机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语课后题.doc

第一单元3. Aliuminum铝 copper 铜 nicke镍 titanium 钛 structural strength结构强度 deep drawing拉伸加工4. 定义defition 力torce 轴axle(roller) 非金属nometal 结构structure 载荷load 用途use(application) 性质properties(nature)(character)第二单元4.hardenability硬化性 machinability可加工性 cold drawn冷拔 steel sheet钢板percent reduction in area 断面收缩率endurance limit疲劳极限 rolled-steel shapes 轧制钢板corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀性 rupture断裂5.低碳钢low-carbon 高强度钢hinger-strengt steel 热处理heat treatment屈服强度yield strength 弹性模量elastic modulus 伸长率percentage elongation 韧性toughness内应力internal stresses第三单元4.non-ferrous 非钢的stress-strain curve应力应变曲线 yield point屈服点 percentage elongation伸长率 necking颈缩 sensitivity灵敏性5. 应变硬化strain hardening 横截面cross-sectional area 断面收缩率reduction in area 比例极限limit of proportionality 屈服极限yield limit 延性ductiliy机械性质mechannical propertiece用.除.divideby第六单元3.tangential notes肤浅的事情 flexible manufacturing system柔性制造系统machine instruction机器指令 economy of scale规模经济 Hardwireyd logic controller硬固线逻辑控制 transfer-line运输线，流水线 numerically control(NC)数字控制 direct numerical control(DNC)直接数字控制 computer numerical control(CNC)计算机数字控制4.计算机辅助制造computer-aided manufacturing 数控机床 手工、半自动化或全自动化manal semiautomatic or full automation 尽管机械制造业一直在持续发展，但知道20世纪50年代才出现又一个重大发展。Although manufactruring industries continued to evolve,it was not until the 1950s that the next major development occurred.第十单元4.hydraulic motor液压马达 heavy job沉重工作 steam engine蒸汽机 enterprising farmer有进取心的农民 flexibility柔韧性 be employed in作为成员multitued分散 screw pump螺杆泵5.水利系统/液压系统hydraulic system 起始于date from 史前的prehistoric土建设备earthmoving and construction equipment 依赖于depened on 被.取代betake replace by第十二单元4.be concerned with参与、涉及 fluid transport流体输送 energy-conversion devices能量转换装置 a houst of 许多fluid machinery流体机械 auxiliary equipment 辅助系统 air-conditionging systems空气调节器 cast into转化5.流体力学fluid machinery 定性理解qualitative understanding 供水系统water supply systrems 能量损失energy loss 必修课required course定量分析法quantitative analysis techniques 流率flow rate第十六单元4.open-loop control开环控制 closed-loop c闭环控制 feedback反馈 output variable输出变量 actuating signal执行信号 desired value期待价值5.框图，原理图block diagram 看不清，盲目的blindfolded 干扰，扰动disturbance 误差检测器error detector 放大器amplifier 反馈控制系统 feedback control systems第十七单元4.stability稳定性 bandwidth带宽 overall gain总增益 impedance阻抗 sensitivity敏感性 with a broad mind广义来说 turn out to原本是 cause-and-effect relation 因果关系without bound 没有束缚5.闭合序列closed sequence 线性系统理论linear system theory 静态系统static system 恒定增益constant gains 参考反馈the reference of feedback 电动机绕组（阻）motor windingwinding resistance第二十单元4.relay based system继电器系统 sensor传感器 transducer转换器 optical encoder光学编码器 domain 领域be restricted to局限于5.机电一体化系统machatronic systems 前置处理pre-processing 后置处理post-processing互换性interchangeability 可重复性repeatable 有代表性的representative 单片机a single chip重点两个句子(第二十单元)Unfortunately,the usage of the terms sensor and transducer is complicated by the variety of different meanings adopted internationally ,including in some instances an apparent interchangeability.不幸运的是，传感器和转换器术语的使用被国际上五花八门的应用形式复杂化，包括在一些场合下明显的可互换能力。For the purpose of this book the following definitions are adopted.出于这种目的对于这本书的目的是采用以下定义。段落及各单元（第十二单元）1.These fundamentals include a knownledge of the nature of fliuds and the properties used to describe them,the physical laws that govern fluid behavior,the ways in which these laws may be cast into mathematical form,and the various methodolgies(both analytical and experimental)that may be used to solve engineering problems.这些流体力学的基础知识有：流体自然属性方面的知识，用于描述流体性能的知识，支配流体行为的物理定律，把这些定律转化成数学公式与方法，以及用它解决工程问题的方法论，包括实验法和分析法。 2.The distinction between a metal and a nonmetal is not always clear cut.金属与非金属的差异一般很难确定 3.Engineerswouldnotbeparticularlyinterestedinsuchametalevenifitweretobeproduced, 即使绝对纯净的金属可以生产出来，工程师们对它们也并不会特别感兴趣4.Ofthe50orsometallicelements,onlyafewareproducedandusedinlargequantitiesinengineeringpractice. 在50种左右的金属元素里，工程实践中只有少数金属被大量生产和使用。5.Amaterialtendstochangeorchangesitsdimensionswhenitisloaded,dependinguponthemagnitudeoftheload.材料在加载时，随着载荷大小的变化，尺寸会发生改变6.Whentheloadisremoveditcanbeseenthatthedeformationdisappears.Formanymaterialsthisoccursuptoacertainvalueofthestresscalledtheelasticlimit.当卸载时，变形消失。对于许多材料来说，上述情况发生的应力极限值称为弹性极限7.Logicallyspeaking,oncetheelasticlimitisexceeded,themetalshouldstartstoyield,andfinallybreak,withoutanyincreaseinthevalueofstress.逻辑上来说，一旦超过弹性极限，金属应该就会屈服直至最后断裂，在应力值上应该没有增加。8.Inmorerecentyears，theroleofleadershipinhydraulicpowerapplicationhasbeentakenoverlargelybysomeofthelargerearthmovingandconstructionequipmentmanufacturersthetotalPowerinvolvedisoftengreaterthanthatrequiredineventhelargestaircraftsystems近年来，一些规模较大的生产土建设备的厂商在液压动力应用方面一直站着主导地位。9.Averysignificantfeatureofhydraulicpowerisitsextremepowerdensity一个非常重要的特征是它的极端水力发电功率密度。10.Fluid mechanics is the branch of engineering science that is concerned with forces and energies generated by fluids at fest and in motion流体力学是一门在静止和运动时产生力和能量的工程学科。11.Fluid transport is movement of a fluid from one place to another so that the fluid may be used or processed流体输送时指为利用和处理流体而使之从一个地方到另一个地方的运动过程。12.In general,the sensitivity of the system gain of a feedback system to parameter variations depends on where the parameter is located通常，反馈系统的增益对于参数变化的灵敏度取决于参数所在的位置13.The quantity GH may itself include a minus sign,so the general effect of feedback is that it may increase or decrease the gain. GH量本身也可能包含一个负号，所以反馈的总效应可以是增加增益，也可以是减小增益。14with the advent of the industrial revolution,inst