all useful for the development of tourism translation. the post studies always focus on the terminals of tourism translation, which are reader-centered or original-text-centered. the translators are invisible during their studies. the “fusion of horizons” theory puts the translator at the same position even higher position than the original text and the readers or. a good tourism translation can hardly exist without excellent translators. the study provides extensive analysis of how the “fusion of horizons” theory functions in guiding the translator to render satisfactory versions, which is of great value in practice. the author also expects to improve the tourism translation of kaifeng through this thesis so that more and more foreign visitors may possibly pay their attention to the ancient and legendary city. more concern will bring a golden chance to make the fast development in the chapter one introduction 3authors hometown. by doing so, kaifeng, a most prosperous city a thousand year ago, may regain its flourishing. 1.3 research questions to render a satisfactory translated version that introduces the charming of chinese scenic spots and meet the english practice and aesthetic values of western people, the following questions emerge naturally: (1) can the “fusion of horizons” theory guide tourism translation? (2) how does the “fusion of horizon” theory function in guiding the translation practice of different elements in the tourism publicity? 1.4 data collection and methodology most data for the thesis are collected by the author from the parks, scenic spots and streets in kaifeng city. the rest are composed of the printed description about kaifeng. the english translations are collected from books, illustrations, magazines, and the internet. the present research is qualitative analysis. qualitative analysis is originally a process to identify the chemical components of a substance. it integrates the explanation and the application of the fusion of horizons theory in tourism translation. 1.5 organization of the thesis this thesis is composed of five chapters. the first chapter is the introduction part, which introduces the background, reasons and purpose, data collection and methodology, and the organization of this paper. the second chapter is literature review. in this chapter, the author summarizes the significance and classification of tourism translation, and reviews the current studies on an analysis of english translation of tourist publicity in kaifeng from the perspective of the “fusion of horizons” 4tourism translation by scholars at home or abroad. in the end, the author points out the superiority and feasibility of “fusion of horizons” theory on tourism translation. the third chapter is the theoretical framework, which briefly introduces hermeneutics and gadamers philosophical hermeneutics. the author analyzes the “fusion of horizons” theory, and incorporates it into translation activity. the fourth chapter is the most important part of this thesis. the author categorizes kaifengs tourism publicity into six types, which are the names of streets and towns, the dietary culture, the couplets and poem, the tourists-participated activities, religion and historical periods, and makes use of the “fusion of horizons” theory to analyze the translation of the pre-categorized tourism publicities. the fifth chapter is the conclusion, which includes the major findings, limitation of this research and suggestions for the future research.chapter two literature review 5chapter two literature review 2.1 definition and classification of tourism translation 2.2.1 definition of tourism translation tourism translation simply means all the translation related to tourism. professor chen gang (陈刚, 2009: 3) gives the definition of tourism translation. from the activity point of view, tourism translation is a kind of translation practice for tourism activity, tourism-related specialty and tourism industry. he also points out that translation tourism belongs to professional translation, which is a cross-language, cross-society, cross-space-time, cross-culture, cross-psychology, even cross-religion communication activity. among them, the features of cross-culture and cross-psychology are the most notable ones. 2.2.2 classification of tourism translation chen gang points out that the range of tourism translation is fairly wide which includes every aspect of translation activity. for that reason, we can classify the tourism translation from different perspectives. (陈刚, 2009:10) 1) from the perspective of translation methods, the tourism translation can be divided into guide-interpretation, interpretation which includes sight interpreting, consecutive interpreting and simultaneous interpreting, written translation and machine translation. 2) from the perspective of related-language and related-symbol, the tourism translation includes intralingual translation, interlingual translation and intersemiotic translation. i) intralingual translation mainly happens in interpretation. for example, the translators transfer cantonese to mandarin, or switch the tourism publicity from kaifeng dialect to an analysis of english translation of tourist publicity in kaifeng from the perspective of the “fusion of horizons” 6minnan dialect. ii) interlingual translation means the translators translate between two languages, either from native language to foreign language, or vice versa or between two foreign languages. strictly speaking, interlingual translation is the translation in real meaning. iii) intersemiotic translation refers to the shift between language symbols and non-language symbols. the non-language symbols contain gestures, pictures, mathematical symbols and musical signs. it could also be said that the translators try to explain the language symbols with non-language symbols. 4) from the perspective of translation theme, tourism translation has the characteristics of the following three categories simultaneously: i) professional translation, just as the scientific translation and legal translation; ii) general translation; and iii) literary translation, especially translation of prose, couplet and poetry. 2.2 studies on tourism translation at home and abroad 2.2.1 studies on tourism translation at home tourism translation as one of the most important parts of tourism industry attracts many scholars attention. most of the scholars study tourism translation from the perspective of functionalism. there are also other different methods to study this subject, such as reception aesthetics, adaptation, foreignization and so on. studies from the perspective of reception aesthetics reception aesthetics (reception theory) is a version of reader response literary theory that emphasizes the readers reception of a literary text. it is more generally called audience reception in the analysis of communications models. the reception aesthetics was founded chapter two literature review 7in germany in the late 1960s. it was the most influential translation theory during the 1970s and early 1980s in germany and usa. in the middle 1980s, it was delivered to china and brought great inspiration to the literary theories. hans robert jauss and wolfgang iser were the most famous scholars in the constants school. jauss was influenced by gadamers philosophical hermeneutics. he thought that every reader had a certain pre-understanding structure and pre-knowledge before he read every specific work. the pre-understanding was known as “horizon of expectation”, which is the presupposition of the readers to understand and interpret the writers view and standpoint. without the horizon of expectation, the readers could not read anything. meanwhile, isers theory came from ingardens phenomenological aesthetics. in isers opinion, the meaning of the works was produced during the reading, which was the result of the interaction between the works and the readers. the readers made the content of the works actualized during the process of their reception. though jausss and isers theoretical sources were different, their starting points of constructing reception theory remained the same. they considered the reader-center as their rationale so that they transferred focus of translation from the traditional “the write-text” relation to “the text-reader”. the following scholars tried to study tourism translation from the reception theory. hong ming (洪明, 2006) pointed out that tourism advertising translation was definitely a purposeful activity and the achievement of its purpose primarily depended on the target language readers response. translation was a process in not only language transformation but also cross-cultural contact. in the intercultural communication, the translator should take consideration of the target readers acceptability. hong ming paid attention to the target readers from four aspects, such as the target readers horizon of expectation, aesthetic characteristics, language using habits and cultural acceptability. wang zhongxiang (王中祥, 2009) believed that the ideal tourism translation, especially the cultural images in tourism an analysis of english translation of tourist publicity in kaifeng from the perspective of the “fusion of horizons” 8publicity, was realized by the fusion with readers horizon of expectation. the translator should seek a great combination between eastern and western culture. he took some classic cases in tourism translation as examples to illustrate the importance of the readers acceptability. studies from the perspective of adaptation the theory of adaptation was put forward by the pragmatist verschueren. in his boo