老师版直接引语和间接引语用法及习题语态被动语态、.doc

高考英语第二轮热点专题复习动词的时态和语态内容解读1高考考查的八种动词时态是：一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现在进行时；过去进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；过去将来时。2各种时态及含情态动词的被动形式和应用。命题趋势毫无疑问，对于动词时态的考查仍交进高考的测试重点。试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文中考查时态和语态，注重在语境中考查时态和语态。一 动词的时态一、时态的概念二、一般体、进行体、完成体的含义The teacher writes his own notes. （现在习续性动作）The teacher is writing his notes now. （暂时的还在进行的动作）三、一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别1一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，。2一般过去时常用的状语有yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, at that time 等；现在完成时常用的状语有already, just (刚刚), yet, never, before 等；表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有：today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在过去的这几天/年里)。since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。3比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. （这是过去的一件事）He has served in the army for 5 years. （现在他仍在军中服役，他是个军人）He wrote many plays when he was at college. 他上大学的时候，写了许多剧本。（写剧本是他过去的事）He has written many plays. 他写了许多部剧本。（这意味着他是剧作家）I saw Hero last year. 去年我看了英雄这部电影。（看英雄的时间是去年，与现在时间无关）I have seen Hero before. 我以前看过英雄这部电影。（强调现在还知道这部电影的内容。以前看过，但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间，而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间。）四、一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别1一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成时来说，这一个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。2过去完成时的时间状语常用by 和before 引导的短语表示，如by that time, by the end of, before 2000, by the time +句子等。五、过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别1两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的劝作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。2比较下面的说法She had been ill for a week before she came back. 她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去）She has been ill for a week. 她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病）六、动词时态的一些典型用法1在if, unless, even if 引导的条件状语从句中，在when, before, until (till), as soon as, the moment, once 引导的时间状语从句中，在no matter what /who / which / when / where / how 或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时（往往出现will / shall / can / must ）或主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如： Ill go with you as soon as I finish my work. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives. Can I join your club, Dad ? You can when you get a bit older. If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.2would 与used to would 与used to 都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。如：When we were boys we used to / would go swimming every summer. 小时候，每天夏天我们都要去游泳。He used to . would spend every penny he earned on books. 过去他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书了。 would 之后要接表示动作的动词，不接表示认识或状态的动词，而used to 则无此限制。如：I used to like football when I was at middle school. He used to be nervous in the exam. would 表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would, 只能用used to。如：And from that day on, as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone, Mother would disappear into he sewing room to practice. 从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉、饭桌清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。（具有反复性）I used to live in Beijing. 我过去住在北京。（没有反复性） used to 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，现在已经结束（含有较强的“今非昔比”的意思），would 则只表示说话者对过去一种回想心情，有可能再发生。如：People used to believe that the earth was flat. 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不再这样认为）He would go to the park as soon as he was free.过去他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能再去）3be +动词不定式 表示按计划或安排要做的事。例如：When are you to leave for two days to New York ?你什么时候去纽约？She is to get married next month. 她下个月结婚。这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth. 表示曾经计划要做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示“命运（即使中注定要发生的事）”，而非计划；was / were to have done sth. 表示未曾实现的计划。例如：I felt excited because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到很激动，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。 表示“指令”，相当于should, ought to, must, have to。例如：You are to report to the police. 你应该报警。 表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want。例如：If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. 如果我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。例如：Am I to go on with the work ? 要我继续这项工作吗？What are we to do next ? 我们下一步该怎么办？ 在与be 连用的结构中，see, find, congratulate 的不定式被动式有特殊的用法。例如：The news is to be found in the evening paper. 这条消息可以在晚报上见到。He is nowhere to be seen. 在哪里也见不到他。You are to be congratulated. 应当向您表示祝贺。4瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。 He has lived in Beijing since last year. 常见的瞬间动词有：come, go, get to / reach / arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join /take part in, begin /start, return / give, borrow / lend, become / turn, bring /take, give, die, finish /end, receive /hear from, marry, break, lose, jump 等。5语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。如： Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you ! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift. 6表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其过去完成时表示过去未增实现的愿望或意图。如：I had hoped to see more of ShangHai. 我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. 我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。I had thought you would come tomorrow. 我愿以来你明天才来呢。7某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。 This / It is the first / secondtime + that 从句。that 从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is 改为was，则that 从句用过去完成时。如：This is the first time I have come here. It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句。since 从句中用过去完成时。如：It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. be about to dowhen意为“即将（这时）突然”。如：I was about to go out when the telephone rang. be (was /were) + doing when 意为“正在干（这时）突然”。如They were reading when Tom shouted in pain. Hardly haddonewhen ; No sooner haddonethanwhen 和than 从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚就”。如：Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：It wont be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soom.)It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )8高考对于进行体的常考点 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. 表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如： Have you moved into the new house ? Not yet. The rooms are being painted. 表示计划、安排要做的事。如：Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum. 表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。如：I dont think Jim saw me; he was just starting into space. 高中英语语法（时态语态篇）练习题精选1( ) 1. Where is the morning paper? I _ for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 2. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 3. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 4. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 5. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park.A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go( ) 6. There _ a birthday party this Sunday.A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be( ) 7. They _ an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have( ) 8. Sorry, I cant open the door, for I the key to it.A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost( ) 9. Its good to see you again, Agnes. This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran.A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning( ) 10. Did you expect Frank to come to the party? No, but I had hoped.A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come( ) 11. Bob must be very wealthy. Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.A. has been earned B. had earned C. earns D. has earned( )12. Come on in, Peter, I want show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift.A. didnt think, were going B. hadnt thought, were goingC. never think, are going D. never thought, were going( ) 13.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been workingD. had worked( ) 14. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel( ) 15. “ What s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ” “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. ” A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought( ) 16. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother _already _to hospital.A. has; been sent B had; sent C has; sent D had; been sent( )17. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come( )18. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying ( ) 19. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice.A.will see B. have seen C. saw D. see ( ) 20. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more .A. hasnt livedB. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live答案：1-5 DBBCA 6-10 BBABD 11-15 CDBAC 16-20 DCCBD 直接引语和间接引语直接引语：直接引用别人的话,并在原话前后加引号。例：He said,“It is too late.”间接引语：通过第三者转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。例：He said it was too late.直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题。1.人称的变化。主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。例如：直接引语 She said,“I am hungry.”间接引语 She said she was hungry.直接引语 Mum said to me,“You can clean your bedroom tomorrow.”间接引语 Mum told me that Icould clean my bedroom the next day.2.时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致.当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化,变化如下： 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 过去进行时 不变(am/is - was, are - were, do/does - did, can - could, will - would, 动词原形 - 动词过去式)1) “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. She said that she was very glad to visit our school. 2) Tom said,“We are listening to the pop music.” Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. 3) Mother asked,“Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. 4) He asked the conductor,“Where shall I get offto change to a No. 3 bus?” He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. 5) “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. 6) Mother asked me,“Had you finished your homeworkbefore you watched TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.注意：1) 直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如： Teacher said to us,“The moon moves round the earth.” Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. The teacher saidto us,“Light travelsfaster thansound.” Theteacher saidthatlighttravelsfaster thansound.2) 直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。 例如：She said,“I went to England in 1998.” She said she went to England in 1998.3) 主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。He says,“I bought you a book yesterday.” He says that he bought me a book yesterday.3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。 this - that, these - those, here - there, today - that day, tomorrow - the next day,next week - the next week， come - go等）4. 句式上的变化1) 陈述句变间接引语时，用 that 连接, that 无实际意义，可省略。例 Lanasaid,“I am mad at Marcia.” Lana said (that) she was mad at Marcia. He said,“We are good at English.” He said (that) they were good at English. Shesaidto me,“She does her homework every night.” She told me(that)she did her homework every night. Hesaid,“I go to school by bus.” He said (that) he went to school by bus.2) 一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词 if 或 whether。例 She asked me,“Are you Mr. Li?” She asked me if I was Mr. Li. She asked us,“o you want to go on a picnic?” She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.3) 特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。例 “How much have we spent on petrol this year,”Susan asked herhusband. Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year. He asked me,“What time is it now?” He asked me what time it was then.注意：转述问句时后面用陈述句语序。4) 祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。一改：said (to) 改为 asked 或 told二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为 asked 等的宾语三加：即在动词原形前加 to，使成为动词不定式四去：去掉 please例 He said to her,“Dont take the book away, please.” He asked her notto take the book away. Hesaidto me,“Please do it again.” He told/asked me to do it again. Theteacher said,“Dont talkin class, Tom.” Theteacher told/askedTom not to talk in class. 注意：if 和 whether 都可译为“是否”，二者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换，口语中多用 if 代替 whether。 而以下几种情况中, 只能用 whether:1. 强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有 or not 时。如： Let me know whether you can come or not.2. 宾语从句前置时。如： Whether this is true, I cant say.3. 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如： Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.（主语从句） The question is whether he can do it.（表语从句） The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once.（同位语从句）4. 在介词之后作介词的宾语时。如： I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.5. 在不定式前与不定式一起组成词组时。如： Whether to go or stay is still a question.值得注意的是：if 还可以引导条件状语从句，是“假如；如果”之意，而 whether 可以引导让步状语从句，是“不管；无论”之意。如： If you ask him, he will help you. I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home.直接引语和间接引语专项练习一、把下列的句子变成间接引语：1. “Im leaving for London next week.”My sister said to me.2.John said,“Mr. Smith has come here.”3.She said,“Do you want me to help you?”4.“Did the man in the shop understand him at last?”She said.5.Mum said,“Can you speak English?”6.“How many people are there in your family?”He asked the boy.7.“Dont worry.”The mother said to the children.8.He said,“Please give me a book.”二、把下列句子变成直接引语：1.She told us to stop writing and listening to her.2.She asked me which one I liked the best.3.He asked whether I had watched TV the night before.4.Jim asked me if I was busy that day.5.The old worker told us not to forget the past.6.Pick said that he would take Mary there the next time.7.Father asked me who had broken the window.三单项选择1. Where was Alices sister? I dont know where _.A. was Alices sisterB. Alices sister was C. is Alices sisterD. Alices sister is2. What did he say? I dont know what _. A. did he sayB. he says C. he has saidD. he said3. I dont know _.A. the reason why can be B. why the reason may be C. what the reason can beD. what the reason may be4. I wonder _. which of the following is not the right choice?A. whether she will be fit for the job or not B. whether or not will she be fit for the jobC. if she will be fit for the job D. what she will be fit for the job5. Is Mr. Wu from Beijing? I dont know _.A. where does he come from B. from where does he come C. which city he comes from D. what city he comes from6. Can you make sure _?A. that he will come here todayB. when he will come here today C. will he come here todayD. whether will he come here today7. Do you happen to know _?A. where is her address B. in which place is her address C. what her address isD. the place her address is8. Excuse me, but can you tell me _?A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the library C. how