人教版高一英语必修4unit2grammer 定语从句ppt课件.ppt

theAttributiveClause(定语从句),定语从句：是指在复合句中，修饰或的从句.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“”.引导定语从句的词叫“”,基础知识,名词,代词,先行词,关系词,引导定语从句的关系词,指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因,who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy,关系代词,关系副词,基础知识,关系代词用法,人物,主宾,主宾,主宾,宾语,定语,人,人,人物,物,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,amachine,themachine,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,amachine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,that/who/whom,Thegirl,注意避免重复,一Warmingup,二当先行词为物时只用that的情况,三当先行词为人时只用that的情况,四当先行词为人时，只用who的情况,七介词加which结构,九注意及特例,八非限定性定语从句,五先行词为一些特定的词时,六先行词为地点或时间名词时,十.Exercise,Warmingup,Pleasemakesentenceswiththepicturesandthegivenkeywords,usingtheattributiveclauses.,aboyhasascarforehead,HarryPorterisaboywho/thathasascaronhisforehead.,Beijing,Beijingisthecitywhere/inwhichthe2008OlympicGameswillbeheld.,2008,thecity,Oct.1,1949thedayfound,Oct.1,1949isthedaywhen/onwhichthePRCwasfounded.,Yiningisacitywhere/inwhichpeoplearelivinghappily.,Yining,acity,peoplelivehappily,Indonesia/oneofthecounties/hit/tsunami,Indonesiaisoneofthecountriesthatwerehitbythetsunami.,tsunami,Heisthemanwhotaughtushowtobeasoldier.,先行词,关系词,Toleadtheclause,Toactasonepartoftheclause,Heisthemanwhotaughtushowtobeasoldier.,BriefIntroduction,一,有下列情形之一者，宜用that,1.all,everything,anything,nothing,few,little,much,any,theone等不定代词作先行词。,2.先行词前有all,no,every,some,any,little,much,few等修饰时。,eg.Allthebooks_havebeenselectedareuseful.,that,3.先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。,eg.Thisisnottheonlyapple_hasrottenaway.,that,4.先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。,All_canbedonehasbeendone.,that,1.Thatsthemostexpensivehotel_weveeverstayedin.,2.Thefirstthing_shouldbedoneistogetthetickets.,that,that,5先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时。,theyspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformances_theysawattheChildrensPalace.,that,6.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。,Ourvillageisnolongertheplace_itusedtobe.,that,7.主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句。,eg.Whichistheroom_Mr.Wanglivesin?,that,二,有下列情形之一者，宜用which,而不用that,1.在非限定性定语从句中的用法CarolsaidtheworkshouldbedonebyOctober,_personally,Idoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which,D,【解题技巧】：非限定性定语从句主要是对前面的内容进行补充说明，而关系代词which可以引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，可以代替上句的意思。注意：that不可以引导非限定性定语从句。,eg：WhoisthemanthatistalkingwithMr.Black?,was.,=usedtobe.,eg：Heisntthecleverboythathe,当关系代词在从句中作表语时只用that,由who引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复只用that,当先行词为人时只用that的情况,Thereisamanwhoisstealing.,eg:那儿有个偷东西的人。,在therebe句型中，先行词为人只用who,eg：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.,.先行词为one，ones，anyone，those，he时，只用who,当先行词为人时，只用who的情况,当先行词被thesame修饰时，填that或as,Hewearsthesamehat_Iboughtlastyear.,Thisisthesamehat_Ilostlastyear.,当先行词被such,so修饰时，用as,twohats(两顶帽子比较),onlyonehat(就是那顶丢失的帽子),eg：Dontreadsuchbooksasyoucantunderstand.,as,that,先行词为一些特定的词时,youtoldme?,3.theway作先行词：,你就是以这种方式在会上讲话的吗？,youspokeatthemeeting?,Isthistheway,inwhich/that/-,which/that/-,宾语状语,which/that/-,inwhich/that/-,4.thereason作先行词：,hegaveforhisbeinglate.,hecamelate.,eg：Thisisthereason,why/forwhich,which/that/-,宾语状语,which/that/-,why/forwhich,5先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系,=ofwhichthedoor,=thedoorofwhich,Theyliveinahousewhosedoorisblue.,eg:他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。,=ofwhomthedaughter,=thedaughterofwhom,eg:Heisthelawyerwhosedaughterwentabroad.,_youstayedduringthevacation?,Isthisthevillage_leftyouadeepimpression?,1当先行词为地点名词时，关系词有三种可能,where=prep.+which,which/that/-,which/that,主语,宾语,状语,_youlivedin?,_youcantforget?,which/that,which/that/-,where/inwhich,which/that/-,(作in的宾语),先行词为地点或时间名词时,Yesterdayistheday_youcanneverforget.,2先行词为时间名词时:,Illrememberthedays_Ispentinthetown.,_welivedtogether.,which/that/-,when/inwhich,eg:昨天是你念念不忘的一天。,when=prep.+which,which/that/-,宾语状语,which/that/-,theday_welivedtogether.,when/onwhich,thedate_welivedtogether.,onwhich,_whichtherearefewnewwords.,_whichtheyaretalking.,_whichIlearnedalot.,_whichIpaid8yuan.,Thisisthebook_whichIspent8yuan.,on,for,from,about,in,_whomIworkedinthefactory.,_whomIcanturnforhelp.,_whomIlearntalot.,_whomthebookwaswritten.,Heistheperson_whomyouwillwrite.,Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargest_whichisTaiwan.,of,to,by,from,to,with,(turntosb.forhelp),介词加which结构,Ihavelotsoffriends,andsomeof_arefriendly.,Thisistheriver,_weoftenhaveawalk.,_abridgewasbuilt.,_thereisaboat.,by/beside,onwhich,over/acrosswhich,alongwhich,_whichthereisafactory.,Ihavelotsoffriends.Someof_arefriendly.,Ihavelotsoffriends,some/noneof_arefriendly.,whom,them,them,他将去北京看望妻子，她在北京工作,（没有逗号翻译成：他将去看望在北京工作的那个妻子）,Non-restrictiveattributiveclause(非限定性定语从句),特征:用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用，译成两句话,Hewillgotoseehiswife,whoisinBeijing.,Hepassedtheexam,whichmakesmehappy.,非限定性定语从句,Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.,一注意：,有些固定的短语介词不提前含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。,Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.,Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.,（F）,（T）,注意及特例,注意主谓一致Thefamily,which_goingtomove,arebuyingtickets.who_(love)music,arebuyingtickets.,Anyonewho_(want)toseethefilmshouldpayforit.Thosewho_(want)toseethefilmshouldpayforit.,is,love,wants,want,Iwho_yourfriend,willalwaysbackyouup.,Themanagerisoneofthepeoplewho_goingtogetprizes.theonlyoneofthepeoplewho_goingto,am,are,is,关系代词as在非限制性定语从句中指代整件事，充当从句中的主语或者宾语，翻译为“正如”。,1.Asisknowntoall,youhavegot2prizesinthemilitarytraining.,2.Asisexpected,hemarriedHelen.,Shehasthesamebookasyouhave.,s的用法,3.Asweallknow,heisafamousscientist.,As引导限制性定语从句时，经常和thesame,such,as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。,Thisissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.,as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，可以使用被动语态，而which引导定语从句不能放在句首.as译为正如，which则没有此义。,s和which,1._everyoneknows,itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown.2.Itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown,_iscleartous.3.Ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting,_isknownbyus.,As,as/which,as,1.Watchthegirlandherdog_arecrossingthebridge!,whichB.whoC.theyD.that,D,Exercise,2.Heistheonlyoneofthethree_gotthenewidea.A.whohaveB.whomhaveC.whohasD.whosehad,3.Asateacher,Iseldomgivemystudentssodifficultaproblem_theycannotworkout.A.thatB.ifC.inorderthatD.as,4._weknownow,bats(蝙蝠)comeoutatnight.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.What,5.Intheschoolthereareonethousandstudents,and45%of_aregirls.A.whichB.thoseC.whomD.them,6.Thereason_hedidntdohishomewo