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GrammarTheNounClauses,名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(SubjectClause)、宾语从句(ObjectClause)、表语从句(PredicativeClause)和同位语从句(AppositiveClause,Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,SubjectClause(主语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)NounclausePredicativeClause(表语从句),主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。e.g.Thattheearthisroundistrue.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whatyouaredoingseemsverydifficult.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.,引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。Thattheearthisroundistrue.That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:Itistruethattheearthisround.Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。,Attention,2.表示“是否”意义时,一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句,Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.但如果有形式主语it引导时,既可用whether,也可用if。e.g.Itisstillaquestionifshewillcomeornot.3.有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句:e.g.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart.,用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntoallthat从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定,c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,表示的.而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用,没有意义.(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thattheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell-knowntoeverybody.,1._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether,2._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter,练一练!,3._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who4._thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That,5._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It,6.Whenandwhyhecamehere_yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee7.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how8.ItworriedMaryalot_shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how,宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句。e.g.Doyouknowwhereheis?Imglad(that)youhavepassedtheexam.Idontknowwhether(if)youarewillingtohelpme.ImsorryforwhatIhavesaid.我为我说的话表示歉意。,特别提示1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。,2.下列宾语从句必须用whether引导,不可用if:a.从句后有ornot时,不可用if:Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.b.介词宾语通常用whether引导:Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.这要看他是否会来。c.后接动词不定式时。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告诉我是去还是留?,3.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Doyouknowhowoldheis?Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。,4.think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:Wedontthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。Idontbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。,Heasked_foraviolin(MET1992)A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.(NMET1997)A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever3.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster_hehaddonethedaybefore.A.thatB.howC.whatD.where,4.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_uptobeduringthepastfewyears.A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrowC.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown5.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_.A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalongC.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong,6.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin_,but_.A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegiveC.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive7.Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited,8.Doyouknow_?A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld?B.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldC.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldis,9.Idontdoubt_hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether10.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatIfdependson_wewillbereadyintime.A.whetherB.thatC.ifD.when,表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.表语从句放在连系动词后,如:be,seem,remain等有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。e.g.TheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。,特别提醒1.表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.2.表语从句是不用if引导的,要用whether.主语是reason时,表语从句常用that,不用because.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.,Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon(上海2001年春季招生)A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where3._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that,4.GoandgetyourcoatIts_youleftitA.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere5.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas_thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that6.Thecityisnolonger_.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe7.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that,同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别:,1、同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如:a)听说他们的队赢了,他们很高兴。_.b)消息就是他们队赢了。_.,Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon,Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon,2、从引导词来看:引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分主语或宾语,有具体词义,作宾语时还可以省略。例如:a)Thefactory_wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.b)Thenews_hewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.,(that),that,定语从句,同位语从句,3、同位语从句的简易判断方法:同位语与其先行词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的同位语关系。所以,可以在名词从句之间加系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果合乎逻辑,句子通顺,则原句为同位语从句;定语从句是不能够有系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。例如:Thebeliefthattheearthisflatisstillheldinsomecountries._.,Thebeliefisthattheearthisflat,另外,能用于名词性从句的名词有:ability,patience,anxiety,answer,order,report,wish,decision,suggestion,belief,doubt,fact,hope,message,news,promise,question,reply等等。,1.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004春季上海)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,答案B。这是一个同位语从句,解释promise的具体内容,要用that引导。,高考链接,2.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditio

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