初中英语宾语从句讲解.doc

.宾语从句1、 定义:宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。根据引导词的不同，宾语从句又可分为：以从属连词that引导的宾语从句、已从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句、以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。1、 that引导的宾语从句 由that引导的宾语从句大多由陈述句充当。从属连词that无实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，此时从句的成分齐全，句意明确，在口语和非正式文体中that可以省略。Im extremely sorry that I have lost your book.Were all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty.Do you think (that) it will rain?We know (that) we should study hard.2、 whether或if 引导的宾语从句 Whether/if引导的从句可视为直接引语为一般疑问句转变为间接引语而成，其语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序，从句前加上连词whether或if。(1) 可用whether/if的情况 通常whether/if引导动词后的宾语从句时可通用。I dont know whether/if hell arrive in time.I am wondering whether/if they would believe in me.I asked him whether/if he had finished all his homework.(2) 只能用whether，不能用if的情况A、 引导介词的宾语从句时 Im thinking of whether we should go shopping. Im not interested in whether shell be invited.B、与or not 直接连用时 I cant say whether or not he will come on time. I dont know whether or not they will come to help us. I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that weve lost this game.C、宾语从句提前时 Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I dont care.3、 连接代词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句可由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。 Do you know who will teach us English term?(作主语） Did you hear what she said?（作宾语） I dont know whose the football is.（作表语） Could you tell me which book is better?(作定语）4、 连接副词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句可由连接副词when,where, how,why及“how+形容词/副词”短语等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语等，不可省略。 We didnt know when you usually go to school. I want to know where he bought this cup. Can you tell me how I get to the bus station? Please explain why you were late for class again. “How+形容词/副词”短语主要有how old,how many, how much,how long,how often,how far,how soon等。 Do you know how old your father is this year?2、 重点考点1、 宾语从句的语序 无论宾语从句是从属连词还是连接代词或连接副词引导，引导词总是位于从句句首，从句用陈述语序。 I am wondering if you could help me. He asked me when we should start out the next day. Did you find out where she lost her car?2、 宾语从句的时态 宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态，一般遵循以下原则：（1） 主句为现在时态或将来时态时 主句如果是现在时或将来时，从句可用任何所需要的时态，不受主句时态的限制和影响。 I know you dont know what i think at all. I know he didnt tell you that he would come then. Ill let you know whether Ill come or not directly I check my plan.（2） 主句为过去时态时主句如果是过去时态，从句一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know which country he was in.He asked me if I was reading the novel The Old Man and the Sea when he came in.He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.特别提示:从句若表示客观事实或真理，谓语用一般现在时。My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.3、 宾语从句的否定转移 主句谓语是表示“想，认为”等意义的动词，如think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致，且用肯定形式。I dont think theyll wait to the last minute.I didnt believe that was his fault,was it?3、 宾语从句的注意事项不能省略that的情况 在that引导的宾语从句中，连词that只起引导作用，不在句中担当任何成分。因此在口语或非正式问题中常可省略，但在下列情况不能省略：1、 当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,prove,feel等动词的宾语时 I have learned that most of the students who are interested in Chinese take interest in English.2、 当宾语从句较长时 We all think that what the public is badly in need of is nothing but the development of economy.3、 当主句的状语置于动词与宾语从句之间时 I realized at once that I had done it wrong when she told me all about this.4、 当宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于该从句句首时。 He told us that,if we could all come to help out,the whole situation would be getting better.5、 当动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时 When Marx got to England,he found,however ,that his English was so limited that he couldnt go on with his common affairs.6、 当动词带有多个并列宾语从句时，除第一个that外，其他不可省 Then the teacher began to talk to us about the French language,saying (that) it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.7、 当宾语从句中的主语是this，that或被this，that修饰时 Some people think that this part of Scotland with its lakes and mountains is more beautiful than the West of England. The teacher said that that word was wrong.8、 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时However,many people simply couldnt believe that what he had written was true.9、 当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时 Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fall faster that light objects.10、 当宾语从句被形式宾语it代替时 W all consider it important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.11、 expect后接的宾语从句不能省去that His article is very good expect that there are only a few unfit sentences.12、 在直接引语中，引述部分把主句与宾语从句分开时 “Im extremely sorry to tell you ,”the man said,”that you missed the last train once again.” 四、课堂小练1、 _what did he ask just now? _He wondered _. A.if they would meet at the school gate