2003-2007年南师大英语语言学考试题目.doc

2003年南师大英语语言学考试题目-初试一、单选题。1.The scholars who put forward interaction hypothesis hold _.A) language acquisition is a process of “stimulus-response”.B) humans are predisposed to acquire a language.C) humans linguistic potentiality must be combined with the environment.D) humans linguistic environment can be ignored as long as humans have language acquisition device.2.American Black English is _.A) a social variety B) a regional variety C) a combination of social and regional dialect. D) a temporal dialect3.According to Basil Bernstein, elaborated code is extensively used by _.A) middle class people and their children. B) working-class people and their children.C) both middle class and working class people D) parents of children without any distinction of social background.4. Read the following two sentences and decide what kind of error the learner commits in the second sentence: He practiced English a lot last month. (1) *She comed back home early yesterday. (2) The error in the second sentence belongs to the category of _. A) mother tongue interference B) overgeneralization C) cross-association D) performance error5.In the Semantic Triangle advanced by Ogden and Richards, “thought or reference” is _. A) word, sentence B) the object C) concept D) symbol6.The word “laze” is an example of _ in word formation. A) acronym B) blending C) functional shift D) back formation7. Pragmatics is a study of _. A) language learning B) language acquisition C) language planning D) language in use8. A linguist is interested in _. A) what is said B) what is right both in syntax and in semantics C) what is grammatical D) what ought to be said9. In English elements in construction are generally _. A) linear B) continuous C) discontinuous D) endocentric10. _ is a sound produced by bringing the tip of the tongue into contact with the upper teeth to create the obstruction. A) An alveolar B) A bilabial C) A palatal D) A dental二、名词解释 1.linguistic universals 2.language acquisition device:3.cultural diffusion 4.suggestopedia:5.polysemy 6.utterance meaning:7.coinage 8.articulatory phonetics:9.endocentric construction 10.structural change:三、判断1.According to Chomsky, the word “competence” is not limited to the ability of an ideal native speaker to construct and recognize grammatical sentences in his language.2.Eskimos have countless words for snow because snow is so common in their culture that they regard it far less important.3.Plato and Aristotle argued that the categories of thought determined the categories of language.4.Audiolingualism, contrary to American structuralism and behaviorist psychology, emphasizes the importance of regular patterns.5.People in the west tend to verbalize their gratitude and compliments less than Chinese speakers.6.It is unlikely that there is a prelinguistic stage when babies just babble.7.When varieties are classified in terms of use, they are called registers.8.From sociological view we can derive meaning from context.9.The relationship between “alligator” and “reptile” is homonymy.10.Denotation id the additional meaning than an expression carries while often shows peoples attitudes or emotions towards the subjects being talked about.11.Speech act theory was proposed by Austin and has been developed by Grice.12.A language is weakened when it borrows large numbers of words from other languages.13.Searle suggests 5 basic categories of illocutionary acts as follows: assertives, commissives, expressives, informatives and declarations.14.There is a single cause of language change.15.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.16.Spoken utterances share some common linguistic features with written utterances.17.A small set of rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, all of which are idiomatic.18.IC analysis shows linear relationship, so it helps to account for the ambiguity of certain constructions.19.Linguists are interested in the sounds that convey meaning in human linguistic communication.20.Simply speaking, a morpheme can be defined as a minimal unit of meaning.四、问答1.Of all the theories you have learned on language acquisition, which one seems to you most reasonable? Why?2.Point out the marked differences between sociolinguistic study and traditional linguistic studies.3.How does the following exchange of conversation illustrate the Politeness Principle?A: Well miss Bill and Agatha, wont you?B: Well, well miss BILL.4.What is the distinction between sense and reference?5.How do you tell compounds from the noncompounded word sequence?6.What are the two criteria suggested by Chomsky for judging grammar? 本帖最后由 虹影的小窝 于 2007-6-29 20:32 编辑 本帖地址：/thread-1943733-1-1.html 转载请注明本帖地址。 来源：考研论坛 UID1660245 阅读权限10 性别女 来自海滨城市-宁波 在线时间166 小时 最后登录2008-12-26 查看详细资料 引用 回复 TOP 虹影的小窝 一般战友帖子612 精华4 积分1575 威望355 K币1249 元 注册时间2006-8-3 发短消息 加为好友 当前离线 TOP 沙发 大 中 小 发表于 2007-6-29 20:24 只看该作者 引用 回复 2003年南师大英语语言学考试题目-复试一、判断Passage one: The study of how we do things with sentence is the study of speech acts. In studying speech acts, we are acutely aware of the importance of the context of utterance. In some circumstances There is a sheepdog in the closet is a warning, but the same sentence may be a promise or even a mere statement of fact, depending on circumstances. We call this purpose-a warning, a promise, a threat, or whatever-the illocutionary force of a speech act. Speech act theory aims to tell us when we appear to ask questions but are really giving orders, or when we say one thing with special (sarcastic) intonation and mean the opposite. Thus, at a dinner table, the question Can you pass the salt? means the order Pass the salt! It is not a request for information, and yes is an inappropriate response.1.Illocutionary acts are special case of speech acts, referring to the speakers intention in uttering something.2.Because the illocutionary force of a speech act depends on the context of the utterance, speech act theory is a part of pragmatics.3.In most cases, the illocutionary force of “Look out!” is a suggestion.4.The speech act theory originated with the British philosophy John Austin in the late 70s.5.Billy and Joe were long-time pals. One time Billy was in desperate need of money. His car had broken down and he needed $300 to fix it. So, he asked Joe for a load. Joe said he could lend Billy the money. This made Billy happy and he said to Joe;(a) “You are a terrible friend.”It is non-sarcastic answer.(b) “You are a fine friend.”It is a sarcastic one.Passage two Inflectional is a term used in Morphology to refer to one of the two main categories or processes of sword formation, the other being derivational. These terms also apply to the two types of affix involved in word formation. Inflectional affixes signal grammatical relationships, such as plural, past tense and possession, and do not change the grammatical class of the stems t which they are attached; that is, the words constitute a single paradigm, e.g. walk, walks, walked. A word is said to “inflect for” past tense, plural, etc. In traditional (pre-linguistic) grammatical studies, the term “accidence” was used in this sense. In the phrase inflecting language (“inflectional” or “inflected” language), the term refers to a type of language established by comparative linguistics using structural (as opposed to diachronic) criteria, and focusing on the characteristics of the word. In this kind of language, words display grammatical relationships morphologically: they typically contain more than one morpheme but, unlike agglutinative languages, there is no one-to-one correspondence between these morphemes and the linear sequence of morphs. In languages such as Latin, Greek, Arabic etc. the inflectional forms of words may represent several morphological oppositions, e.g. in Latin amo(I love), the form simultaneously represents present tense, active, first person singular, indicative. This “fusing” of properties has led to such languages being called fusional and had motivated the word-and-a model of analysis. As always in such classifications, the categories are not clear-cut: different languages will display the characteristic of inflection to a greater or lesser degree.1.A language in which nouns have inflectional properties is an inflectional language.2.The affix “un-” or “dis-” is an inflectional affix.3.The agglutinative language is a language that typically expresses concepts in complex words consisting of many elements, rather than by inflection or by using isolated elements.4.Many English adjectives have inflectional properties.5.The Chinese language is an agglutinative language.Passage three Each tongue draws a circle about the people whom it belongs, and it is possible to leave this circle only by simultaneously entering that of another people. Learning a foreign language ought hence to be the conquest of a new standpoint in the previously prevailing cosmic attitude of the individual. In fact, it is so to a certain extent, inasmuch as every language contains the entire fabric of concepts and the conceptual approach of a portion of humanity. But this achievement is not complete, because one always carries over into a foreign tongue to a greater or lesser degree ones own cosmic viewpointindeed ones personal linguistic pattern. (von Humboldt 18361971:39-40)1.This passage mainly discusses the relationship between ones personal linguistic pattern and a foreign language.2.According to the author of this passage, language is a powerful instrument that allows us to make sense of the world.3.This passage reveals the fact that ones own cosmic viewpoint determines linguistic orientation.4.The author of this passage seems to believe that language and the world outlook are two sides of the coin.5.The author of this passage seems to advocate that ones language presupposes ones way of thinking.二、问答1.Give examples to illustrate several different approaches to meaning.2.Why do we need two principles of conversation, i.e. the cooperative principle and the politeness principle?3.What does it mean that a linguist is interested in what is said, not what he thinks ought to be said?4.What is the advantage of IC analysis? Take “Drive the car near the station” as an example.5.Describe briefly the social differences in the use of language among speakers of the Chinese language.三、评论State clearly the interrelationship between language and cognition, giving theoretical analysis as well as empirical illustration. 来源：考研论坛 UID1660245 阅读权限10 性别女 来自海滨城市-宁波 在线时间166 小时 最后登录2008-12-26 查看详细资料 引用 回复 TOP 虹影的小窝 一般战友帖子612 精华4 积分1575 威望355 K币1249 元 注册时间2006-8-3 发短消息 加为好友 当前离线 TOP 板凳 大 中 小 发表于 2007-6-29 20:26 只看该作者 引用 回复 2004年南师大英语语言学考试题目-复试一、单选题。1.The study of the way listeners perceive the sounds is called _.A) acoustic phonetics B) auditory phoneticsC) articulatory phonetics D) phonology2.The word “FAQ” is an example of _ in word formation.A) acronym B) blendingC) functional shift D) back formation3._ is a sound made by bringing the back of the tongue into contact the velum, or the soft pate.A) An alveolar B) A palatalC) A velar D) A glottal4.The relations between the words “animal” and “fox” are _.A) hyponymy B) polysemyC) homonymy D) synonymy5.Compared with “nurture” position, “nature” position advocates that human beings are innately equipped with _ in the process of second language acquisition.A) comprehensible input B) language acquisition deviceC) competence D) language transfer6.Field of discourse, _, and mode of discourse are the three social variables that determine the register.A) style of discourse B) formality of discourseC) tenor of discourse D) content of discourse7._ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A) Sense B) ReferenceC) Concept D) Symbol8.The relationship between “married/ single” is _.A) relational opposites B) complementaryC) gradable opposites D) homonymy9._ was built on American structuralism and behaviorist psychology.A) Audiolingualism B) Direct methodC) Situation language teaching D) Functional language teaching10.The sentence “The horse race past the barn fell” is an example of _.A) simple sentence B) complex sentenceC) ambiguous sentence D) garden path sentence二、定义1.phoneme 2.semantic features:3.idiolect: 4.homonymy:5.code switching: 6.Critical Period Hypothesis:7.displacement: 8.synchronicity:9.homonymy: 10.inflection:三、判断1.In most cases, the illocutionary force of “Freeze!” is a warning.2.Since the illocutionary force of a speech act depends on the context of the utterance, speech act theory is a part of pragmatics.3.Interlanguage is a second language.4.All languages change through time.5.All grammars contain rules for the formation of the words and sentences of a similar kind.6.G. Leech proposes the Cooperative Principle as a supplement to the Politeness Principle.7.The meaning of a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning.8.Illocutionary acts are special case of speech acts, referring to the speakers intention in uttering something.9.Duality of language donates the spoken form and written form of language.10.Taboo refers to a descriptive term used in reference to words (or acts) that are not to be used (or performed) in “polite society”.11.Diglossia refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism.12.Similar grammatical categories (for example, noun, verb) are found in almost every language in the world.13.There is no gender difference in the use of intonation and lexical choices.14.Such types of utterances like question-answer, greeting-greeting, apology- minimization are adjacency pairs.15.The meaning which the speaker doesnt assert but assumes the hearer can identify from the sentence refers to the presupposed meaning.四、问答1.Discuss the relationship between thought and language.2.Draw a tree diagram for each of the following to show its syntactic structure.A. the man with the hat B. The child found the puppy.3.Give some examples to illustrate the error analysis.4.How does the following exchange of conversation illustrate the Politeness Principle?A: How do you like my painting?B: I dont have an eye for beauty, Im afraid.5.What is the distinction between sentence meaning and utterance meaning?6.Give examples to illustrate several different methods for addition of new words. 本帖最后由 虹影的小窝 于 2007-6-29 20:35 编辑 来源：考研论坛 UID1660245 阅读权限10 性别女 来自海滨城市-宁波 在线时间166 小时 最后登录2008-12-26 查看详细资料 引用 回复 TOP 虹影的小窝 一般战友帖子612 精华4 积分1575 威望355 K币1249 元 注册时间2006-8-3 发短消息 加为好友 当前离线 TOP 4楼 大 中 小 发表于 2007-6-29 20:26 只看该作者 引用 回复 2005年南师大英语语言学考试题目-复试 一、单选。1.All the following languages belong to the Indo-European family except _.A). EnglishB) ChineseC) GermanD) French2.From linguistics is formal in the sense that _.A) it studies languages that existed a long time ago.B) it studies social formalities in language learning.C) it is a branch of science.D) it studies language chiefly by looking at its formal structure.3. The word “faction” is an example of _ in word formation.A) acronymB) blendingC) functional shiftD) back formation4.The sentence “Hopefully, it will not rain tomorrow.” was criticized in _.A) formalB) functionalC) descriptiveD) prescriptive5. Greetings such as “How are you” and “Good morning” are _ in function.A) phaticB) informativeC) expressiveD) vocative6._ has become one of the main features of the interlanguage.A) FossilizationB) UtilizationC) AssimilationD) Deletion7.Generally speaking, _ is not the theories concerning how language is learned.A) behaviorist view of language acquisitionB) innatist view of language acquisitionC) interactionist view of language acquisitionD) psychological view of language acquisition8.When the notion of _ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled over into pragmatics.A) textB) contextC) textureD) intertextuality9.The term _ refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism.A) diglossiaB) langueC) paroleD) multiculturalism10.“Received Pronunciation” (RP) exemplifies _.A) sociolectB) regional dialectC) ethnic dialectD) idiolect二、定义1.allophone: 2.polysemy: 3.cultural diffusion: 4.speech community: 5.integrative motivation: 6.speech act theory:7.context: 8.surface structure:9.presequence: 10.motherese:三、判断1.Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes.2.Irony could be a means to solve the conflict between CP and PP.3.The principal features of audiolinguilism are an emphasis on st