国际贸易术语ppt课件

,ChapterFive,InternationalTradeTerms,theimportanceoftradetermsthedefinitionofIncotermsthemostfrequentlyusedtradetermshowtousevarioustradetermsininternationaltrade,Attheendofthischapter,youshouldbeabletounderstand:,1,TheContentsofChapter5,1.InternationalTradeTerms2.IntroductiontoIncoterms20003.UseofIncoterms4.TheStructureofIncoterms20005.ModesofTransportofIncoterms6.NotesonIncoterms7.TheMostFrequentlyUsedTradeTerms,2,1.Whataretradeterms?2.Whyshouldtradetermsbeusedininternationaltrade?,Questions,3,Overview,Intheinternationalsaleofgoods,itisofgreatimportancetodeterminetheresponsibilitiesandobligationsofboththesellerandbuyer.Inordertomakedefinitetheobligations,risksandcostsofthetwopartiesinthetransferofthegoods,thebuyerandseller,duringbusinessnegotiation,mustadoptacertaintradeterm,whichisadispensablepartofthecontractfortheinternationalsaleofgoods,becausetradetermsaredirectlyrelatedtothepricesofcommodities.Therefore,itisessentialforthepeopleengagedininternationaltradetounderstandandmastervariouskindsoftradetermsthatareinuniversaluseininternationaltradeandrelevantinternationaltradepracticessothattheycanchoosethemtotheirownadvantage,4,l.InternationalTradeTermsnsofPacking,Tradeterms,alsoreferredtoas“priceterms”or“deliveryterms”,standforspecificobligationsofthebuyerandtheseller.,Keyelementsofsalecontracts:deliveryterms(carriageofthegoodsfromthesellertothebuyeranddivisionofcostsandrisksbetweentheparties);priceterms(stipulatingwhatareincludedinthepricethebuyerpaidtotheseller,e.g.cost,freight,insurance,exportandimportclearancefees,etc.);deliveryobligations(whatdocumentsshouldthesellerprovide,e.g.billoflading,insurancepolicy,etc.).,UnitPrice:US$100perM/TCIFNewYork,5,Tradetermsareabbreviationsusedtoindicatetheformationoftheunitpriceanddeterminetheresponsibilities,expensesandrisksbornebytwopartiesaswellasthetimeofthepassingofthepropertyinthegoods.Examples:,USD100perM/TCIFC3NewYorkEUR750perdozenCFRLondon,TradeTerms,6,LinksandLiabilities,Thevariouslinksandliabilitiesmightaddtothecostandhencetothepriceofgoods.Productionormanufactureorpurchaseofthegoods;Storage,freightfromtheproductionsite,purchasesiteorstoragesitetotheport,orinlanddelivery,etc.Exportcustomsclearance,exportcommoditiesinspection,exportlicenseandformalities;Loadinglighter;Insurance;Marinetransportationormaincarriage;UnloadinglighterImportlicense,importcustomsclearance,importcommodityinspection;Landtransportationfromtheporttothedeliveryspot.,7,InternationalTradePracticesRegardingTradeTerms,1.WarsawOxfordRules19321932年华沙牛津规则CIF买卖合同的统一规则2.RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions19411941年美国对外贸易定义修正本3.INCOTERMS2000国际贸易术语解释通则,8,2.IntroductiontoIncoterms2000,9,10,Notimpliedintocontractsforthesaleofgoods.SpecificallyincludetheminthecontractwhenusingIncoterms,Further,yourcontractshouldexpresslyrefertotherulesofinterpretationasdefinedinthelatestrevisionofIncoterms.Ensuretheproperapplicationofthetermsbyadditionalcontractprovisions.Incaseofadispute,courtsandarbitratorswilllookat:1)thesalescontract,2)whohaspossessionofthegoods,and3)whatpayment,ifany,hasbeenmade.,3.UseofIncoterms,11,IncotermsDo.,Incoterms2000maybeincludedinasalescontractifthepartiesdesirethefollowing:Tocompleteasaleofgoods.Toindicateeachcontractingpartyscosts,risks,andobligationswithregardtodeliveryofthegoodsasfollows:Toestablishbasictermsoftransportanddeliveryinashortformat.,12,IncotermsDoNot.,Notsufficientontheirowntoexpressthefullintentoftheparties.Theywillnot:Applytocontractsforservices.Definecontractualrightsandobligationsotherthanfordelivery.Specifydetailsofthetransfer,transport,anddeliveryofthegoods.Determinehowtitletothegoodswillbetransferred.Protectapartyfromhis/herownriskofloss.Coverthegoodsbeforeorafterdelivery.Definetheremediesforbreachofcontract.,13,4.TheStructureofIncoterms2000,14,SellerA1-A10BuyerB1-B10A1ProvisionofgoodsinconformitywiththecontractA2Licenses,authorizationandformalitiesA3ContractofcarriageandinsuranceA4DeliveryA5TransferofrisksB1PaymentofthepriceA6DivisionofCostsA7NoticetothebuyerA8Proofofdelivery,transportdocumentorequivalentelectronicmessageA9Checking,packaging,markingA10Otherobligations,TherespectiveobligationsofthepartiesunderallthetermsofIncoterms2000,B1PaymentofthepriceB2Licenses,authorizationandformalitiesB3ContractsofcarriageB4TakingdeliveryB5TransferofrisksB6DivisionofcostsB7NoticeofthesellerB8Proofofdelivery,transportdocumentorequivalentelectronicmessageB9InspectionofgoodsB10Otherobligations,15,卖方义务买方义务A1提供符合合同的货物B1支付货款A2许可证、核准书和手续B2许可证、核准书和手续A3运输和保险合同B3运输合同A4交付货物B4收取货物A5风险转移B5风险转移A6费用划分B6费用划分A7通知买方B7通知卖方A8交货证明、运输单据或具B8交货证明、运输单据或具有同等效力的电子信息有同等效力的电子信息A9检验、包装、标记B9货物检验A10其他义务B10其他义务,2000年通则规定的买卖双方的义务,16,Allmodesoftransportincludingmultimodaltransport,.,EXWFCACPTCIPDAFDDUDDP,5ModesofTransportofIncoterms,Seaandinlandwaterwaytransport,FASFOBCFRCIFDESDEQ,17,UnderlyingContract(2)EXWandFCA(3)EDI(4)InsurableInterest(5)CustomsofthePortorTrade(6)PrecisePointofDelivery(7)ExportandImportCustomsClearance(8)AddedWording(9)Packing(10)Inspection(11)PassingofRisksandCosts,6,6.NotesonIncoterms,18,PassingofrisksandcostsunderINCOTERMS2000,19,PassingofrisksandcostsunderINCOTERMS2000,20,FOB,CFRandCIFarethethreetraditionaltradetermsthatarewidelyusedininternationaltrade.Withthedevelopmentoftransportationtechnology,FCA,CPTandCIPhavealsodevelopedbasedonFOB,CFRandCIF.Theformerthreetradetermsapplytooceancarriagewhereasthelatterthreecanbeusedforallmodesoftransport,butareparticularlysuitableforcontainertransportandallformsofmultimodaltransport.Thesetermsareuniversallyusedininternationaltrade.,7.TheMostFrequentlyUsedTradeTerms,21,1.FOB(FreeonBoard)(namedportofshipment),Definition:Thesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheshipsrailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.,22,BuyersobligationsB1PaymentofthepriceB2Licenses,authorizationandformalitiesB3ContractsofcarriageandinsuranceB4TakingdeliveryB5TransferofrisksB6DivisionofcostsB7NoticeofthesellerB8Inspectionofgoods,SellersobligationsA1ProvisionofgoodsinconformitywiththecontractA2Licenses,authorizationandformalitiesA3DeliveryA4TransferofrisksA5DivisionofCostsA6NoticetothebuyerA7Proofofdelivery,transportdocumentorequivalentelectronicmessageA8Checking,packaging,marking,ObligationsofthepartiesunderFOB,23,VariationsofFOBTermAstheloadingofthegoodsisacontinuousprocess,sometimesitishardtousetheshipsrailasapointtodivideresponsibilitiesandcosts.Toavoiddispute,thereareseveralderivedpriceterms:FOBLinerTermsFOBUnderTackleFOBStowedFOBTrimmed,FOB班轮条件（FOBlinerterms）：装船费用由支付运费的买方负担；FOB吊钩下交货（FOBundertackle）：从货物被轮船吊钩起吊开始的装船费用由买方负担；FOB包括理舱（FOBstowed,FOBS）：卖方负担将货物装入船舱并包括理舱费在内的装船费用。FOB包括平舱（FOBtrimmed,FOBT）卖方负担将货物装入船舱并包括平舱费在内的装船费用。,24,2.CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)(namedportofdestination),Definition:Thesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheshipsrailintheportofshipment.Thesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination.Buttheriskoflossordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimeofdelivery,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.However,inCIFtheselleralsohastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyersriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Consequently,thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaysinsurancepremium.,25,ObligationsofthepartiesunderCIF,SellersobligationsA1ProvisionofgoodsinconformitywiththecontractA2Licenses,authorizationandformalitiesA3ContractsofcarriageandinsuranceA4DeliveryA5TransferofrisksA6DivisionofCostsA7NoticetothebuyerA8Proofofdelivery,transportdocumentorequivalentelectronicmessageA9Checking,packaging,marking,BuyersobligationsB1PaymentofthepriceB2Licenses,authorizationandformalitiesB3TakingdeliveryB4TransferofrisksB5DivisionofcostsB6NoticetothesellerB7Proofofdelivery,transportdocumentorequivalentelectronicmessageB8Inspectionofgoods,26,VariationsofCIFTerms,CIFLinerTerms(CIF班轮条件)Itdenotesthattheloadingandunloadingchargesaremetbytheshippingcompanyorspecificallytheexporter.CIFLanded(CIF卸到岸上)Itmeansthatunloadingcosts,includingligherageandwharfagearebornebytheexporter.CIFEx-shipshold(CIF舱底交货)Itstatesthattheimporterpaysfortheunloadingcharges.,27,3.CFR(CostandFreight)(namedportofdestination),Definition:Thesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheshipsrailintheportofshipment.Thesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestinationbuttheriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimeofdelivery,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.TheCFRtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.,ThedifferencebetweenCIFandCFR：UnderCFR,thesellerisnotobligatedtoarrangemarineinsuranceagainsttheriskoflossof,ordamageto,thegoodsintransit.Thebuyerisobligatedtoarrangeinsuranceandpaytheinsurancepremium.,28,ThenatureofperformanceofaCIFcontract,Itissaleofdocumentsratherthangoods.ThreestagesofdeliveryinaCIFcontract,i.e.“provisionaldelivery”onshipment,“symbolicaldelivery”ontenderofthedocuments,and“completedelivery”whenthegoodsarehandedovertothebuyer,Thecontractualobligationofdeliveryissatisfiedjustbydeliveryofdocumentsandnotbyactualphysicaldeliveryofthegoods.Thebuyercannotrefusethedocumentsandaskfortheactualgoods,norcanthesellerwithholdthedocumentsandtenderthegoodstheyrepresent.Onpresentationoftheshippingdocuments,iftheyarecompleteandregular,thebuyerisboundtopaytheprice,irrespectiveofthearrivalofthegoods.Whateverhappenstothegoodsintransit,thebillofladingandtheinsurancepolicyprovideanalmostcomplete,continuouscoverfromtheportofshipmenttotheportofdestination.,29,Follow-upPractice,1ReviewandDiscussionQuestions1)Whataretradeterms?Whyaretheyusedininternationaltrade?2)hatisthemeaningofIncoterms?WhatisthesignificanceofusingIncoterms?3)WhatarethebenefitsoforganizingthetermsinIncoterms2000intofourbasicgroups?4)WhatarethedifferencesbetweenFOBandCFR?5)Whydoesanexportpriceneedtocontainameasuringunit,unitprice,employedcurrencyandtradeterm?6)WhyisitadvisabletouseCIFinexportanduseFOBinimport?,30,2MatchthetradetermsunderINCOTERMS2000withtheirChineseequivalents,a.EXW(EXWorks)1.船边交货b.FAS(FreeAlongsideShip)2.运费付至c.FCA(FreeCarrier)3.目的港船上交货d.FOB(FreeOnBoard)4.未完税交货e.CFR(CostandFreight)5.工厂交货f.CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)6.货交承运人g.CPT(CarriagePaidTo)7.运费、保险费付至h.CIP(CarriageandInsurancePaidTo)8.装运港船上交货i.DAF(DeliveredAtFrontier)9.成本加运费j.DES(DeliveredExShip)10.目的港码头交货k.DEQ(DeliveredExQuay)11.完税后交货l.DDU(DeliveredDutyUnpaid)12.边境交货m.DDP(DeliveredDutyPaid)13.成本、保险费加运费,31,3Describethedifferencesandsimilaritiesofthefollowingthreetradetermsandcompletethetablebelow.,32,.4Choosetherightanswerfromeachofthefollowing.,1)Incotermsareastandardsetoftermsandabbreviationsdevelopedby_.A.theInternationalLawAssociationB.theInternationalChamberofCommerceC.theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentD.theUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw2)Intheinternationaltradepracticesregardingtradeterms,whichofthefollowingisthemostinfluentialandwidelyused_.A.HagueRules海牙规则B.Warsaw-OxfordRules1932C.RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941D.Incoterms3)INCOTERMS2000includes_tradeterms.A.6B.12C13D.144)Asfarasriskstakenbythesellerareconcerned,A.CIFisbiggerthanCFR.B.CIFisasthesameasCFR.C.CFRisbiggerthanCIF.D.FOBisbiggerthanCFR.5)ThetermFOBshouldbefollowedby:A.pointoforiginB.portofimportationC.portofdischargeD.portofexportation,33,6)ThetermCIFshouldbefollowedby:A.pointoforiginB.portofshipmentC.portofdestinationD.portofexportation7)ThetermCFRshouldbefollowedby:A.pointoforiginB.portofshipmentC.portofdestinationD.portofexportation8)ThetermEXWshouldbefollowedby:A.pointoforiginB.portofshipmentC.portofimportationD.portofexportation9)ThetermDAFshouldbefollowedby:A.pointoforiginB.portofimportationC.placeofdestinationD.portofshipment10)ThetermFASshouldbefollowedby:A.pointoforiginB.portofdestinationC.portofshipmentD.portofexportation,34,11)ThetermDESshouldbefollowedby:A.pointoforiginB.portofshipmentC.portofexportationD.portofdestination12)ThetermDEQshouldbefollowedby:A.pointoforiginB.portofloadingC.portofdestinationD.portofshipment13)ThetermFCAshouldbefollowedbyA.pointoforiginB.sellersplaceofshipmentC.buyersplaceofshipmentD.buyersrailwaystation14)ThetermDDPshouldbefollowedby:A.pointoforiginB.portofshipmentC.portofbuyerspremiseD.placeofdestination15)Whichofthefollowingpricesquotediscorrect?A.US$1000perM/TCIFUSAB.US$200pertonCIFC3NewYorkC.US$150percaseCIFD.US$100perdoz.CIFC3NewYork,35,5.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.,1)Iftheselleragreestodeliverthegoodstoaship,butnottopayforloadingthem,thetermisFOB.()2)UnderFOB,thesellermustbearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedtheshipsrailatthenamedportofshipment.()3)TheonlydifferencebetweenCFRandCIFisthatunderaCFRcontractthebuyermustpurchaseamarineinsurancecontracttocoverthegoodswhiletheyareonthevoyage.()4)UnderCFR,thesellermustpaytheusualfreightrateandanyadditionalcoststhatariseenroute.()5)ThetermsFOB,CFRandCIFareapplicabletoallmodesoftransport.()6)DAFisonlyadoptedwhentwocountrieshaveland-connectedborderline.()7)Eachtermhasa“liabilitypoint”,whichmeansthatcostsandrisksareallmovedovertoanotherpartyfromthatverypoint.()8)EXWcontractiscalledphysicaldeliverywhileCFRis“symbolicdelivery”.()9）CFRstatesthattheexporterisobligatedtomakeallnecessaryarrangementstoshipthegoodsallthewayfromtheexporterspremisestothenamedportofdebarkation.()10）UnderCIFtheselleralsohastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyersriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.(),36,CaseStudy,AChineseexportersignedaCFRcontractwithanimporterinAmericaoncann