人教版高中英语选修6 Unit1 Art Grammar PPT 课件.ppt

Subjunctivemood,Grammar,一、语气的分类,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,关于陈述语气1,关于陈述语气2,关于祈使语气1,关于祈使语气2,关于祈使语气3,关于祈使语气4,V+ed(were),haddone,would/could/should/might+V(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.V.+ed.2.should+V.(原)3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+V.(原),一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。Ifshehadntcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.,如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.如果他来这儿,他就能够帮助你了。Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.,明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldnextyear,IwouldtakethecourseofFrench.要是失败了，我会再试一次。Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.,1.如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。,Ifyou_herefiveminutesearlier,you_thebus.,2.如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。,IfI_notbusy,I_younow.,3.如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？,What_wedoifit_tomorrow?,hadgot,were,wouldhelp,should,weretosnow,wouldhavecaught,IfI_busylastnight,I_toseethefilmwithyou.,hadnotbeen,wouldhavegone,Ifhe_morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.,wouldnothavehad,haddriven,IfI_(know)yourtelephonenumber,I_(telephone)youyesterday.,hadknown,wouldhavetelephoned,在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifithadnotbeenfor条件句的虚拟语气中。,要不是雨水的话，庄稼就会死掉。Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.=Butfortherain=Withouttherain=Wereitnotfortherain,要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp=Withoutyourhelp=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,思考：IfIwereyou,Iwouldnthavemissedthefilmlastnight.Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteachercarefullyinclass,youwouldknowwhattodonow.,注意：当主句和从句所指的时间不一致，主从句的谓语需要根据实际时间概念确定，形成混合虚拟语气。,（高考链接）ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove,attheageof7,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall,混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。,如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。Hewouldpassthetestnowifhehadtakenmyadvice.假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavebrokentheglass.,连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had和should时,可省略if,把were,had和should放到从句主语前面去,多见于书面语。要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.,假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。Shouldtheyattackus,wewouldwipethemoutcompletely.,1._hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.A.wouldB.shouldC.shallD.if2._,mancouldnotliveatall.A.wereitnotforthesunB.ifitwasforthesunC.haditnotbeenforthesunD.ifitshouldntbeforthesun,Exercises,B,A,3._.Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A.hehadbeenhereB.herehehadbeenC.beenherehehadD.hadhebeenhere4._fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.wouldyoubeB.shouldyoubeC.couldyoubeD.mightyoube,D,B,二、虚拟语气特殊句型:,1.wish的宾语从句,现在:过去时(were)过去:过去完成时(haddone)未来:would/could/might+V.(原)should,Iwish/wishedIhadnteatensomuchwatermelon.,表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,Thepartywasterrible.IwishIhadnevergonetoit.,Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.,我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。IwishIweretenyearsyoungernow.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。IwishIhadmethimyesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。IwishIwouldbeascientist.,IwishIwereastallasYaoMing.,IwishIwereabird.,Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.,(高考链接)HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhadIwishI_abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.A.shouldB.wereC.hadbeenD.was,wouldrather后的从句：1.Iwouldrather_(finish)myhomeworktoday.2.Iwouldrather_(nottell)herthenews.Sheissuchagossip.,finish,nothavetold,1.后接动词原形,指现在或将来的时间,表示主语的主观愿望和选择。,2.后接（not）havedone,表示过去的某种不恰当的选择.,2.wouldratherthat,过去:现/将:,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.IwouldratherIhadntcomeyesterday.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时,过去完成时,3.wouldrather之后接从句：(1)Iwouldratheryou_(pay)themoneyyourself.(2)Iwouldrathershe_(notbreak)thewindow.（高考链接）Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butIdratherhe_moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused,paid,hadnotbroken,3.asif/though+从句（同wish的宾语从句）,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他看上去像是醉了。Helooksasifheweredrunk.她看起来似乎是冰做的。Shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.,4.虚拟语气用于Ifonly引导的感叹句中，“要是就好了”（同wish的宾语从句）1.要是我是一只会飞的小鸟该多好啊！IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!2.要是我看过那部电影就好了！IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!,我们该去睡觉了。,5.Its(about/high)time+that,过去时(were)should(不省)+V.,你该走了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,6.表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,常见动词:一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1)insist2)order,command3)advise,suggest,propose4)demand,require,request,ask,Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.,注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。,1)Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2)Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalatonce.,obey,was,besent,3)Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.4)Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should)+动词原形order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,7.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that从句,从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形,我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.,很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.我们有必要努力学习。Itsnecessarythatwe（should）studyhard.,错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。,*近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：,IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry_soserious.A.wouldntbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldnthavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeen,A,如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学生，四年后就会大学毕业了。Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow,andyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryearstime.,假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should,were,had三个助动词，可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。,_sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.A.IfwereB.WereC.BeD.Is,B,IfIhadtime,Iwouldcome.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.HadItime,Iwouldcome.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.,含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有with,without,or,otherwise,butfor等词隐含某种假设。,Ilostyouraddress,otherwiseI_youlongbefore.A.hadvisitedB.havevisitedC.wouldhavevisitedD.shouldvisit,C,【原句回放】Withouttheimpressionists,manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格就不可能存在。（高考链接）I_throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldnthavegoneB.didntgoC.wouldntgoD.hadntgone,没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnthavesucceededintheexperiment.要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.,常见的几种固定句式。如Ifonly,insist,suggest及Itstime/necessary/importantthat从句等等。,1.IfonlyI_tomyparentsadvice!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened2.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe_toyourplan.A.shouldntagreeB.wouldntagreeC.hadntagreedD.didntagree,D,D,3.Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_before6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished4.Itshightimehe_home.A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.isgoingtogo5.Evenifhe_(be)here,hecouldntsolvetheproblem.A.wasB.wereC.beD.is,C,B,B,6.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined,解析:真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。,B,EX:1.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotiredA.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot2._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will,高考题精选,3.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroke4.Iinsisted_toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing_wrongwithhimA.himtogo;shouldbe