新人教版高中英语选修八 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors Reading PPT课件.ppt

Unit5Meetingyourancestors,Warmingup,Warmingup:,Pre-reading,Writedownthreewaysinwhichthelifeofearlypeoplediffersfromyourown.,Homes:caves,perhapswithskinstokeepoutthecoldTools:scrapers,axe-heads,boneneedlesDress:animalskinssewntogetherwithneedlesandthread,necklaces,Comprehending:,Writedownthreewaysstagesofarchaeologistspartofthedialogue.,Stage1:LifeinthecaveStage2:WhatwecanlearnfromaneedleStage3:Whatwecanlearnfromanecklace,NowusethisinformationtowriteabriefintroductiontotheZhoukoudianCaves.,Summary:Firstthearchaeologistdescribeshowearlypeoplelivedintheircaves.thensheexaminedwhatwecanlearnfromaneedle.lastofallshediscoveredwhatwecanlearnfromanecklace.,LanguagePoints,1.aternativen.替换物e.g.Therearesomealternativestoourplan.Herruptvt知道的.通常用作表语,e.g.Weshouldbeawarethatalotofanimalsarebecomingendangered.beawareofsth知道;意识到.e.g.Thoughmostsmokersareawareofthedangersofsmoking,theywontgiveitup.8.regardlessof不顾;忽视e.g.Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.9.suggestvt.表明e.g.Hisfacesuggestsheishappynow.,suggest也可以表示“建议”,从句动词通常用虚拟语气形式.e.g.Isuggestedthathe(should)goatonce10.undoubtedly毫无疑问e.g.Undoubtedlytherewerefishswimminginit.11.Ifonly但愿;要是就好了e.g.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetter.Ifonlyhehadcome.,12.inspiteof不顾；虽然e.g.Iwentoutinspiteoftherain.13.ampleadj.充足的e.g.Wehaveamplemoneyforjourney.14.primitiveadj.原始的e.g.Primitivemanmadehimselfprimitivetools.15.sharpenv.（使）变锋利e.g.Hesharpenedhispencilwithaknife.16.speciallyadv.特有地e.g.Thebookwaswrittenspeciallyforchildren.,Fillintheblanks,usingthephrasecontainingofbelow,regardlessofinspiteofthinkofthinkhighly/littleof,1.DrDavidson_MrPeibecauseofhistalentandhardwork.2.Everymotherhastherighttolivewithherchild,_herspecialposition.3._thestrongwind,themotherbirdflewofftofindfood.4.Shefrequently_Sophie,thechildshelostduringthewar.5.Theboss_Sallyssuggestion.Asaresult,hiscompanylost3,000,000thatyear.,thoughthighlyof,regardlessof,Inspiteof,thinksof,thoughtlittleof,Grammar:TheVerbTenses,一.一般现在时态（do/does式）：1.一般用法:1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g.Heoftengotothecinema.Mysisterwearsglasses.Igototheschooleveryday.2表示现在或经常性的情况或状态,e.g.Motherisill.Helikeslivinginthecountry.3表示现在的能力、特征、职业等,e.g.Hesingswell.（能力）,动词时态,Myfathergetsupearly.（习惯）MissDothyteachesEnglish.（职业）Thismachinerunssmoothly.（特征）4表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实,e.g.Summerfollowsspring.（客观规律）Theearthrunsaroundthesun.（客观规律）Fireburns.（客观事实）Knowledgeispower.（客观真理）2.特别用法:1主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.IllwritetoherwhenIhavetime.Ifwehurryup,wecancatchthebus.,Tellmeincaseyougetintodifficulty.2主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,让步状语从句和方式状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.Whateveryousay,Iwontpay.Whetheryouhelphimornot,hewillfail.NexttimeIlldoashesays.3用于“the比较级,the比较级”中,前一个用一般现在时表将来,后一个用一般现在时表将来或一般将来时,e.g.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryou（will）become.4当主句为将来时,定语从句用一般现在时表将来,eg.Illgiveyouanythingyouaskfor.Hellgiveanyone5，000whohelphimwithhisRussian,5表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g.Areyouondutynextweekend?Thetrainleavesat12:00.6在makesure（弄清楚）,makecertain（弄清楚）,mind（注意）,watch（注意）,takecare（注意,当心）becareful（注意,当心）等后的that从句中用一般现在时表将来,e.g.Wemusttakecarethatnooneseesus.Makesureyoulockthedoorbeforeyouleave.Becarefulthatyoudonthurtherfeelings.Watchthatthebabydoesntgoneartheheater.7在itdoesntmatter,Idontcare,Idontmind等结构后以及类似结构后的名词性从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g.,Itdoesntmatterwherewegoonholiday.Doesitmatterwhogoesfirst?Idontcarewhetherwewinorlose.8主句是将来完成时态,从句有bythetime所引导的从句用一般现在时表将来（主句是过去完成时态,从句有bythetime所引导的从句用一般过去时）,e.g.Bythetimehecomes,Illhaveleft.（Bythetimehecame,Ihadleft.）二.一般过去时态（did式）:1.基本用法:1表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would,usedto,e.g.Heusedtoworkbybus.,2表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:Heboughtthecomputerfiveyearsago.Itwasthenasmallfishingvillage.2.特别用法:1表客气或委婉的现在:Iwonderedifyouwerefreethisevening.Ithoughtyoumightlikesomeflowers.（注:过去进行时也可表示现在使语气更委婉、客气,eg.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift.Wewerehopingyouwouldstaywithus.能这样用的动词主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少数动词。）2一般过去时态用于某些特殊结构中表现在,这些结构主要是itstime,Iwish,Iwouldrather,ifonly,asif,asthough等:Itstimewestarted.IwishIknewhisname.Idratheryoulivedwithus.注:wouldrather等还可用一般过去时表将来.e.g.IwouldratheryoucamenextMonday.三.一般将来时（will/shall动原）:1.一般用法:一般将来时基本用法：表示单纯的将来事实，e.g.Weshallhavealotofrainnextmonth.2.表示将来时的常见用法及区别:beto/begoingto/beaboutto/bev-ing/bedueto/will/shall动原1表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事用will,e.g.-Youforgettoclosethedoor.,-Oh,Illcloseitatonce.-Annisinhospital.-Oh,really?Ididntknow.Illgoandvisither.2表示迹象表明要发生某事,则只能用begoingto,e.g.Lookatthedarkclouds.Itsgoingtorain.3begoingto还有以下用法,e.g.强调主观想法或意图:ImgoingtowashthecarifIhavetime.（注意:此时不能用bev-ing,bev-ing表示将来,主要强调已经作出的安排,e.g.Impickingyouupat6:00,dontforget.）强调某个意图是事先考虑好的:-Annisinhospital.-Yes,Iknow.Imgoingtovisithertomorrow.,4beto:命中注定的事,隐含在未来之中的事,Ithinkwearetomeetagainmanyyearslater.父母让子女,上级让下级做的事,表示命令,YouretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.表征求意见,用于问句,Arewetohandinthepapersat10:30?5beaboutto表示动作之快的将来,其后不能接时间状语,它与beonthepointofdoingsth.相似,Autumnisabouttostart.Theyareonthepointofstarting.6bedueto与时间表,旅行计划等有关,e.g.Thetrainisduetoleaveat7:00.Heisduetoleaveverysoon.四.过去将来时（would动原）与一般将来时相似。,五.现在完成时（have/hasp.p.）1.基本用法:1影响性用法:该用法表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果,e.g.Hehasleftthecity.（结果:他不在这个城市）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.（结果:窗户仍破着）2持续性用法:该用法表示一个过去发生的动作在过去并未在过去完成,而是持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g.Haveyouwaitedlong?Wehavebeenbusythisafternoon.2.用现在完成时的典型场合:,1“since过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g.Ihaventseenhersincelastweek.WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?2句中有sofar/in（for/during）thepast（last）years（months）/uptonow/untilnow等短语则句中谓语用现在完成时,e.g.Sofartherehasbeennonews.Shehasnthadanyfriendssofar.InthepasttwoyearsIveseenhimthreetimes.HehasbeeninGuangdong（for）thelastmonth.Uptonow,theworkhasbeenveryeasy.3“It/This/Thatisthefirst（second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/Thatistheonlythat从句”,或“It/This/Thatisthe最高级that从句”从句中谓语用现在完成时,e.g.It/This/ThatisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhejiang.It/This/ThatistheonlypartythatIhaveeverreallyenjoyedinmylife.It/This/ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.（注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。e.g.Ivelivedherefortenyears.（现在仍住在这儿）,Ilivedherefortenyears.（现在不住在这儿）Hehasboughtahouse.（现在已拥有这房子）Heboughtahouse.（现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）4.“havebeento地点”与“havegoneto地点”,前者表示去过某地,说话的时候已不在去过的地方,现在在对方的身边,而后者表示说话的时候,去某地的人不在场,可能到达某地,也可能在去某地的路上,反正不在说话者的身边。e.g.HehasbeentoParisthreetimes.HehasgonetoParis.六.过去完成时（hadp.p.）1.基本用法:既表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,也表示从某一较早的过去动作持续到一个较迟的过去的,动作,e.g.HehadleftwhenIarrived.Bysixoclockhehadworkedtwelvehours.用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去为曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.（Imeanttohavecome,butsomethinghappened.）Ihadintendedtospeakatthemeeting,buttimedidntpermit.（Iintendedtohavespokenatthemeeting,buttimedidntpermit.）这种用法在不定式里已讲过。,3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:1“It/This/Thatwasthefirst（second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/Thatwastheonlythat从句”或“It/This/Thatwasthe最高级that从句”从句中谓语用过去完成时。2by（theendof）过去时间,句中谓语用过去完成时,e.g.Wehadlearnt3,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.By8:00a.m.yesterday,wehadarrivedthepark.3bythetime一般过去式,主句中谓语用过去完成时,e.g.Bythetimehecameback,wehadrepairedthemachine.4Nosoonerhad主语p.p.than一般过去,时/Hardlyhad主语p.p.when一般过去时/Scarcelyhad主语p.p.when/before一般过去时/Barelyhad主语p.p.before一般过去时e.g.Nosoonerhadhegonetothegardenthanhissonwenttoplaywithhisclassmates.Hardlyhadheheardthenewswhenhecried.七.现在进行时（bev-ing）:1.基本用法:表示说话人在说话时正在进行的动作,或不断重复的动作或目前这个阶段（不一定是说话的时候）正在进行的动作,e.g.Werehavingameeting.（说话时正在进行的动作）Heisteachinginaschool.（目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）,2.现在进行时表示将来,主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g.Imleavingtomorrow.Theyaregettingmarriednextweek.注:现在进行时表示将来,其计划性较强,并往往暗示一种意图,而一般现在时态表示将来,除特殊的从句用一般现在时态表示将来,一般其客观性较强,多指按时刻表或规定要发生的事情,e.g.Imnotgoingoutthisevening.Whattimedoesthetrainleave?3.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly/continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g.Shesalwayshelpingothers.,Shesconstantlychanginghermind.4.动词be的现在进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g.Sheisfoolish.（生性如此）Sheisbeingfoolish.（一时的表现）能这样用的形容词多为angry,careful,clever,stupid,kind,brave,friendly,rude,polite等动态形容词。八.过去进行时（was/werev-ing）1.一般用法:表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying.2.过去进行时表示现在,主要使语气更委婉、客气,eg.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift.Wewerehopingyouwouldstaywithus.能这样用的动词主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少数动词。,3.过去进行时与always/forever/constantly/continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g.Shesalwayshelpingothers.Theywerealwaysquarrelling.4.动词be的过去进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g.Shewasfriendly.（生性如此）Shewasbeingfriendly.（一时的表现）九.将来进行时（will/shallbev-ing）1.基本用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,e.g.WhenIgethomeat9:00tomorrow,mysonwillbewatchingTV.,2.表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g.Illbetakingmyholidayssoon.WellbevisitingLondonnextweek.3.用于问句,表客气或委婉的语气.e.g.Willyoubehavingsometea?Whenwillyoubepayingbackmymoney?十.将来完成时（will/shallhavep.p.）1.基本用法:既表示到将来某一时间为止势必会完成的动作或预计要完成的动作,e.g.Whenwegetthere,shellhavegonetowork.2.by（theendof）将来时间,句中谓语用将来完成时,e.g.Wewillhavelearnt3,000wordsbytheendofnextterm.,By8:00a.m.tomorrow,wewillhavearrivedthepark.3.bythetime一般现在时,主句中谓语用将来完成时,e.g.Bythetimehecomesback,wewillhaverepairedthemachine.4.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g.IllgowithyouwhenIhavefinishedmywork.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。十一.现在完成进行时（have/hasbeenv-ing）1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g.Ithasbeenrainingsincetwodaysago.,2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:1现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时表示一个正在进行的动作,e.g.Ihavereadthebook.Ihavebeenreadingthebook.2现在完成时只陈述一个事实,但现在完成进行时可表示感情色彩,e.g.Ihavewaitedthreehours.Ihavebeenwaitingthreehours.（等得好辛苦）3现在完成进行时常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,而现在完成时谈论延续较长的动作或情况,甚至永久情况,e.g.HehaslivedinParis.HehasbeenlivinginParis.,十二.过去将来完成时（wouldhavep.p.）表示在过去看来将来某个时候已经完成的动作,e.g.Shesaidshewouldhavefinishedherexamsbythen.强化训练:1.（2005湖南）SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning2.（2005北京）Assoonashecomesback,Illtellhimwhen_andseehim.A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome3.（2005江西）-Hurryup！AliceandSuearewaiting,D,A,foryouattheschoolgate.-Oh！Ithoughtthey_withoutme.A.wentB.aregoingC.havegoneD.hadgone4.（2005江苏）They_ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe_itasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking,arestillworkingB.hadworked,werestillworkingC.havebeenworking,haveworkedD.haveworked,arestillworking5.（2005辽宁）Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidntwantherparentstoknowwhatshe_.A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.wasdoingD.isdoing,D,A,C,6.（2005安徽）Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe_,withoutundressing.A.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.hadlied7.（2005上海）Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent8.（2005山东）Thecountrylifeheisusedto_greatlysince1992.A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged9.（2005湖北）Whentheoldman_towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_itselfbehindthemountains.A.started,hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted,hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted,washidingD.wasstarting,hid,B,B,B,A,10.（2005天津）BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left11.（2004湖南）Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_advertisementshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseen12.（2004湖南）-IhearJanshasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.-Oh,hownice！Doyouknowwhenshe_?A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left13.（2003）Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown,C,A,D,C,14.（2002）Youhaventsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?-ImsorryI_anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkitsprettyonyou.A.wasntsayingB.dontsayC.wontsayD.didntsay15.（2001）I_ping-pongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyearA.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play16.（2001）Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchanged,D,D,A,17.（2000）Youveleftthelighton.-Oh,soIhave._andturnitoff.A.IllgoB.IvegoneC.IgoD.Imgoing18.（2000）ThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel19.（1999）-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing！-Oh,Imterriblysorry._.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnotnoticingC.IhaventnoticedD.Idontnotice20.（1998）-Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe_！A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised,A,A,B,B,21.（1998）Shirley_abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting22.（1997）IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthattime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked23.（1997）-Isthisraincoatyours?-No,mine_therebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung24.（1997）-WhoisJerryCooper?-_?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.DontyoumeethimyetB.HadntyoumethimyetC.DidntyoumeethimyetD.Haventyoumethimyet,D,B,A,D,25.（1996）-CanIhelpyou?-Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_.A.didntworkB.wontworkC.cantworkD.doesntwork26.（1996）-_Myglasses?-Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen27.（1996）Hellen_herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft,comesB.left,hadcomeC.hadleft,cameD.hadleft,wouldcome28.（1995）-Yourphonenumberagain?I_quitecatchit.-Its9568442.A.didntB.cou