语法 被动语态 课件.ppt

动词的被动语态（PassiveVoice）,安福中学彭小清,Abicyclewasboughtforhim(byhisfather.)（被动语态）Hewasboughtabicyclefor(byhisfather.)（被动语态）1、被动语态的构成英语的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动态是无标记的，而被动态则是有标记的。,概述：语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,Hisfatherboughthimabicycle,他父亲给他买了一辆自行车。（主动语态）,被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：,注：构成被动语态的助动词除be以外，还有get、become、feel.eg：Hewasangrybecausehedidntgetinvited.Becauseofanaccident,theroadbecameblocked.Theygotlostintheforestwithouttakingamapalong.比较：bedone/getdoneeg：Threehoursagohegotcaughtinatrafficjam,andbynowhehasbeencaughtinitforthreehours.2、被动语态的用法被动语态主要用于以下场合：不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者时。如：印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.,中华人民共和国建于1949年。ThePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身而不必指明谁是动作的执行者时。如：受伤者在医院治疗后被获准回家。Theinjuredwereallowedhomeaftertreatment.终于达成了一项协议。Atlastanagreementwasarrivedat.为了强调动作的执行者而用by修饰时。如：窗子是住在隔壁的男孩打破的。Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboywholivesnextdoor.,这些歌通常是女孩子唱的。Suchsongsareusuallysungbygirls.在文章标题、广告、新闻等中。如：招女工。Girlswanted.(广告标题，省略了助动词are。)据说她到国外学习过。Itissaidthathestudiedabroad.众所周知，光比声音传播的速度快。Itisknowntousallthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.据报道地震已造成许多伤亡。Itisreportedthatmanypeoplehavebeenlostintheearthquake.当动作的执行者不是人时。如：我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。Wewereshockedbythenewsofhisdeath.这样的东西只有动物才吃。Suchthingsareonlyeatenbyanimals.,被动意义的其他表示法,英语的被动意义除了用被动语态表示外，还能用其他方法表示。下面简略介绍几种：1、不及物动词主动形式表被动含义英语中有些动词能以主动态表示被动含义。这类情况可分为以下两种：用动词的非进行式表示被动含义。在这种句子中的主语通常是表示物的词，而且这种物总是具有某种内在的特点，能促使动词所表示的动作得以实现或难以实现。如：wash、sell、lock、write、open、print、read、etc这布料很耐洗。Theclothwashesverywell.成熟了的苹果容易采摘。Ripeapplespickeasily.,这门锁不上。Thedoorwontlock.那不值得考虑。Thatdoesntcount.用动词的进行式表示被动含义。这种句子主语都指物，主要用于某些日常用语或行业专门用语。如：肉正在煮。Themeatiscooking.这本书正在装订。Thebookisbinding.2、动名词主动形式表被动含义在beworthdoing句型中表示被动含义。如：这本书值得一读。Thebookisworthreading.,在need，want，require等后的动名词表示被动含义：如:我的表需要修理了。Mywatchneedsrepairing.-Mywatchneedstoberepaired.3、不定式主动形式表被动含义在tooto句型中有时有被动含义。如：它们太好了，但目前用不上。Theyaretoonicetousejustatpresent.不定式作定语修饰名词做give,have,buy,lend,want等动词的宾馆，且句中有不定式的逻辑主语时，有时有被动含义。如：我有许多事情要做。Ihavealotofworktodo.请给我一点东西吃。Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.,有些形容词后的不定式有被动含义。如easy,difficult,light,heavy,fit,nice,pleasant,important,dangerous等。这道数学题容易解。Themathsproblemiseasytosolve.这个小城镇在地图上很难找到。Thesmalltownisdifficulttofindonthemap.4、半系动词主动形式表被动含义半系动词如feel,taste,smell,prove,sound,remain等的主动形式也可表示被动含义。如：这衣料质地柔软。Theclothfeelssoft.这汤味道好。Thissouptastesgood.这油漆气味难闻。Thepaintsmellsbad.,这些动词都不能改用进行体表示，若用进行体表示，则表示主动含义。试比较：主动含义被动含义Imfeelingthecloth.Theclothfeelssoft.Imtastingthissoup.Thissouptastesgood.Imsmellingthepaint.Thepaintsmellsbad.5、某些介词词组表示被动含义表示被动含义的介词词组通常是以带有动词意义的名词作介词宾语的。如：Heisunderarrest.他已被捕。Orangesareonsale.桔子在出售。Thequestionisunderdiscussion.问题在讨论之中。Thesituationisundercontrol.局势在掌控之中.,Theboytoldmotherthathishomeworkwouldhavebeenfinishedbytenoclock.,Agreatdealofwaterisusedinthiscity.,一、请标出下列句子中，使用了被动语态的动词,Thesportsmeetwasheldinourcitylastyear.,Manybuildingswillbebuiltinmyhometown.,Amodernhospitalisbeingbuiltnearourschool.,WhenwewenttoseeMrWu,hewasbeingoperatedon.,RecentlythepriceofTvsetshasbeencut.,Havethelettersbeenposted?,Hecameandtoldusthattheworkhadbeenfinished.,Bytheendofthisyear,thetallbuildingwillhavebeenbuilt.,二、选择:AllthecolourTVsetsoutbeforewearrived.A.aresoldB.havebeensoldC.willbesoldD.hadbeensoldTheproblemsnow.A.arediscussedB.arediscussingC.arebeingdiscussedD.isgoingtodiscussthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.IwastoldD.ItoldCleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetbythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay,D,C,A,C,Hecancertainlybuyanewhouseifmorenextyear.A.willbebuiltB.arebuiltC.havebuiltD.builtMaryrealizedshe.A.wasbeingmadefunofB.wasmadefunC.wasmakingfunofD.wasbeingmadefunPropercaresuchthings.A.shouldbetakenB.shouldtakeofC.shouldbetakenofD.shouldbetakingYouinpoorhealthifyoudontgoinforsports.A.remainB.willremainC.areremainedD.willberemainedAsinothercountries,thecitiesofChinawereusuallywherethey.A.found,needB.founded,wereneededC.founded,neededD.found,needed,B,A,C,B,B,B,三、改错1、Aftersometime,shewasprovedherselftobegoodattypewriting.2、Whenthespeakerenteredthehall,allthelistenershadseated.3、Sheissuchashygirlthatshealwayskeepssilentunlessspoken.4、Eachofthetravelersfounditwasfeltsogoodtoswiminthesea.5、Youwontrecognizetheoldschoolbecausegreatchangeshavebeentakenplacethere.6、Atlast,Mybrothergotthehousebelongedtohim.7、Becauseoftheenergycrisis,petrolhasbeensoldwellsincethewarofIraq.,去was,改为were,在spoken后加to,去was,去been,改为belonging,改为selling,四、Translatethefollowingsentences（翻译）1、李明被认为是我们班最好的学生之一。LiMingisconsideredtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.2、病人应立即送往医院。Thepatientsshouldbesenttothehospitalatonce.3、这本书明年完