同位语从句课件.ppt

Unit5Grammar,同位语从句,NounClausesastheappositive,Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrothers.HetoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.YesterdayItalkedtomyEnglishteacher,Mr.James.WeChinesepeoplearebraveandhardworkingHeisinterestedinsports,especiallyballgames.,什么是同位语？,一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。,同位语,1.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.2.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.3.WordcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.4.Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.,观察下列句子划红线的部分。,上面句子划红线的部分在句中作名词的同位语从句，对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。你能找出它们所解释的名词吗？,1.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.2.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.3.WordcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.4.Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.,Thenews,idea,Word,thequestion,同位语从句,1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明名词的具体内容。,3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief/theory/decision/discovery/problem/evidence/opinion/information/suggestion/conclusion/4.连词that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how,一正确运用同位语从句的引导词,如果同位语从句意义完整应用that引导同位语从句,如果同位语从句意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义应用whether引导同位语从句,如果同位语从句意义不完整需增加“什么事情”“什么时候”“什么地点”“什么方式”等的含义时应用what/when/where/why/how引导同位语从句,1)ThenewsthatEducationalBuildingwassoldsurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatChairmanHuhimselfwascomingtoinspectus.,3).Shekepthispromisethatshewouldalwayshelpothers.,如果同位语从句意义完整应用that引导同位语从句,Ihavenoidea,whenhewillbeback.,howhecangetthetreasure.,wheretheconcertwillbehold.,whyithappened.,whichpenismine.,whomtheyaretalkingabout.,whetheritllraintomorrow.,2.如果同位语从句意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义应用whether引导同位语从句,1.如果同位语从句意义不完整需增加“什么事”“什么时候”“什么地点”“什么方式”等的含义时应用what/when/where/why/how引导同位语从句,同位语从句与其中心词可以被谓语动词等其他成分隔开（当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时可以把谓语动词提前，以避免头重脚轻的现象）在语法上叫分割式同位语从句,WordcamethatObamawouldpayaofficialvisittoChinathisautumn,二分割式同位语从句,三同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.,考题点击：Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry,A,同位语从句与定语从句区别,1.从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。,Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.,Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.据说他已经出国了。Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。,(同位语从句),(定语从句),2.从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如:,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语),3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句),引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。如:,Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释that虽不作成分,但不能省略),Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略),Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld.2.ThatsthebestpieceofnewsIveheard.3.Ivenohopethatmyparentshavebeenexpectingtome.,判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。,定语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,4.Isthereanyhopethathewillbehomeat7:30?5.Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesntexistatall.6.Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.7.ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek.,定语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,1.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AwhileBthatCwhenDas,练习,2.Thenews_hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when3.Hissuggestion_themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it,4.Ihavenoidea_hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./5.Ivecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage_themeetingwontbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which,6.Thethought_hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that7.Theorder_theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.what,8.Heoftenaskedmethequestion_theworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.when9.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_wasthoughtadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that,10.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatientsfear_hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.asC.ofwhichD.which11.Thequestionoccurredtome_thebookwasworthreading.A.whatB.whetherC.whichD.if,Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneed_.(2003上海）A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improving,直击高考,2.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004上海春)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,3.Astorygoes_ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.(2004上海）A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that,4.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt_acureforAIDSwillbefound.(2005广东)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,5.Thereismuchchance_Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.（2006天津）A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if,Wewereexcitedatthenews.Ourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch.Theyhavemadeanewplan.Anotherexperimentbuildingwillbeputupbesidethelibrary.,合并成一句,Wewereexcitedatthenewsthatourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch.,Theyhavemadeanewplanthatanotherexperimentbuildingwillbeputupbesidethelibrary.,3.Theyhadthequestion.Couldhepassthefinalexam?4.Whodidthedamagedcomputerbelongto?Noonehadanyidea.,Theyhadthequestionwhetherhecouldpassthefinalexam.,Noonehadanyideawhothedamagedcomputerbelongedto.,5.Theproblemhasbeensolved.Whyweresomanyareasfloodedduringtheheavystorm?,Theproblemwhysomanyareaswerefloodedduringtheheavystormhasbeensolved.,1.Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.3.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldntseeanything.4.ThefactthatPollydidntaskforthemansnameisapity.,AppositiveClause,SubjectClause,ObjectClause,PredicativeClause,Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsoft