外文翻译--汽车悬架系统

附 录 A The automotive vehicle suspension system frame (or Unibody) and axle (or wheel) power transmission connection between all devices in general. Its function is to act on the road wheels on the vertical force (support force), the vertical reaction force (traction and braking) and lateral reaction force and the torque reaction force caused by the transfer to the frame (or Unibody) on, in order to ensure the normal running car. Therefore, the suspension system performance and quality performance for the vehicle plays an important role. This paper suspension systems for passenger cars and trucks in the widely used leaf spring design calculation method for the in-depth analysis and research. The article on the current variety of automotive leaf spring design calculation method of intensive analysis and research, summed up the characteristics of various calculation methods, limitations and application. Automotive leaf spring from the elastic component in addition to the role, but also and play the guiding role, and multi-chip friction between the spring damping system also played. As the leaf spring structure is simple, use and maintenance, and easy maintenance, long leaf springs are widely used in the car. Usually the new car design, according to the layout of a given space vehicle, axle load full load minus the estimated quality of non-sprung mass, obtained in each pair of spring bearing on the quality. Generally before the rear axle, wheels, brake drums and steering knuckle, transmission shaft, steering assembly, such as non-vertical rod sprung mass. If the layout of the axle above the leaf spring, spring 3 / 4 the quality of the non-sprung mass, the next set spring, 1 / 4 non-sprung mass spring mass models based on different requirements, general arrangement is given by the straight length of spring control size. In the arrangement possible, try to increase the length of the spring, mainly to consider the following reasons. As the spring stiffness and is inversely proportional to the cube of the length of the spring, so from the perspective of improving vehicle ride comfort, hope springs length longer good. In the spring stiffness of the same case, the long wheel up and down in the spring, the spring from the two ears changes the volume is relatively small, the front suspension, the caster angle change is small, in favor of auto driving stability. Increase the length of the spring can reduce stress and stress amplitude spring working to improve spring life. Can be used to increase the length of the spring reed thick spring, thereby reducing the number of springs and spring reed thick volume ear piece to improve the strength of the main vehicle sprung mass vibration system with quality components to evaluate the natural frequency of vehicle ride comfort important parameters. Suspension design based on vehicle ride comfort requirements, should be given an empty car, fully loaded, front and rear suspension frequency range. If you know the frequency, you can find the suspension static deflection. Select the suspension static deflection, the hope after the suspension static deflection is less than the front suspension static deflection, and the best value close to two vehicles in order to prevent uneven roads often hit the buffer block, suspension design must be given adequate deflection value. Suspension dynamic deflection and car usage and the value of the static deflection due to ride height, suspension travel and dynamic properties of steel spring guide are all fully loaded car with a high arc, and therefore the arc spring loaded high-value should be based on vehicle and suspension performance requirements are given the appropriate value. Some vehicles get good handling and stability, full arc high negative value. 附 录 B 汽车悬架系统是汽车车架 (或承载 式车身 )与车桥 (或车轮 )之间的一切传力连接装置的总称。它的功能是将路面作用于车轮上的垂直反力 (支撑力 )、纵向反力 (牵引力和制动力 )和侧向反力以及这些反力造成的力矩传递到车架 (或承载式车身 )上 ,以保证汽车的正常行驶。因此 ,悬架系统的性能和质量对于整车性能有着举足轻重的作用。本论文对于客车和货车悬架系统中广泛应用的钢板弹簧的设计计算方法进行了深入的分析与研究。 文中对汽车钢板弹簧现行的各种设计计算方法进行了深入细致的分析与研究 ,总结归纳了各种计算方法的特点、局限性及适用范围。汽车钢板弹簧除了起弹性元件作用之外 ，还兼起导向作用，而多片弹簧片间磨擦还起系统阻尼作用。由于钢板弹簧结构简单，使用维修、保养方便，长期以来钢板弹簧在汽车上得到广泛应用。通常新车设计时，根据整车布置给定的空、满载轴载质量减去估算的非簧载质量，得到在每副弹簧上的承载质量。一般将前、后轴，车轮，制动鼓及转向节、传动轴、转向纵拉杆等总成视为非簧载质量。如果钢板弹簧布置在车桥上方，弹簧 3/4 的质量为非簧载质量，下置弹簧， 1/4 弹簧质量为非簧载质量根据不同车型要求，由总布置给出弹簧伸直长度的控制尺寸。 在布置可能的情况下，尽量增加弹簧长度，这主要是考虑 以下几个方面原因。由于弹簧刚度与弹簧长度的三次方成反比，因此从改善汽车平顺性角度看，希望弹簧长度长些好。在弹簧刚度相同情况下，长的弹簧在车轮上下跳动时，弹簧两卷耳孔距离变化相对较小，对前悬架来说，主销后倾角变化小，有利于汽车行驶稳定性。增加弹簧长度可以降低弹簧工作应力和应力幅，从而提高弹簧使用寿命。增加弹簧长度可以选用簧片厚的弹簧，从而减少弹簧片数，并且簧片厚的弹簧对提高主片卷耳强度有汽车簧载质量与其质量组成的振动系统固有频率是评价汽车行驶平顺性的重要参数。悬