40GE和100GE 在OTN上如何传送

40GE and 100GE 在 OTN上如何传送？ Feng HUANG， Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell September, 2009 提纲 1. 40/100GE接口和应用 2. 40/100GE over OTN 3. 40/100G传送 4. 小结 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 40/100GE接口和应用 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 40/100GE要求 Support full-duplex operation only Preserve the 802.3 / Ethernet frame format utilizing the 802.3 MAC Preserve minimum and maximum FrameSize of current 802.3 standard Support a BER better than or equal to 10-12 at the MAC/PLS service interface Provide appropriate support for OTN Support a MAC data rate of 40 Gb/s Provide Physical Layer specifications which support 40 Gb/s operation over: at least 10km on SMF at least 100m on OM3 MMF at least 7m over a copper cable assembly at least 1m over a backplane Support a MAC data rate of 100 Gb/s Note: Reduced from 10m to 7m to allocate additional budget to PCB traces Provide Physical Layer specifications which support 100 Gb/s operation over: at least 40km on SMF at least 10km on SMF at least 100m on OM3 MMF at least 7m over a copper cable assembly /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 40/100GE Standard Adopted project timeline S = Study Group T = Task Force 15 = SG15 Plenary O = OIF B = Baseline Dx.y = Draft x.y HSSG formed PAR submit PAR approve 1st TF meeting Last new proposal Last feature Last technical change Approved Standard B D1.0 D2.0 D3.0 15 15 15 15 O O 15 O S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T O T T T O T T T O T O J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 Interface Architectures All major architectural aspects decided Aspect 40 GbE Aggregate rate 1m backplane 7m copper 100m MMF (OM3) 10km SMF 100 GbE Aggregate rate 7m copper 100m MMF (OM3) 10km SMF 40km SMF Leading proposal 41.25 Gbit/s assuming 64B/66B 4x10G based on 10G Base-KR 4x10G based on 10G Base-KR 4x10G, 4 fibers per direction 4x10G, 1.3 CWDM 103.125 Gbit/s assuming 64B/66B 10x10G based on 10G Base-KR 10x10G, 10 fibers per direction 4x25G, 1.3 LAN WDM (800 GHz) 4x25G, 1.3 LAN WDM (800 GHz) /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 Other key topics Extended Reach over MMF (100m) A note has been added that the 100m specification for OM3 fiber will work for up to 125m of OM4 fiber, but no further work will be undertaken within the P802.3ba project for greater MMF fiber reach Modified Copper Cable Assembly reach The reach objectives for 40GBASE-CR4 and 100GBASE-CR10 were reduced from 10m to 7m to allocate additional loss budget to PCB board traces Appropriate Support for OTN For 100 GbE, this continues to be expected to be simply a matter of the ITU-T defining an appropriate rate for a new OPU/ODU/OTU4 (defined in G.709 Amendment 3). The IEEE is not expecting to take any specific action for this rate For 40 GbE, the adopted baseline in trowbridge_01_0508.pdf assumes the use of transcoding to provide a mapping of 40GbE into an OPU3 and so this states that there must be 15 or fewer control block types in the final standard and that proprietary extensions to the 64B/66B coding scheme should be considered as an error if received BIP added to lane markers Reduces time required to verify 10-12 BER from 1 hour to 2 minutes for 100GBASE-R Mechanism agreed in ITU-T Q11/15 for how to allow end-to-end error counting based on the BIP when 40GBASE-R is transported over OTN with transcoding into 513B code blocks Agreed in 802.3ba to count errored blocks like SDH RS BIP or OTN bip (one errored block per incorrect BIP-8 value) to avoid possible multiplication of error counts when 40GBASE-R is carried over OTN /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 Future IEEE802.1ab Meetings Meeting Interim Plenary Interim Plenary Interim Location Chicago Atlanta New Orleans Orlando TBD Dates September 21-25, 2009 November 16-19, 2009 January 25-29, 2010 March 14-20, 2010 May 2010 Note: The 802.3ba standard is expected to be approved at the IEEE standards board meeting in June 2010 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 40GE 和 100GE的应用场景 40GbE:数据中心刀片服务器内部接口或仅作为服务器互联接口， 100GE:上行链路 40GbE/100GE:路由器 /交换机之间 互联接口 40G/100GE:上行链路 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 路由器 40GE 和 100GE的接口 Juniper note its June 2009 announcement of a 100 Gigabit Ethernet router interface card for the T1600 IP Core Router Cisco highlight its 100G Ethernet initiatives its June 2008 100G Ethernet demonstrations at Comcast, July 16, 2009 - Alcatel-Lucent introduced a 100 GigE service routing interface for the “edge,” where it claims service providers need it most. /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 40GE 和 100GE的市场预测 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 40/100GE over OTN /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 40GE 的传送 -OTU3 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 40GE over OTU3 (Transcode) 40GbE速率为 41.25 Gbit/s， OPU3速率为 40.15Gbit/s，无法直接映射。因此将 40GbE并 行接口转换为串行比特流以后，需要采用编码转换的方法进行速率压缩，最后异步映射 进入 OPU3。因此，目前 40GbE实现的是 PCS层透明映射。 Step1并串转换： 40GbE由 4个并行虚通道组成，每个虚通道包含 64B/66B编码数据，并且每 16384个 66B代 码块插入一个虚通道定位标识符（ Lane Marker）。虚通道定位标识符是一个特定格式的 66B代码块。 4个并行虚通道可以通过 4个并行物理通道承载。 将 40GbE的 4个并行虚通道 进行重新排序和斜率校正处理后，形成 66B代码块的串行码流（包括通道定位标识符）。 Step2转码： 64B/66B转换为 512B/513B， 8个 66B转换为 513B。 512B/513B转换为 1026B/1027B， 2个 513B转换为 1027B。 Step3映射进 OPU3： 通过 GMP映射进 OPU3（映射进入 OPU3的 1024B/1027B比特流的速率为 40.1171875Gbit/s 100ppm）。 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 100GE传送 -OTU4 (define new OTU4) Provider Network (WDM) Client Interface (UNI = User-Network Interface) 100G Ethernet (IEEE) Parallel PHY = multiple wavelengths (e.g., 10x10G, 4x25G) or multiple fibers (e.g., OM3 MMF) short reach (100m, 2-40km) Transport Interface (NNI = Network-to-Network Interface) OTN4 (ITU-T) Serial PHY = single wavelength and single fiber long reach (100-3,000km) /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 100GE over OTU4 ITU-T新定义了 OTU4， OTU4 比特速率为 111.8099736 Gbit/s， ODU4 比特速率为 104.7944458 Gbit/s， 能够支持 100GE (103.125 Gbit/s 100ppm) 的业务映射 Step 1： 100GE经过并串转换 Step 2：通过 GMP映射进 OTU4. /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 40/100G传送 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 X Nx G 100G传送应用市场 Identified key applications, requirements, market window & challenges Service driven: transport of 100GE client signals (between routers, video severs or computers) VoD: Video Storage VHO VSO MAN/RAN VSO High Speed Data Center interconnection: Data 100GE Center N x 100G X Backbone 100GE Data Center 100 Topology: Mainly ring Products: WDM/ROADM Priority: High VSO Topology: p-t-p, mesh Products: WDM/ROADM, Tera Sw Priority: High X 100GE Data Center Transport driven: concentration of several client signals 100G and transport via 100G GE Transport Optimization: 10GE X STM-N GE 10GE STM-N Topology: mesh Products: Tera Switch, WDM/ROADM X N x 100G Backbone X N x 100G N x 100G X X 10G 10G Metro Priority: Highest GE, 10GE STM-N /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 10x10Gb/s 10x10Gb/s MUX Parallel versus serial 100G transport 100G parallel transport (10x10G) Multi-wavelength transmission Multiple lasers, modulators, detectors Multi-channel synchronization/skewing Low spectral efficiency 10x10G TX/RX integration mandatory for cost efficient implementation 100G serial transport 100GE MAC MUX 10 x 10-Gb/s Modulators (electrical optical) 100 Gb/s (10 channels) Single wavelength transmission Single laser, modulator, detector High spectral efficiency Better networking flexibility Different symbol rate options: 100GE MAC 100 Gb/s (or 2x50G) Laser 100 Gb/s (1 channel) - 100Gbaud: 100G binary OOK - 50Gbaud: 2x50G DQPSK One 100-Gb/s Modulator (electrical optical) - 25Gbaud: 2x2x25G DQPSK or CQPSK + PolMux 100G transport choice depends on lowest cost per bit Targeted system capacity (spectral efficiency, system reach) Wavelength management and networking aspects (ROADMs, etc.) /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 100G WDM系统要求 1. N 100G 应该达到 10G/40G已有的频谱效率和传输距离 (不应该减少 ) 50GHz 信道间隔， 1500km传输距离 2. N 100G 应该兼容当前网络中已有的 10G/40G波长业务 40G到 100G平滑升级， 10G/40G/100G混传 3. N 100G 应该支持网络中已有的客户侧接口 40GE/100GE 客户侧接口， 40G POS接口， OTU3 接口， OTU4线路侧接口 4. N 100G 的 OTU4映射应该符合 OTN标准（ G.709） 5. N 100G 应该与网络中已有的设备能混合组网 穿通 OADM、 ROADM滤波器而不用减少其个数 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 100G WDM系统关键技术 发送、接收技术： 调制，偏振复用解复用，光相干接收，高速电处理，超强 FEC 传输线路控制技术： 非线性抑制和色散管理， PMD控制，光路监控 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 DEMUX Hybrid XFP / SFP+ ODU-2 XFP / SFP+ E.g., PICs 100G transmission 100G client module Signal processing 100G Line module 90 100GE / ODU-4 (2)4/10/40 km SFI-S OTU-4 TRX Framer SFI-S SFI-S 4x25G SERDES/ Precoder Driver OTU-4 112 Gbit/s FEC Coding 10 x 11.2Gb/s MLD 100GE 100m CTBI/MLD (MAC) 10 x 10Gb/s SFI-S Quad ADC DSP DEMUX LO 10 x 10G client module XFP / SFP+ STM-64 XFP / SFP+ 10 x XFI OC-192 XFP / SFP+ XFP / SFP+ XFP / SFP+ 10GE LanPhy 10GE WanPhy XFP / SFP+ 10G CBR XFP / SFP+ XFP / SFP+ 0.1/2/40/80/WDM km Partner Key Recommendations: Higher Integ. Develop Go to partners for SERDES & optical drivers Need specialized coherent detection hw Look for higher integration for all other components OTU-4 mapper: OTU-4 framing incl. standard FEC and enhanced FEC ODU-2(+) to ODU-4 multiplexing (ODU-3 to ODU-4 prepared) 10GbE into ODU-2+ (transparent) if MAC included device can support XC and packet switch apps /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 HIGHERHARDWARECOMPLEXITY HIGHERSYSTEMTOLERANCE 90deg hybrid DSP DSP 90deg hybrid Data x y Hardware requirements for 100G serial modulation formats Modulation format 100 Gbaud 100G Binary/OOK TX Hardware complexity Mach-Zehnder modulator RX 50 Gbaud 2x50G (RZ-)DQPSK (Multi-Level) Precoded Data Clock OR: Pulse carver (RZ) Precoded Data Control 25 Gbaud 2x2x25G DQPSK/coh. QPSK + Polarization Mux (Multi-Level) Laser Clock RZ x Pol. y Pol. OR: x x Pol. Laser y y RZ Multi-symbol phase estimation Intradyne receiver Lower symbol rate approaches (50/25Gbaud) provide higher system tolerance at the expense of higher transponder hardware complexity (cost impact under study) /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 100G WDM系统关键技术 FEC ITU Standardizing (Hopefully with a Scalable Strong FEC) Framer CEI-11 (7% OH) with MLD No Agreements Interfaces, Soft FEC, FEC Feedback Structure, Lane Assignment 100G LH Module EM 20% QPSK OTN Framer 7% FEC Encoder Soft FEC Mux Tx Integrated Photonics (option) Laser(s) 20% A/D, OTN Framer 7% FEC Hard- Decision Decode Soft FEC (option) Equal, QPSK Rx Integrated Photonics 100G LH Int Phot Integrated DSP MSA: Power, mechanical, thermal, control interface, software interface /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 MUX DSP 100G WDM系统关键技术光参数的动态监控 Wavelength Tracker Operation 1830 OT or Alien Integrated eVOAs for source power management Sub-carrier modulation Payload (noise) frequency AMP Integrated per-channel eVOAs serve multiple functions Automatic optical power adjustment and unique DSP WT Encode Low Freq signal WT Decode time wavelength coding Encode once, decode many times Each channel is encoded with a unique WaveKey pair that allows the channel to be identified and its power monitored The assignment of WaveKeys is managed by the NEs, which maintain a database of the WaveKeys used in the network. At each detection point, the WaveKeys are detected and their power measured. for fault location capability Provides a transponderless demarcation point Provides intra-node optical performance monitoring (OPM) at all line cards Decode based on DSP, correlation and orthogonal coding Uniquely identifies each service/wavelength in the network /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 100G WDM系统关键技术光参数的动态补偿 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 7mm 100G WDM系统关键技术 PIC Optical Switching increases function of Optics If we are going to use more optical functionality we need to integrate more functionality to reduce the cost. There is also an optimum balance between yield and packaging but since devices size not limited by lithography there is no Moores law scaling with time. Many Integration options Laser Laser Laser Laser Laser Mod Mod Mod Mod Mod VOA VOA VOA VOA VOA Filter Filter Filter Filter Filter Integration along light path (serial) e.g. laser and modulator Integration across light paths (parallel) e.g. demultiplexer and transmitter/detector arrays Monolithic Multiple components on the same chip Multiple tunable lasers and wavelength converters 12 mm Size reduction, Reduced coupling losses, simplified packaging Attractive for transmitters Hybrid integration Components on multiple material substrates Fullest exploitation of material characteristics, structures can be used for passive assembly Attractive for receivers and inline elements /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 4 SOA Array on Si02 PLC InP Photonic Integrated Circuits at Alcatel-Lucent Fast 32-channel filter through monolithic integration of AWGs and SOA gates VanThourhout et al., JSTQE 2002 Monolithic Optical Equalizer with SOA Bhardwaj et al. OFC 2007 Compact 80Gb/s DQPSK modulator on InP using EAM Doerr et al. OFC 2007 Integrated wavelength 40Gb/s conversion module with fast tunable laser (MFL) Bernasconi et al OFC 2005 Output Input /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 Backplane Network 100G WDM系统关键技术高速电处理（互联） Many high-speed and low-speed I/Os required High-speed (6.25 Gb/s 25 Gb/s) interconnect between ASICs Low-speed (200-600 MHz) interconnects for memory devices Many I/Os means Large pin count board space critical as well as large & expensive devices High power consumption thermal issues, costs Board design challenge (many layers, Xtalk, etc.) high system costs /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 100G WDM系统关键技术高速电处理（ CDR，补偿和均衡） ASE Signal + Demux 1 OEQ 2 N TDC PMDC OFE Hard/soft decision CDR-demux FFE DFE MLSE Minimum required receiver elements: Digital post-processing OFE optical front -end, including optical DPSK-demodulation Clock & data recovery, subrate demultiplexing (“CDR-demux”) (contained in “Digital post-processing” block) Compensators and equalizers TDC tunable dispersion compensator PMDC polarization -mode dispersion compensator OEQ optical equalizer Digital post-processing may contain electronic equalization FFE feed -forward equalizer, DFE decision feedback equalizer MLSE maximum -likelihood sequence estimator /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 近期 100-Gb/s 传送试验（ ECOC和 OFC) 107-Gb/s binary OOK (NRZ) over 320 km (ALU, R&I) 107-Gb/s binary OOK (NRZ-VSB) over 160 km field fiber (COBRA, Siemens, Micram, HHI, AT&T) 10x107-Gb/s NRZ-DQPSK over 1200 km and 6 ROADMs with 1.0 b/s/Hz spectral efficiency (ALU, BL) 10x107-Gb/s binary OOK (NRZ) (107Gbaud) over 480 km (ALU, R&I) 10x111-Gb/s PDM-RZ-DQPSK over 2375 km with 2.0 b/s/Hz (CoreOptics, Siemens) 204x111-Gb/s CSRZ-DQPSK over 240 km (NTT) 107-Gb/s O/E receiver with integrated photodetector and demultiplexer (ALU, BL) 8x107-Gb/s binary OOK (NRZ-VSB) over 480 km with 1.0 b/s/Hz (ALU, R&I) 80x107-Gb/s binary OOK (NRZ-VSB) over 510 km with 1.0 b/s/Hz (ALU, R&I) 8x107-Gb/s PDM-RZ-DQPSK and 8x42.7-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK over 1280 km and 4 ROADMs with 1.4 b/s/Hz (ALU, BL) 30x100-Gb/s OFDM over 1300 km and 10 ROADMs with 1.0 b/s/Hz spectral efficiency (NTT) /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 近期 100-Gb/s 传送试验 Company/organization Location/date AT&T1, NEC CorporationUSA/May of America and Corning 2008 Banverket Sweden/April 2009 Deutsche Telekom and Germany/Mar Ericsson ch 2009 Ciena USA/August 2008 Activity Transmission of data at 114G over each of 320 separate optical channels on a single 580km optically amplified link Live field trial, running 10G/40G/100G simultaneously on existing fiber network between Sundsvall and Stockholm 100G R&D field trial on existing optical platform as part of European 100Gbit/s Carrier-Grade Ethernet Transport Technologies Project Demonstration of single wavelength transmission of a 100G data stream, through 80 km of fiber with Caltech Georgia Institute of Technology USA/March 2009 Establishes the Georgia Tech 100G Optical Networking Consortium with 10 companies to perform multidisciplinary research in all aspects of 100G transmission Global Access and Infinera Neos Networks Verizon Japan/January Complete Japans first 100G Ethernet demonstration between Tokyo and 2009 Osaka UK/March Trial of 100G DWDM optical system between Manchester and London 2009 USA/Septemb Moves 100G trials program to next stage with over 1000km runout on er 2008 Richardson, Texas, network Source: Light Reading, 2009 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 Transmission AWG Interleaver ROADM #2 Pre-comp Express 1 x 4 Pol. 100 km 100 km Raman Raman Drop BERT 1 NRZ-DQPSK on 100-GHz grid over 1200 km and 6 ROADMs* 53.5-Gb/s In-phase (I) 10 DFB 85 GHz (a) Pol. Quadrature (Q) Balanced RX Frequency 4:1 NZDF NZDF Demux DCF DCF Pol. Clock recovery Switch Switch 10 dB Loop OEQ Post-comp Pol. WSS 53.5-Gb/s Add Drop 400 km 100 km 100 km NZDF NZDF DCF DCF Raman Raman Express ROADM in (b) Drop / Add Wavelength ROADM #1 1 x 9 Express WSS Pol. Add 1.0 Tb/s capacity (10 x 107 Gb/s) High spectral efficiency, 1.0 bit/s/Hz, (100-GHz channel spacing) 1200 km transmission distance No polarization multiplexing Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) Placed every 200 km, adjacent channels dropped and re-inserted * Ref: P. J. Winzer, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, C. R. Doerr, T. Kawanishi, T. Sakamoto, K. Higuma: Post-Deadline Paper PDP24, OFC 2007 /webmoney All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009 powerdB Q-factor(dB) 8 Tbit/s (80x107 Gbit/s) ASK-NRZ VSB DWDM transmission with 100 GHz channel spacing (1 bit/s/Hz)* C-band even C-band booster DWDM demux Post- compensation L-band even DATA D+ D+ Optical filter Optical filter 107 Gbit/s ETDM receiver 107Gb/s ETDM 100 GHz multiplexer interleaver GFF C-band C-band odd L-band odd DATA L-band booster D- Raman Raman 510 km transmission link X8 L-band Optical filter Optical filter 107 Gbit/s ETDM receiver 80x107 Gbit/s ETDM transmitter -25 -35 -45 -55 -65 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1525 1545 1565 1585 1605 1525 1545 1565 1585 16