英文合同翻译.课件.ppt

英文合同翻译,安徽大学经济学院黄毅,CharpterOneOutline,一.合同的概念及包含的种类ConceptandCategories,ConceptoftheContract,Contractsrefferedtointhislawareagreementsbetweenequalnaturalpersons,legalpersonsandorganizationsforthepurposeofestablishing,alteringandterminatingmutualcivilrightsandobligations.,CategoriesoftheContract,.ContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods1.ContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods2.Agency3.Distribution,.ContractsforInternationalTechnologyTransfer1.LicenseAgreement2.ContractsforInternationalCooperativeProductionandCooperativeDesign3.ContractsforInternationalEngineeringProjects,.ContractsforInternationalInvestment1.ContractsforEquityJointVenture2.ContractsforContracturalJointVenture3.ContractsforSino-foreignCooperativeDevelopmentofNatureResources4.BOT,.Others1.ContractsforProcessingandAssembling2.ContractsforCompensation3.ContractsforInternationalLease4.ContractsforInternationallaborService,二.合同的内容结构ContentandStructureoftheContract,1.合同名称及编号（Title,NO.)2.序文/前文(Preamble)3.本文（Body)4.附件（Appendix）5.结尾立证条款(WITNESSClause),1.合同名称及编号（Title,NO.)在商务合同中，按照重要性和繁简程度不同，可以采用不同的书面形式：Contract正式合同Agreement协议Memorandum备忘录Confirmation确认书Order订单,合同名称的两种写法：PurchaseAgreement，AgencyContractAgreementforPurchase，ContractforAgency,2.序文/前文(Preamble)1.订约日期：DateofSigning2.订约当事人：SigningParties/thePartiesConcerned3.订约地点：PlaceofSigning4.订约缘由：Recitals/WHEREASClause,WHEREASClause鉴于条款鉴于条款是叙述性条款，用以说明双方签约的目的、意图、受方的目标和供方的业务背景等。WHEREASPartyBhastherightanddesirestolicensetheaforesaidknow-howtoPartyA.NOWTHEREFORE，inconsiderationofthepremisesandthemutualconventions，thetwoparties，throughfriendlyconsultations，agreetoenterintothiscontractunderthetermsandconditionssetforthasfollows.,3.本文（Body)（1）.定义条款：DefinitionClauseForthepurposeofthisAgreement，thefollowingtermshavethefollowingmeanings：“ExclusiveTerritory”meansthefollowingcountries：Japan，PakistanandPhilippines.“Non-exclusiveTerritory”meansthefollowingcountries：Indonesia，SingaporeandMalaysia.“AgreedTerritory”meanscollectivelyExclusiveTerritoryandNon-exclusiveTerritoryhereinabovedefined.,（2）.具体条款：SpecificClause体现各种合同的性质和特点，它的内容是随着合同的种类、标的、订约意图的不同而不同。Commodity、Specification、Quantity、UnitPrice、Packing、ShippingMark、Insurance、TermsofPayment、RightsandObligations,（3）.一般条款：GeneralClause是规定合同当事人应遵循的某些一般原则和作法，因而具有通用性，各种合同中一般条款的用语基本相同。,A.合同的有效期限：DurationB.合同的终止：TerminationC.不可抗力：ForceMajeureD.合同的让与：AssignmentE.仲裁：ArbitrationF.适用法律：GoverningLawG.合同的文字及效力：TheLanguageinwhichtheContractistobeWrittenanditsValidityH.完整条款：EntireClause,ThisConfirmationshallbegovernedbythelawsofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.,ThisContractshallbewritteninChineseandinEnglishversion.Thelanguagesinquestionshallbeequallyauthentic.Intheeventofanydiscrepancybetweenthetwoversions，theChineseversionshallprevail.,ThisAgreementconstitutestheentireandonlyAgreementbetweenthePartiesheretoandsupersedesandnullifiesallprioragreements，commitments，expressedorimplied，betweenthePartieshereto.,4.附件：Appendix(Annex),5.结尾立证条款：WITNESSClauseINWITNESSTHEREOF，PartyAandPartyBstarttoexecutethisAgreementbypersonsthereuntodulyauthorizedonthedatesignedtheirrespectivesignatures.,三.涉外经济合同的语言特点1.选用正式的法律条文的用词2.同义词连用3.经常使用一些“古体词”,1.选用正式的法律条文的用词ClearUnadornedLegal,TheAppendixhereofshall,throughtheContractperiod,bedeemedtobeconstruedaspartofthisContract.ThefristboardmeetingshallbeconvenedwithinonemonthaftertheissuranceoftheCompanysbusinesslicense.,2.同义词连用许多单词一词多义，在句中可能发生意思不明，合同双方按自己的意图来理解。为了保证内容上的准确性，维护法律文件的独解性尊严。TheAgreementismadeandenteredintobyandbetweenPartyAandPartyB.ThePartiestothisContractshallfulfillorperformanyoftheobligationsunderthisContract.,3.经常使用一些“古体词”在法律文件中使用，可以避免重复、冗长，使合同语句简练、准确、有力。Hereafter,hereby,herein,hereinafter,hereto,hereunder,hereupon,herewith,hereof,AlldisputeswhichmayarisefromtheperformanceofthisContractshall,throughamicablenegotiations,besettledbythePartieshereto.,Withreferenceto.leaseAgreement,weherebyestablishinyourfavour,attherequestoftheleasee,anIrrevocableLetterofGuaranteeNo.BC450.foranamountnotexceedingJY(sayTapaneseYenonly).,IncasePartyAshalldecidenottocontinuetheprogressofWorks,thisContractshallbeterminatedunderArticle10hereof.,Foreigntradementionedhereinshallcovertheimportandexportofgoods,technologyandtheinternationaltradeinservices.,四.合同翻译的准则GenerlTranslationCriteria:FaithfulnessExpressivenessElegance,FaithfulnessandAccuracyExpressivenessandConcise,TheretaillistpriceofPartyAsProductsrepresentsthefairmarketvaluetotheconsumer.Weshallwritetoyouonceagainourend-usersareinthemarketforyourProduct.Wearegladtosaythatjustnowthemarketisinaverystrongposition.,Thenumberofattendantsofeachpartyshallbenomorethanfivepersons.Eachpartyshallbareitsownexpenses.,五.合同译文中必须大写的部分1.涉外经济合同中涉及的当事人2.机构组织名称3.合同涉及的关键词4.合同中提及的合同及本合同具体条款及附件5.有关国际公约、惯例、法律、法规、条例等名称6.合同中涉及的有关契约或文件名称7.合同提及的货币名称的首词字母及大写,TheTermoftheCompanyshallbe5yearscommencingfromthedateofissuanceoftheCompanysbusinesslicense.TheboardmeetingshallbeconvenedandpresidedoverbytheChairman.ShouldtheChairmanbeabsent,thevice-chairmanshall,inprinciple,convenedandpresidedovertheboardmeeting.,1.本法所称的“经营者”是指从事商品经营或营利性服务的法人，其它经济组织和个人。2.本法所称的“公司”是指依据本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司或股份有限公司。3.如果甲方决定不再继续施工，本合同应按合同第10条的规定立即终止。,Businessoperatorsmentionedhereinrefertosuchlegalpersons(entities),othereconomicorganizationsandindividualsasengageinthetradingofgoodsorprofit-makingservices.,Theterm“company”mentionedhereinreferstosuchalimitedliabilitycompanyorsuchacompanylimitedbysharesasareestablishedwithintheterritoryofChinainaccordancewiththislaw.,IncasePartyAshalldecidenottocontinuetheprogressofWorks,thisContractshallbeterminatedunderArticle10hereof.,Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthel/c,banksshallacceptthetransportdocumentsindicatingthethirdpartythanthebeneficiaryofthel/castheconsignorofthegoods.,Nowadays,ahighlydevelopedserviceindustryhasbecomeanimportantindicatorofanationsmodernizationdegree.ThetotalrevenueoftheglobalserviceindustryhasexceededRMB15trillion,whichisfarmorethanthetotalrevenueoftheindustrialandagriculturalindustry.,句子中状语的位置,上市公司应按相关法律和管理条例，定期公开财务状况和经营情况。根据仲裁规则，仲裁费用应由败诉方承担。股东按照出资比例在股东会议上行使表决权。,Alistedcompanyshall,pursuanttorelevantlawsandadministrativeregulations,makepublicperiodicallyitsfinancialandoperationalconditions.Thearbitrationfee,shallinaccordancewiththeRulesofArbitration,bebornebythelosingparty.Shareholdersshall,inaccordancewiththepropotionsoftheircapitalcontribution,exercisevotingrightsatshareholdersmeetings.,英译汉的翻译方法,词性转换定语的表示法被动语态的译法正译与反译,2019/12/13,47,可编辑,一.其他词性转换成动词1.名词转换成动词Wehavedicidedtoplaceatrialorderforthefollowingonthetermsstatedinyourletter.WelearnthatyouhavebeendealersofChineseproductsformanyyears.Weareexportersoftheabovegoods,havingabackgroundofsome30years.,2.介词转换成动词Weinsistonpaymentbyirrevacableletterofcreditpayableagainstshippingdocuments.,3.形容词转换成动词Pleaseletusknowifourtermsareacceptable.,二.其他词性转换成名词1.形容词转换成名词Thenewcontractwouldbevalidfor5years.Thepriceiselastic.2.副词转换成名词Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.,三.其他词性转换成形容词1.名词转换成形容词Negociationisasuccess.2.副词转换成形容词Thenovelimpressedherdeeply.Lossesarecloselyrelatedtoroughhandling.,定语的表示方法,1.形容词作定语：PracticalwayIrrevocableL/CContractualobligationNationaltreatmentTherearenosuchmensshirtsavailableforexport.,2.代词作定语Havingitsprincipalofficeat.Thiscontractshallbe.,3.数词作定语Millionsofpeoplehaveinvolovedinthisdisaster.Thelionisthekingofanimals.ThereareindicationsshowingthattheSARSisahighlyinfectiousdisease.,4.名词作定语BusinessscopeProductioncapacityOperationplanPerformancebond,5.分词（分词短语）作定语（1）单独存在时放在被修饰的名词前retiredworkersskilledworkersleasedequipmentauthorizedrepresentativelistedcompanygoverninglaw,（2）若是分词短语，一般放在被修饰的中心词之后，翻译成“所”、“而”等materialsrequiredforcarryingouttheprojectalldisputesarisingfromtheexecutionofthisContractBuyersshallnotbeliableforanydelaycausedbyForceMajeure.,6.动名词作定语workingsystemteachingplan,7.不定式（短语）作定语Thiswillbeagoodopportunitytoexchangeexperience.Hewasthefristpersontothinkofthisidea.PartyBreservestherighttorejectanyorallquotationsreceived.,8.介词短语作定语letterofcreditthePartiestothisContractaspecialistinheartdiseasetheproductsunderthisAgreementagreementonCompensationTradeapplicationforthepatentdifficultyinmeetingtheobligations,P67Acertificatetothiseffectshouldbeprovided.,9.定语从句的翻译A.合译法：把简短的定语从句译成汉语中的定语Spaceandoceansarethenewworldwhichscientistsaretryingtoexplore.IncometaxwhichmaybeleviedontheincomeofthepersonnelinIraqshallbepaidbytheEmployer.SARS,whichisinfectious,frightensallthepeople.,B.分译法：将较长的定语从句译成汉语中的并列分句，也可重复先行词，加上代词“这”、“其”等来作该分句的主语。Afuelisamaterialwhichwillburnatareasonabletemperatureandproduceheat.,C.融合法：把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语从句译成单句中的谓语部分。Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhoaremuchinterestedinthenewinvention.,D.状译法：有的定语从句看似定语，但在意义上却与主句保持着状语关系。Computers,whichhavemanyadvantages,cannotcarryoutcreativeworkandreplaceman.,被动语态的译法,一.保存主语：被动句中的主语为无生命的名词，而且句中不出现由by引导的行为主体，通常保留主语。Thecaseunderdisputeshallbesubmittedforarbitration.Goodsaresoldatspeciallylowprices.,二.主宾颠倒：在表示行为主体的词前加by，变成汉语的主动句。Thelossesarecompensatedforbythegains.AnyclaimbytheBuyersshallbefiledwithin30daysafterarrivalofthegoodsatportof.CompensationwillbemadebyPartyAforalllossessustainedbyPartyB.,三.增加主语：有时需要适当添加一些不确定的主语，如“人们、有人、大家、我们”等。Itismutuallyagreedthatthe.Informationhasbeenreceivedheretotheeffectthatpricesonyoursideareshowingsignsofrecovery.Itwouldbeadvisableforyoutoestablishthecoveringletterofcreditassoonaspossible.,四.译成汉语无主句：有时无需或没法说出行为主体。Thequestionneedntbeinvolvedin.,五.译成汉语判断句：有些被动句着重描写事物的过程、性质和状态。这类句子实际上与系表结构相近。PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.,六.译成汉语被动句：Thismulti-lateralagreementhasbeenwidelyapprovedbymostgovernments.,正译与反译,（一）正说反译顺从汉语表达习惯1.Keepupright!2.AdmissionbyInvitationOnly.3.Agreeablesweetness.4.Beforetherecripthasbeensigned,themoneymustnotbepaid.,5.Helayawakealmostthewholenight.6.Itsbeyondhispowertofulfillthetask.7.Thespecificationlacksdetail.8.Hisconductisabovereproach.,加强修辞效果1.Thatsathingthatmighthappentoanyone.2.Wemaysafelysayso.3.ThesortofthingwassomuchintheairthatIdidntquestionit.,（二）反说正译顺从汉语表达习惯1.Webelievethequalityofthismaterialwillnotfailinansweringyourpurpose.2.Ifwecanhelpyoufurther,pleasedonthesitatetogetintouchwithus.,3.Weneverseeeachotherwithouttalkingaboutweather.4.Idontkeepyouwaitinglong.5.Wemustneverstoptalkinganoptimisticviewoflife.6.Students,whichnoexception,aretohandintheirpapersthisafternoon.,加强修辞效果1.IfIhadnotlostmywatch.2.Wearenotcompletelysatisfiedwithyourmannerofdoingbusiness.,Exercise:1.Doyouknowwhysheisalwaystryingtoavoidyou?2.Dontopenthedoortillthebusstops.3.Ihavereadyourarticles.Iexpectedtomeetanoldmen.,4.Gasescannotbequicklycompressedwithoutgeneratingheat.5.ThetheoryofRelativityworkedoutbyEinsteinisnowabovemanypeoplescomprehension.,汉译英的翻译方法,一.词的变通二.词性转换三.汉语中动词的译法四.句子语态的转换,一.选词的变通（一）根据习惯搭配1.定语和中心词的搭配汉语中的“副”VicepresidentpremierministerDeputymayorsecretarydivisionchiefdirectorAssociateprofessorresearchfellow,汉语中的“高级”高级编辑高级英语高级饭店高级人民法院Clientcustomer,2.主语和谓语的搭配这幅绘画被故宫博物院收藏。ThispaintingisinthepossessionofthePalaceMuseum.ThePalaceMuseumisinpossessionofthispainting.,3.谓语和宾语的搭配开门开运河开枪开店开车开船开灯开药房,（二）根据词在上下文中的意思来选择1.十年树木，百年树人。Ittakes10yearstogrowtrees,but100yearstorearpeople.2.农业是国民经济的基础。Agricultureisthefoundationofournationaleconomy.近些