2017届高考英语一轮复习-Unit-14-Careers-北师大版必修5.doc

Unit 14Careers写得准用得活积得多1.aid n援助，帮助2.quarrel vi. 争吵，吵架3.reward n. 奖赏4.charge vt. 收费，要价n. 负责5.liquid n. 液体6.consult vt. 请教；查阅7.grain n. 谷物，谷粒8.decrease v. 减少，降低9.flexible adj. 灵活的，柔韧的10.envy vt. 羡慕，妒忌11.bother vt. 打扰；烦扰12.continent n. 大陆，洲13.commit vt.投入committed adj.尽责的14.appointment n约定，约会；任命，委派appoint vt.任命，指派；预约，安排15.constantly adv.不断地constant adj.不断的；不变的16.illegal adj.不合法的，违法的legal adj.合法的17.guidance n指导guide n向导，导游v.带领，引导18.wisdom n. 智慧wise adj.明智的，聪明的19.instant n片刻，瞬息 adj.瞬间的，立即的，紧急的instantly adv.即刻地，马上地instance n例子；事例；情况20.surrounding adj.附近的，周围的surround v包围，围绕surroundings n环境21.inspect v审查inspection n检查，视察inspector n检查员，视察员22.glory n荣耀的事，值得骄傲的事glorious adj.光荣的，荣耀的23.hesitate v犹豫，踌躇hesitation n犹豫，踌躇24.existence n存在exist v存在25.comfort n& vt.(使)安慰，舒适comfortable adj.安慰的，舒适的26.operate vi.运转，运作；做手术 vt.操作operation n操作，手术operator n操作员；接线员27.respond vi.回复，回答；反应response n回复，响应，反应，回答用所给词的适当形式填空1.Without hesitation (hesitate) the brave soldier jumped into the lake to save the drowning child.2.I reminded him of the appointment, but he didnt make any response (respond)3.Animals protective coloring enables them to blend with their surroundings (surround)4.A country should mainly rely on the strength and wisdom (wise) of its own people.5.A thinking person must commit (committed) himself to working for peace.6.Its illegal (legal) to read peoples private letters without permission.7.It was said that this was the only copy of the book in existence (exist)8.She is constantly (constant) under pressure and it is affecting her health.9.I made an appointment with my friend Tom yesterday. He told me that he was appointed to a remote village.(appoint)10.Her father is an expert operator. Only he can operate the new machine in the factory.(operate)11.“Dont be disappointed，” he comforted his friend.“Lets go to the beach and the sunlight and wind will make you more comfortable. That is，you can get more comfort there.”(comfort)12.The guide led us to the tourism spot and then all our activities took place under her guidance.(guide)13.The instant my father received the news that my grandpa became ill, he went to the hospital instantly.(instant)1. “谷物”相关词汇清单corn玉米wheat 小麦 rice 大米 soybean 大豆 millet 小米grain 谷物，谷粒2.由liquid想到的fluid n. 流体solid n. 固体gas n. 气体；燃气steam n. 水蒸气3.说说“七大洲”Asia 亚洲Europe 欧洲North America 北美洲South America 南美洲Africa 非洲Oceania 大洋洲Antarctica 南极洲4.“帮助”家族aid n&vt. 帮助；援助help n&vt. 帮助assist vt. 帮助；协助assistance n. 帮助；协助support n&vt. 支持；帮助sponsor vt. 赞助fund vt. 资助5.inspect近义词大全check v. 检查，核对examine v. 检查，审查investigate v. 调查go over 检查6.聚焦“频度”副词seldom 不常；很少constantly 经常地frequently 频繁地occasionally 偶尔；间或rarely 很少地continually 不断地usually 通常，经常ever 曾经7.汇总ory结尾名词dormitory 宿舍territory 领土observatory 天文台glory 荣耀的事写得准用得活积得多1.take_charge_of接管，控制2.make_up 编造；组成3.make_out 假称；听出，看出4.go_into_detail(s) 讨论，细谈5.speak_up 大声地说，自由 而大胆地说出6.sit_up 坐直；熬夜7.believe_in 信任，信仰8.turn_over 反转9.pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功10.keep_up_with 跟上，赶上11.in_case 以防万一；万一12.due_to 由于13.in_addition 此外14.turn_up_ 出现，到达15.above_all 最重要的是16.leave_behind 留下来，将 落在后面选用左栏短语填空1.If you ask the fast runner to set the pace, then most of them will be left_behind.2.We couldnt make_out what they were talking about in the next room.3.He devoted most of his time to his training and his effort paid_off eventually in the Olympics.4.Can you give me some advice on how to make_up for the time I have lost？5.Small sailboats can easily turn_over in the water if they are not managed carefully.6.We arranged to meet at 7：30, but she never turned_up.7.Youd better not believe_in him. He is a cheater.8.Mother set the pace so that her children would keep_up_with her. 1.up短语全接触build up逐渐增强；建立hang up 挂起来；挂断电话pick up 捡起；学会bring up 抚养；教育dress up 穿上盛装；打扮clear up 澄清；放晴take up 占据；从事make up 编造；组成2.归纳all短语after all 到底，毕竟first of all 首先in all 总共all at once 突然；同时；马上all of a sudden 突然all the best 万事如意all the same 尽管如此，仍旧above all 首先；最重要的是背原句记句式会仿用1.The instant she stopped asking questions, I got up and went out of the room. 她一停止问问题，我就起身走出了房间。the instant引导时间状语从句。在机场我一看见他就立即认出他来了。The_instant_I_saw_him at the airport, I recognized him at once.2.Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the worlds richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change.在现在和21世纪的这段时期，这个世界上最富裕和最先进的国家的公民将会发现赶上变化的需求越来越难了。finditadj.to do sth.。没有人认为对你来说不需要外力帮助就能轻易地完成那项工作。Nobody thinks_it_easy_for_you_to_finish the work without outside help.3.I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.那时我发现，只要我具有献身精神，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。as long as 引导条件状语从句。只要你努力学习，你迟早会成功的。As_long_as_you_study_hard,_you will succeed sooner or later.4.Its not about making men more like women, but helping men to communicate as well.其目的不是令男人更像女人，而是帮助男人同样良好地沟通。not .but .“不是而是”。有时是你说话的方式而不是你说话的内容才是重要的。Sometimes it is not_what_you_say_but the way you say it that matters.5.Whatever I do, it will be with music.我无论做什么，都与音乐有关。whatever引导让步状语从句。无论发生什么事，我们都将不会放弃学习。We will never give up studying, whatever_happens.1reward n奖赏，回报vt.奖赏；给以报酬高考佳句You mentioned that you could teach English as a reward, which is exactly what I want. (2015四川高考书面表达) 你提到作为回报你可以教我英语，这也正是我想要的。(1)give sb.a reward for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而得到奖赏in reward (for) 作为(对的)报酬/回报(2)reward sb.with sth.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事用某物奖励某人He received a medal in reward for his bravery.He was_rewarded_with_a_medal_for his bravery. 他因勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。In_reward for their kindness, many of the family have won high positions in the government, with power and fame. 善有善报，他家有许多人都在政府部门做大官，权高名重。辨析比较reward, award试一试选择以上词语填空Li Ping was rewarded for saving a boy and she was awarded a medal at the conference.辨一辨名词动词reward报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb.for (doing) sth.award奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.award sth.to sb.2charge vt.收费，要价；指控；充电n.负责；费用 高考佳句Thirdly, I wonder how much you will charge us for the sixweek course.(2014全国卷书面表达)第三，我想知道六周的课程你会收取我们多少钱。(1)in charge of 主管，掌管/管理in/under the charge of sb. 在某人掌管之下，由某人负责take charge of 管理，负责(2)charge sb. money for sth. 向某人索取的费用free of chargefor free 免费(3)charge sb. with . 指控某人The traffic policeman charged the driver with speeding.交警指控那个司机超速驾驶。With the ticket, you may get a French fries free_of_charge/for_free in KFC.凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。Ill be in charge of the whole factory when Mr Black is away.The whole factory will be in_the_charge_of me when Mr Black is away.布莱克先生不在时，由我负责整个工厂。熟词生义读句子猜含义The shaver can be charged and used while travelling. 充电3consult vt.请教；查阅高考佳句If you have any doubts about your health, youd better consult your doctor at once.(2015天津高考单选)你如果对自己的健康有任何疑问，最好马上咨询你的医生。(1)consult sb. about sth. 向某人请教/咨询某事consult with sb. about sth. 与某人商量某事consult a dictionary/map 查字典/地图consult with sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人交换意见(2)consultant n. 顾问Before visiting a strange country, if you dont want to get into trouble youd better consult those people who went there before about the customs there.在参观一个陌生的国家以前，如果你不想陷入麻烦，最好向以前去过那儿的人咨询一下那儿的风俗习惯。When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult/refer_to/turn_to_a_dictionary.当拿不准一个词的词义时，查查词典。He consulted_with_his_partners_about/on the investment.他与合伙人就那项投资交换了意见。形象记忆4commit vt.投入；使承诺；犯(错误，罪行等)教材原句I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.那时我发现，只要我具有献身精神，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。(1)commit sb. to (doing) sth.使某人承诺(做)某事commit oneself to (doing) sth. 答应(做)某事commit sth. to sth. 调拨，拨出供使用commit suicide/a crime/a murder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀(2)commitment n. 承诺；保证；承担义务make a commitment 作出承诺The contract commits him to playing (play) for the team for the next three years.合约规定以后3年他要为该队效力。The local government has_committed_large_amounts_of_money_to housing projects.当地政府已在住宅项目上投入了大量资金。I felt I did not have to make_such_a_commitment to them.我觉得我没有必要对他们作出那样的承诺。5hesitate v犹豫，踌躇，不愿意，有顾虑高考佳句If there is something else I can do for you, please dont hesitate to contact me.(2015天津高考书面表达)如果我还能为你做点什么，请马上与我联系。(1)hesitate to do sth.hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.对(做)某事犹豫不决(2)hesitation n. 踌躇，犹豫without hesitation 毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事In the event of difficulties, please do not hesitate to_contact (contact) our Customer Service Department.如果遇到困难，请尽快和我们的客户服务部联系。I hesitate about/in/at/over taking his side until I know the whole story.我在知道整件事以前犹豫是否支持他。We have_no_hesitation_in_accepting your most generous offer.我们毫不犹豫地接受你最慷慨的捐赠。6decrease v&n.减少，降低教材原句Jobs in farming, coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing rapidly.农业、煤矿业和重工业的职位正迅速减少。(1)decrease in .在方面降低/减少decrease to . 减少到decrease by . 减少了(2)a decrease in . 在方面减少on the decrease 在减少After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that there was a decrease in classroom violence.冲突解决程序在亚特兰大开始运行后，(人们)发现教室暴力有所下降。In our school the number of students who are addicted to computer games is on_the_decrease.在我们学校迷恋网络游戏的学生数目正在下降。The number of teaching staff members in this school has_decreased_to 700 persons.这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。联想发散像decrease to/by . 表示“减少到/减少了”类似用法的动词还有：increase, reduce, decline, drop等。7operate vi.运转；运作；做手术，起作用 vt.操作；经营教材原句Similarly, companies will operate in different ways.类似地，公司也会以多种形式运营。(1)operate on sb./sth.给动手术(2)operation n. 运作；经营；手术bring/put .into operation 使运转；实施es/goes into operation 实施，生效；开始运行in operation 在运行中，起作用perform an operation 做手术She was very anxious while her husband was being operated on. 当她丈夫正在接受手术治疗时，她焦虑万分。When the machine is in_operation,_keep away from it. 机器运转时，请勿靠近。We must bring/put_the_plan_into_operation as soon as possible.我们必须尽快让计划实施。形象记忆名师指津operate可单独使用，用主动形式表示被动意义，这时其后常跟副词well, properly等。8respond vi.反应；回复，回答教材原句Many more people will work for small, dynamic companies which can respond quickly to changes in the market.很多人将在那些充满活力的小公司里工作，因为这些公司能够对市场的变化迅速地作出反应。(1)respond to回答，对作出反应respond that 回应称(2)response n. 回答；反应；响应make a/no response to . 对给予/没有回答in response to 作为对的反应Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it.接收到一条信息并不意味着你需要回复。In_response_to the features above, the following measures have been taken in system design.针对上述特点，在系统的设计上已采取以下措施。The famous film star made_no_response to the questions asked by reporters.那位知名影星没有对记者的提问给予回答。9bother vt.烦扰，打扰，使恼怒，使不安vi.烦恼，担心，麻烦，费心n.麻烦；令人烦恼的事或人高考佳句Im sorry to bother you, but could you direct me to the station？(2014湖北高考短文写作)对不起打扰你了，你能告诉我去车站的路吗？(1)bother sb. with/about sth. 因某事麻烦某人bother about sth. 为某事费心，为某事烦恼bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事It bothers/bothered sb. that . 使某人烦恼/担心的是(2)put sb. to any bother 给某人添乱why bother 没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦Most of the papers didnt even bother reporting/to_report(report) it.大多数报纸甚至懒得去报道这件事。It_bothers_Tom_that he cant find a job that he really likes.使汤姆烦恼的是，他不能找到一份他真正喜欢的工作。I dont want to put_him_to_any_bother,_so I try doing it by myself.我不想给他添乱，所以我试着靠自己做这件事。名师指津bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物”“讨厌的人”讲时，是单数可数名词。.基础点全练(单句语法填空/完成句子)1We had no hesitation in helping (help) the people in Tianjin when the explosion accident happened.2In response (respond) to complaints, the company reviewed its safety procedures.3Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.4I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working (work) on Sundays.5After consulting the doctor about her disease, she knew it wasnt serious and felt much relaxed. 6Whether the factory will be in the charge of me or not, I will resign.7Dont_bother_your_deskmate_about/with (不要麻烦你的同桌) the math problem. Try to work it out by yourself.8I can hardly imagine she should kill her friend out_of_envy (出于嫉妒)9He quarreled_with_his_best_friend (和他最好的朋友争吵) about the issue yesterday, but they have made up today.10No one can tell exactly when the world came_into_existence (开始存在). .重难点多练1decrease万花筒介、副词填空The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 20% last month.The members of the association have decreased to three hundred.The species of plants is decreasing in number every year.A few years ago it was an endangered species, but now the population is on the increase.2reward面面观(1)选词填空(reward/award)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for writing. In his spare time, he is always ready to help young writers. How can we reward his kindness?(2)一句多译那位老教授因对国家的贡献而获得光荣称号。1The_old_professor_received_a_title_as_a_reward_for_his_contributions_to_the_nation. (reward n)2The_old_professor_received_a_title_in_reward_for_his_contributions_to_the_nation. (reward n)3The_old_professor_was_rewarded_with_a_title_for_his_contributions_to_the_nation. (reward v).阅读词汇专练1根据语境选出charge的词性和词义(A)n.收费，要价(B)n.控告，指控(C)n.主管，掌管(D)v.收费，要价(E)v.控告，指控(F)v.充电She takes charge of the daytoday running of the company. _C_We have to make a small charge for refreshments (饮料). _A_Several people were arrested but nobody was charged. _E_He will be sent back to England to face a charge of armed robbery. _B_Do you think the museums should charge for admission? _D_Before use, the battery must be charged. _F_2根据语境选出operate的词性和词义(A)vt.操作(B)vi.起作用(C)vi.运转(D)vt.经营 (E)vi.动手术They operate three factories and a huge warehouse. _D_When searching for some information, we can operate it by touching the screen. _A_As we all know, solar panels can only operate in sunlight. _B_The doctors operated on her stomach last night. _E_The workers have the machine operating day and night. _C_1make up占，形成，构成；弥补；编造；整理；化妆；和好；组成经典例句He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick.(牛津P1056)他编了个借口，说他的女儿病倒了。一词多义写出下列句中make up的含义Nothing can make up for what they have suffered. 弥补They quarrelled the other day but they made up soon. 和好Leave this notice hanging on your door, asking the servant to make up your room. 整理I dont like to see women making up in public.化妆Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.占，构成make out(费力)理解；假装；辨认出；看清楚make it 取得成功；准时到达；做到了be made up of 由组成make for 移向；走向，促成；有利于make up for 弥补，补偿Theyll do all they can to make_up_for the economic losses. 他们要尽一切力量弥补这些经济损失。The flight leaves in twenty minutes well never make_it.航班二十分钟后离开，我们赶不上了。联想发散be made up of 表示“由组成/构成”，其同义短语还有：consist of, be composed of等。2pay off得到好结果；取得成功；还清，偿清；(付清工资后)解雇经典例句We paid off our mortgage after fifteen years.(牛津P1461)我们历经十五年的时间还清了抵押借款。一词多义写出下列句中pay off的含义It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.偿清，还清At last, his years of hard work paid off and he was admitted into Beijing University.得到好结果The boss paid off the employee due to his bad mangement. (付清工资后)解雇pay back偿还；报复pay for 付的钱；遭受惩罚pay up (把应付的钱)付清pay a visit to 参观；看望Unless you pay_up,_theyll cut off your gas supply.你要再不支付拖欠的煤气费，他们就要停止你的煤气供应。Ill certainly pay_you_back for what you did to me!你那样对待我，我一定会回敬你！If you dont work hard now, youll pay_for it later when you fail your exams.如果你现在不努力学习，到考试不及格时就得为此付出代价。名师指津pay off当“(努力、辛苦)取得好结果，得到回报”讲时，为不及物动词短语，在句中用主动语态。3in case以防万一；万一；假如教材原句Work with more than one program in case you have to use them at work, and try to read about new technology.学习几种软件以备工作之需，并努力了解新的技术。in case of .假使，在情况下in any case 无论如何in no case 绝不，在任何情况下都不in this/that case 如果是这样/那样in the case of . 就而言as is often the case 这是常有的事Please leave your phone number in_case we lose touch in_case_of emergency.请留下你的电话号码，以防有紧急情况发生时我们失去联系。In no case should_the_patient be allowed to get up until he has recovered from his illness.病人要痊愈后才能起床。Haste makes waste, as_is_often_the_case.欲速则不达，这是很常见的现象。名师指津(1)in case后跟状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，有时可用“should动词原形”。而in case of后跟名词，不跟从句。(2)in no case位于句首时，句子部分倒装。4Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the worlds richest and most advanced nations will find_it_more_and_more_difficult_to_keep up with the demand for change.在现在和21世纪的这段时期，这个世界上最富裕和最先进的国家的公民将会发现赶上变化的需求越来越难了。(1)句中使用了“finditadj.to do sth.”结构。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语“to keep up with the demand for change”，形容词difficult作宾语补足语。In fact, I still find_it_hard_to_make good friends with her.事实上，我发现还是很难跟她成为好朋友。(2)能用it作形式宾语的常见动词有：think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等。I dont feel_it_difficult_to_understand the VOA Special English program.我觉得理解美国之音慢速英语节目并不难。(3)it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。He makes it a rule never to_borrow money.