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CA6140车床法兰盘831004的工艺规程及钻 4—Φ9孔孔夹具设计【工艺装备+优秀+带UG三维图零件图+11张CAD图纸】【04FLP831004】

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CA6140车床法兰盘的加工工艺规程及钻 4—Φ9孔钻床夹具设计

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CA6140车床法兰盘831004的机械加工工艺规程及铣Φ90上下两侧平面夹具设计

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CA6140车床法兰盘(831004型号)的加工工艺规程及夹具设计

CA6140车床法兰盘(831004)零件的机械加工工艺规程及专用夹具设计

CA6140车床法兰盘831004的工艺规程及钻 4—Φ9孔夹具设计【工艺装备+优秀+带UG三维图零件图+11张CAD图纸】【04FLP831004】

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课题任务书

课题名称CA6140车床法兰盘的工艺规程与夹具设计

内容及任务

1.资料的调研、收集、加工整理

2.进行与设计课题相关的实习

3.根据资料设计出此零件并设计零件的加工工序,写出加工工艺卡

4.设计一钻床夹具,正确的绘制设计图纸

5.撰写毕业设计说明书

拟达到的要求或技术指标1.设计任务书一份.

2.中英文摘要一份.

3.夹具装配图和夹具三维图各一张.

4.零件图和零件毛坯图各一张.

5.夹具的零件图若干张.

6.工序卡一张和工艺卡

7.说明书一份.

主要参考资料1.东北重型机械学院,洛阳工学院,第一汽车制造厂职工大学编,《机床夹具设计手册》上海科技学技术出版社,1988年。

2.巩云鹏 田万禄 张祖立 黄秋波 主编《机械设计课程设计》东北大学出版社出版2000年。

3.殷国富 杨随先 主编《计算机辅助设计与制造技术原理及应用》四川大学出版社出版,2001年。

4.徐鸿本 主编《机床夹具设计手册》 辽宁科学科技技术出版社,2001年。

5.刘守勇 主编《机械制造工艺与机床夹具》 机械工业出版社出版,1994年。

6.浦林祥 主编《金属切削机床夹具设计手册》(第二版) 机械工业出版社,1995年。

7. 肖继德 陈宁平 主编《机床夹具设计》机械工业出版社出版 2002年。

8、《现代制造工艺设计方法》。段明扬主编2007年1月。

  广西师范大学出版社

9、《现代机械制造工艺设计实训教程》。段明扬主编 2007年1月。

  广西师范大学出版社

10、《机械制造工艺设计简明手册》。李益民主编1999年10月

  机械工业出版社

11、《切削用量简明手册》。艾兴等编2000年3月

  机械工业出版社

12、《机床夹具设计手册》。王光斗等主编2000年11月

  上海科学技术出版社

13、《金属机械加工工艺人员手册》。上海科技出版社

14、《机床夹具设计原理》。龚定安等主编

15、《机械制造技术基础》。华楚生 主编2000年4月

  重庆大学出版社

16、上海交通大学610教研组,机械制造工艺及装备设计(3)机床夹具设计,1977年

17、薛源顺,机床夹具设计(第二版),机械工业出版社, 2003年1月。

摘  要

   《机械制造工艺学》是机械专业的一门主要专业课,是以研究机械加工工艺技术和夹具设计为主技术学科,具有很强的实践性,要求学习过程中应紧密联系生产实践,同时它又具有很强的综合性,

本次毕业设计的课题是车床法兰盘加工工艺规程及某一工序专用夹具设计,主要内容如下:

首先,对零件进行分析,主要是零件作用的分析和工艺分析,通过零件分析可以了解零件的基本情况,而工艺分析可以知道零件的加工表面和加工要求。根据零件图提出的加工要求,确定毛坯的制造形式和尺寸的确定。

第二步,进行基面的选择,确定加工过程中的粗基准和精基准。根据选好的基准,制订工艺路线,通常制订两种以上的工艺路线,通过工艺方案的比较与分析,再选择可以使零件的几何形状、尺寸精度及位置精度等技术要求得到合理的保证的一种工序。

第三步,根据已经选定的工序路线,确定每一步的切削用量及基本工时,并选择合适的机床和刀具。对于粗加工,还要校核机床功率。

最后,设计工序—钻端面孔的夹具。先提出设计问题,再选择定位基准,然后开始切削力、夹紧力的计算和定位误差的分析。然后把设计的过程整理为图纸。

通过以上的概述,整个设计基本完成。

关键词  机械;加工工艺;夹具设计

ABSTRACT

A specialized main specialized course that " mechanical manufacturing engineering is studied " is machinery , rely mainly on studying machining technology and jig to design technological discipline , have very strong practicality , require that should contact production practices closely in the learning process, at the same time it has comprehensive the very strong one,

The subject of this graduation project is that lathe ring flange processing technology rules and special-purpose jig of a certain process are designed, the main content is as follows:

First of all, analyse , it is mainly analysis of the function of the part and craft analysis to the part , through part analyse can find out about basic situation of part, and craft analyse may know the processing surface of the part and is it require to process. The processing demand put forward according to the part picture, confirm the manufacture form of the blank and sureness of the size.

The second step, carry on the choice the base , confirm thick datum and precise datum in the processing course. According to the datum chosen , make the craft route , usually make the craft route of more than two kinds, with analysing through the comparison of the craft scheme, and then choosing be able to make such specification requirements as the precision of geometry form , size of the part and precision of position ,etc. get a kind of process of the rational assurance s.

The third step, according to the already selected process route, confirm for every steps of cutting consumption and basic man-hour , choose suitable lathe and cutter. To rough machining , will check the power of the lathe .

Finally , design the third process - the jig getting into the hole of the ring flange. Put

forward the question of designing first , and then choose to orient the datum , then the

calculation that begins to cut strength , clamp strength and analysis of the localization error. Then put the design course in order as the drawing.

Through the summary of the above, design and finish basically entirely.

Key words: machine; Process the craft; The tongs design

目  录

1 序言…………………………………………………………………………1

2 零件作用及设计任务……………………………………………………………3

3 计算生产纲领、确定生产类型……………………………………………4

4 零件的分析…………………………………………………………………4

  4.1零件作用………………………………………………………………4

  4.2零件工艺分析…………………………………………………………4

5 确定毛坯的制造方法、初步确定毛坯形状………………………………5

6 工艺规程设计………………………………………………………………6

6.1定位基准的选择………………………………………………………6

6.2工件表面加工方法的选择……………………………………………6

6.3制定工艺路线…………………………………………………………7

6.4确定加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸,设计、绘制毛坯图…………9

6.5确定切削用量、基本工时(机动时间) ………………………………10

7 夹具设计……………………………………………………………………33

7.1设计要求………………………………………………………………33

7.2夹具设计的有关计算…………………………………………………33

7.3夹具结构设计及操作简要说明………………………………………34

8 结语…………………………………………………………………………35

参考文献………………………………………………………………………36

致谢…………………………………………………………………………….37

1序言

机械加工工艺是实现产品设计,保证产品质量,节约能源,降低消耗的重要手段,是企业进行生产准备,计划调度,加工操作,安全生产和健全劳动组织的重要依据,也是企业上产品,上质量,上水平,加速产品更新,提高经济效益的技术保证。

机械制造工艺是各种机械的制造方法和过程的总称。它包括零件的毛坯制造,机械加工,热处理和产品的装配等,内容十分的广泛。然而,机械制造工艺学则是以机械加工和产品装配过程的工艺问题为主要研究对象的一门应用性技术科学。它在机械制造业中的大量生产基础上,诞生于本世纪30年代初期,40年代发展成熟,50年代以来,机械制造业向高精度,高效率,高度自动化和柔性化方向迈进,使其发展到一个新的水平。

机械制造工艺担负着为国民经济各部门提供各种机械装备的任务,在国民经济中具有十分重要的地位和作用。它提供的装备水平对国民经济各部门的技术进步有很大的,直接的影响,其规模和水平是反映国民经济实力和科学技术水平的重要标志。随着社会主义建设事业的发展和经济体制的转变,各行各业对机械产品的质量,数量和品种提出了更多,更高的要求。

我国机械制造工业经过40多年的发展,特别是近10多年来的改革开放,各种机械产品,如机床,汽车,重型机械,仪器仪表,各种民用机械等生产都具有相当的规模,已经形成了品种繁多,门类相当齐全,布局基本合理的机械制造工业体系。研制出了一批重大成套技术装备和多种精尖产品。

我国机械制造工业虽然取得了很大的成绩,但在生产只在技术方面,仍处于机械化生产为主的阶段,我国的机械制造技术与世界上先进国家的制造的超精密加工技术(加工精度为0.1-0.001m含纳米技术)和以计算机控制,具有柔性化、智能化、集成化特点的自动化制造技术相比还有阶段想的差距。

因此,作为机械制造工业基础的机械制造工艺,面临十分艰巨的任务。需要加快步伐,系统的、成套的研制制造工艺技术、加工装备和机械制造局部集成自动化系统,推广一批技术成套、设备完善的适宜工艺和装备改组、改造加工工业,提高机械制造工业的产品质量和工艺技术水平。

   而本设计中还有另外一个重要的部分是夹具,作为机械制造厂里使用最平常的一种工艺装备,它分为机床夹具、焊接夹具、装配夹具及检验夹具等,其作用为:对工件进行加工时,为了保证加工要求,首先要是工件相对于刀具及机床有正确的位置,并使这个位置在加工过程中不因外力的影响而变动。为此,在进行机械加工前,先要将工件装夹好。

夹具装夹工件有以下几个优点:

(1)能稳定地保证工件的加工精度。用夹具装夹工件时,工件相对刀具及机床的位置精度由夹具保证,不受工人技术水平的影响,使一批工件的加工精度趋于一致。

(2)能提高劳动生产率。使用夹具装夹工件方便、快速,工件不需要划线找正,可显著地减少辅助工时,提高劳动生产率。

(3)能扩大机床的使用范围。

本设计包括上述工艺和夹具设计两个部分。加工工艺规程方面要求:在得出零件图和毛坯制造方法后,再制订出零件的机械加工工艺路线。夹具设计方面要求 :在确定设计方案后,绘出结构原理图,然后选择定位元件,计算定位误差,最后得出夹紧力,从而设计出夹紧机构。

要研究或解决的问题、拟采用的方法或技术路线:

该设计中需要解决的问题主要是确定一个比较合理的工艺路线。其解决思路应该从以下几个方面考虑:

(1)保证零件可靠地达到图样规定的各项技术要求之下,产品质量应稳定可靠,技术上先进,经济上合理,有良好的劳动条件。

(2)根据每个加工表面的技术要求,选择能保证该要求的最终加工方法。

(3)基于可保证加工质量、可合理利用机床、及时发现毛坯缺陷等原因,划分加工阶段。

   (4)安排了加工顺序后,需将各加工表面的各次加工,按不同的加工阶段和加工顺序组合成若干个工序,从而拟定出零件加工的工艺路线,制定合理机械加工工艺规程。

机械制造工艺设计是在我们完成了全部基础课、技术基础课、大部分专业课以及参加了生产实习之后进行的。是我在毕业时对所学各课程的一次深入的综合性的检验,也是一次理论联系实际的训练,因此,它在我以后工作生活具有重要的意义。

通过本次毕业设计,应该得到下述各方面的锻炼:

(1) 能熟练运用机械制造工艺设计中的基本理论以及在生产实习中学到的实践知识,正确地解决一个零件在加工中的定位、夹紧以及工艺路线安排、工艺尺寸确定等问题,保证零件的加工质量。

(2) 提高结构设计的能力。通过设计夹具的训练,应当获得根据被加工零件的加工要求,设计出高效、省力、经济合理而且能保证加工质量的夹具的能力。

(3) 学会使用手册及图表资料。掌握与本设计有关的各种资料的名称、出处、能够做到熟练运用。

2 零件作用及设计任务

CA6140卧式车床上的法兰盘,为盘类零件,用于卧式车床上。车床的变速箱固定在主轴箱上,靠法兰盘定心。法兰盘内孔与主轴的中间轴承外圆相配,外圆与变速箱体孔相配,以保证主轴三个轴承孔同心,使齿轮正确啮合。主要作用是标明刻度,实现纵向进给。

分析法兰盘的技术要求,并绘制零件图。设计零件技术机械加工工艺规程,填写工艺文件。设计零件机械加工工艺装备。设计机床专用夹具总装图中某个主要零件的零件图。

3计算生产纲领、确定生产类型

设计题目给定的零件是CA6140车床法兰盘(0404)零件,该零件年产量为4000件,设其备品率 为4%,机械加工废品率 为1%,则该零件的年生产纲领为:

N=Qn(1+ + )=4000×1(1+4%+1%)=4200(件/年)       ………………………   1

法兰盘的年产量为4200件,查表可知该产品为中批生产。

4零件的分析

4.1 零件的作用

题目给的零件是CA6140卧式车床上的法兰盘,它位于车床丝杆的末端,主要作用是标明刻度,实现纵向进给。零件的 100外圆上标有刻度线,用来对齐调节刻度盘上的刻度值,从而能够直接读出所调整的数值;外圆上钻有底部为 20mm上部为Φ9 的定位孔,实现精确定位。法兰盘中部Φ6 的通孔则给传递力矩的标明通过,本身没有受到多少力的作用。

参考文献

1.东北重型机械学院,洛阳工学院,第一汽车制造厂职工大学编,《机床夹具设计手册》上海科技学技术出版社,1988年。

2.巩云鹏 田万禄 张祖立 黄秋波 主编《机械设计课程设计》东北大学出版社出版2000年。

3.殷国富 杨随先 主编《计算机辅助设计与制造技术原理及应用》四川大学出版社出版,2001年。

4.徐鸿本 主编《机床夹具设计手册》 辽宁科学科技技术出版社,2001年。

5.刘守勇 主编《机械制造工艺与机床夹具》 机械工业出版社出版,1994年。

6.浦林祥 主编《金属切削机床夹具设计手册》(第二版) 机械工业出版社,1995年。

7. 肖继德 陈宁平 主编《机床夹具设计》机械工业出版社出版 2002年。

8、《现代制造工艺设计方法》。段明扬主编2007年1月。

  广西师范大学出版社

9、《现代机械制造工艺设计实训教程》。段明扬主编 2007年1月。

  广西师范大学出版社

10、《机械制造工艺设计简明手册》。李益民主编1999年10月

  机械工业出版社

11、《切削用量简明手册》。艾兴等编2000年3月

  机械工业出版社

12、《机床夹具设计手册》。王光斗等主编2000年11月

  上海科学技术出版社

13、《金属机械加工工艺人员手册》。上海科技出版社

14、《机床夹具设计原理》。龚定安等主编

15、《机械制造技术基础》。华楚生 主编2000年4月

  重庆大学出版社

16、上海交通大学610教研组,机械制造工艺及装备设计(3)机床夹具设计,1977年

17、薛源顺,机床夹具设计(第二版),机械工业出版社, 2003年1月。


内容简介:
2011届毕业设计(论文) 材 料 系 、 部: 机械工程系 学生姓名: 蒋林荣 指导教师: 罗建华 职 称: 教授 专 业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级: 机本0701 学 号: 214070144 2011 年 5 月湖南工学院毕业设计(论文)工作中期检查表题目CA6140车床法兰盘的工艺规程与夹具设计学生姓名蒋林荣 学号214070144专业机械设计制造及其自动化指导教师填写学生开题情况学生调研及查阅文献情况毕业设计(论文)原计划有无调整学生是否按计划执行工作进度学生是否能独立完成工作任务学生的英文翻译情况学生每周接受指导的次数及时间毕业设计(论文)过程检查记录情况学生的工作态度在相应选项划“”认真一般较差尚存在的问题及采取的措施:指导教师签字: 年 月 日系部意见: 负责人签字:年 月 日湖南工学院毕业设计(论文)评阅评语表题目CA6140车床法兰盘的工艺规程与夹具设计学生姓名蒋林荣班级学号机本0701214070144专业机械设计制造及其自动化评阅教师姓名职称工作单位评分内容具 体 要 求总分评分开题情况调研论证能独立查阅文献资料及从事其他形式的调研,能较好地理解课题任务并提出实施方案,有分析整理各类信息并从中获取新知识的能力。10外文翻译摘要及外文资料翻译准确,文字流畅,符合规定内容及字数要求。10设计质量论证、分析、设计、计算、结构、建模、实验正确合理。35创新工作中有创新意识,有重大改进或独特见解,有一定实用价值。10撰写质量结构严谨,文字通顺,用语符合技术规范,图表清楚,书写格式规范,符合规定字数要求。15综合能力能综合运用所学知识和技能发现与解决实际问题。20总评分评阅教师评阅意见评阅成绩总评分20%评阅教师签名日期湖南工学院毕业设计(论文)答辩资格审查表题 目CA6140车床法兰盘的工艺规程与夹具设计学生姓名蒋林荣学 号214070144专 业机械设计制造及其自动化指导教师罗建华该设计中需要解决的问题主要是确定一个比较合理的工艺路线。需要通过2种不同方案的优、缺点对比确定最合理的工艺路线。主要内容如下:首先,对零件进行分析,主要是零件作用的分析和工艺分析,通过零件分析可以了解零件的基本情况,而工艺分析可以知道零件的加工表面和加工要求。根据零件图提出的加工要求,确定毛坯的制造形式和尺寸的确定。第二步,进行基面的选择,确定加工过程中的粗基准和精基准。根据选好的基准,制订工艺路线,通常制订两种以上的工艺路线,通过工艺方案的比较与分析,再选择可以使零件的几何形状、尺寸精度及位置精度等技术要求得到合理的保证的一种工序。第三步,根据已经选定的工序路线,确定每一步的切削用量及基本工时,并选择合适的机床和刀具。对于粗加工,还要校核机床功率。最后,设计工序钻端面孔的夹具。先提出设计问题,再选择定位基准,然后开始切削力、夹紧力的计算和定位误差的分析。然后把设计的过程整理为图纸。这次设计虽然遇到很多问题,但是在老师和同学的帮助下还是完成了本次设计。达到了老师的基本要求,希望老是给我一个答辩的机会。 申请人签名: 日期:资 格 审 查 项 目是否01工作量是否达到所规定要求02文档资料是否齐全(任务书、开题报告、外文资料翻译、定稿论文及其相关附件资料等)03是否完成任务书规定的任务04完成的成果是否达到验收要求05是否剽窃他人成果或者直接照抄他人设计(论文)指导教师签名: 毕业设计(论文)答辩资格审查小组意见:符合答辩资格,同意答辩 不符合答辩资格,不同意答辩审查小组成员签名: 年 月 日注:此表中内容综述由学生填写,资格审查项目由指导教师填写。2011 届毕业设计(论文)课题任务书系:机械工程系 专业:机械设计制造及其自动化 指导教师罗建华学生姓名蒋林荣课题名称CA6140车床法兰盘的工艺规程与夹具设计内容及任务1.资料的调研、收集、加工整理2.进行与设计课题相关的实习3.根据资料设计出此零件并设计零件的加工工序,写出加工工艺卡4.设计一钻床夹具,正确的绘制设计图纸5.撰写毕业设计说明书拟达到的要求或技术指标1. 设计任务书一份.2. 中英文摘要一份.3. 夹具装配图和夹具三维图各一张.4. 零件图和零件毛坯图各一张.5. 夹具的零件图若干张.6. 工序卡一张和工艺卡7. 说明书一份.进度安排2011.22011.32011.32011.42011.42011.52011.52011.6调研、收集资料,熟悉课题内容,完成开题报告确定比较合理的工艺规程,完成中期检测。设计夹具,编写设计说明书。整理资料,准备答辩毕业答辩主要参考资料1. 东北重型机械学院,洛阳工学院,第一汽车制造厂职工大学编,机床夹具设计手册上海科技学技术出版社,1988年。2. 巩云鹏 田万禄 张祖立 黄秋波 主编机械设计课程设计东北大学出版社出版2000年。3. 殷国富 杨随先 主编计算机辅助设计与制造技术原理及应用四川大学出版社出版,2001年。4. 徐鸿本 主编机床夹具设计手册 辽宁科学科技技术出版社,2001年。5. 刘守勇 主编机械制造工艺与机床夹具 机械工业出版社出版,1994年。6.浦林祥 主编金属切削机床夹具设计手册(第二版) 机械工业出版社,1995年。7. 肖继德 陈宁平 主编机床夹具设计机械工业出版社出版 2002年。8、现代制造工艺设计方法。段明扬主编2007年1月。 广西师范大学出版社9、现代机械制造工艺设计实训教程。段明扬主编 2007年1月。 广西师范大学出版社10、机械制造工艺设计简明手册。李益民主编1999年10月 机械工业出版社11、切削用量简明手册。艾兴等编2000年3月 机械工业出版社12、机床夹具设计手册。王光斗等主编2000年11月 上海科学技术出版社13、金属机械加工工艺人员手册。上海科技出版社14、机床夹具设计原理。龚定安等主编15、机械制造技术基础。华楚生 主编2000年4月 重庆大学出版社16、上海交通大学610教研组,机械制造工艺及装备设计(3)机床夹具设计,1977年17、薛源顺,机床夹具设计(第二版),机械工业出版社, 2003年1月。教研室意见年 月 日系主管领导意见年 月 日湖南工学院2011 届毕业设计(论文)指导教师评阅表系:机械工程系 学生姓名蒋林荣学 号214070144班 级机本0701专 业机械设计制造及其自动化指导教师姓名罗建华课题名称CA6140车床法兰盘的工艺规程与夹具设计评语:(包括以下方面,学习态度、工作量完成情况、材料的完整性和规范性;检索和利用文献能力、计算机应用能力;学术水平或设计水平、综合运用知识能力和创新能力;)是否同意参加答辩:是 否指导教师评定成绩分值:指导教师签字: 年 月 日湖南工学院2011届毕业设计(论文)答辩及最终成绩评 定 表系(公章):机械工程系 学生姓名蒋林荣学号214070144班级机械设计制造及其自动化答辩日期课题名称CA6140车床法兰盘的工艺规程与夹具设计指导教师罗建华成 绩 评 定分值评 定小计课题介绍思路清晰,语言表达准确,概念清楚,论点正确,实验方法科学,分析归纳合理,结论严谨,设计(论文)有应用价值。30答辩表现思维敏捷,回答问题有理论根据,基本概念清楚,主要问题回答准确大、深入,知识面宽。必答题40自由提问30合 计100答 辩 评 分分值:答辩小组长签名:答辩成绩a: 40指导教师评分分值:指导教师评定成绩b: 60最终评定成绩: 分数: 等级:答辩委员会主任签名: 年 月 日说明:最终评定成绩a+b,两个成绩的百分比由各系自己确定,但应控制在给定标准的10左右。 2011 届毕业设计说明书 CA6140车床法兰盘的工艺规程与夹具设计系 、 部: 机械工程系 学生姓名: 蒋林荣 指导教师: 罗建华 职称 教授 专 业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级: 机本0701 完成时间: 2011年5月 英文资料High-speed millingHigh-speed machining is an advanced manufacturing technology, different from the traditional processing methods. The spindle speed, cutting feed rate, cutting a small amount of units within the time of removal of material has increased three to six times. With high efficiency, high precision and high quality surface as the basic characteristics of the automobile industry, aerospace, mold manufacturing and instrumentation industry, such as access to a wide range of applications, has made significant economic benefits, is the contemporary importance of advanced manufacturing technology. For a long time, people die on the processing has been using a grinding or milling EDM (EDM) processing, grinding, polishing methods. Although the high hardness of the EDM machine parts, but the lower the productivity of its application is limited. With the development of high-speed processing technology, used to replace high-speed cutting, grinding and polishing process to die processing has become possible. To shorten the processing cycle, processing and reliable quality assurance, lower processing costs.1 One of the advantages of high-speed machiningHigh-speed machining as a die-efficient manufacturing, high-quality, low power consumption in an advanced manufacturing technology. In conventional machining in a series of problems has plagued by high-speed machining of the application have been resolved.1.1 Increase productivity High-speed cutting of the spindle speed, feed rate compared withtraditional machining, in the nature of the leap, the metal removal rate increased 30 percent to 40 percent, cutting force reduced by 30 percent, the cutting tool life increased by 70% . Hardened parts can be processed, a fixture in many parts to be completed rough, semi-finishing and fine, and all other processes, the complex can reach parts of the surface quality requirements, thus increasing the processing productivity and competitiveness of products in the market.1.2 Improve processing accuracy and surface quality High-speed machines generally have high rigidity and precision, and other characteristics, processing, cutting the depth of small, fast and feed, cutting force low, the workpiece to reduce heat distortion, and high precision machining, surface roughness small. Milling will be no high-speed processing and milling marks the surface so that the parts greatly enhance the quality of the surface. Processing Aluminum when up Ra0.40.6um, pieces of steel processing at up to Ra0.2 0.4um.1.3 Cutting reduce the heat Because the main axis milling machine high-speed rotation, cutting a shallow cutting, and feed very quickly, and the blade length of the workpiece contacts and contact time is very short, a decrease of blades and parts of the heat conduction. High-speed cutting by dry milling or oil cooked up absolute (mist) lubrication system, to avoid the traditional processing tool in contact with the workpiece and a lot of shortcomings to ensure that the tool is not high temperature under the conditions of work, extended tool life.1.4 This is conducive to processing thin-walled parts High-speed cutting of small cutting force, a higher degree of stability, Machinable with high-quality employees compared to the company may be very good, but other than the companys employees may Suanbu Le outstanding work performance. For our China practice, we use the models to determine the method of staff training needs are simple and effective. This study models can be an external object, it can also be a combination of internal and external. We must first clear strategy for the development of enterprises. Through the internal and external business environment and organizational resources, such as analysis, the future development of a clear business goals and operational priorities. According to the business development strategy can be compared to find the business models, through a comparative analysis of the finalization of business models. In determining business models, a, is the understanding of its development strategy, or its market share and market growth rate, or the staff of the situation, and so on, according to the companies to determine the actual situation. As enterprises in different period of development, its focus is different, which means that enterprises need to invest the manpower and financial resources the focus is different. So in a certain period of time, enterprises should accurately selected their business models compared with the departments and posts, so more practical significance, because the business models are not always good, but to compare some aspects did not have much practical significance, Furthermore This can more fully concentrate on the business use of limited resources. Identify business models, and then take the enterprise of the corresponding departments and staff with the business models for comparison, the two can be found in the performance gap, a comparative analysis to find reasons, in accordance with this business reality, the final identification of training needs. The cost of training is needed, if not through an effective way to determine whether companies need to train and the training of the way, but blind to training, such training is difficult to achieve the desired results. A comparison only difference between this model is simple and practical training.1.5 Can be part of some alternative technology, such as EDM, grinding high intensity and high hardness processing High-speed cutting a major feature of high-speed cutting machine has the hardness of HRC60 parts. With the use of coated carbide cutter mold processing, directly to the installation of a hardened tool steel processing forming, effectively avoid the installation of several parts of the fixture error and improve the parts of the geometric location accuracy. In the mold of traditional processing, heat treatment hardening of the workpiece required EDM, high-speed machining replace the traditional method of cutting the processing, manufacturing process possible to omit die in EDM, simplifying the processing technology and investment costs . High-speed milling in the precincts of CNC machine tools, or for processing centre, also in the installation of high-speed spindle on the general machine tools. The latter not only has the processing capacity of general machine tools, but also for high-speed milling, a decrease of investment in equipment, machine tools increased flexibility. Cutting high-speed processing can improve the efficiency, quality improvement, streamline processes, investment and machine tool investment and maintenance costs rise, but comprehensive, can significantly increase economic efficiency.2 High-speed milling High-speed milling the main technical high-speed cutting technology is cutting the development direction of one of it with CNC technology, microelectronic technology, new materials and new technology, such as technology development to a higher level. High-speed machine tools and high-speed tool to achieve high-speed cutting is the prerequisite and basic conditions, in high-speed machining in the performance of high-speed machine tool material of choice and there are strict requirements. 2.1 High-speed milling machine in order to achieve high-speed machiningGeneral use of highly flexible high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, and some use a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. At the same time a high-speed machine tool spindle system and high-speed feeding system, high stiffness of the main characteristics of high-precision targeting and high-precision interpolation functions, especially high-precision arc interpolation function. High-speed machining systems of the machine a higher demand, mainly in the following areas:General use of highly flexible high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, and some use a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. At the same time a high-speed machine tool spindle system and high-speed feeding system, high stiffness of the main characteristics of high-precision targeting and high-precision interpolation functions, especially high-precision arc interpolation function. High-speed machining systems of the machine a higher demand, mainly in the following areas: High-speed milling machine must have a high-speed spindle, the spindle speed is generally 10000 100000 m / min, power greater than 15 kW. But also with rapid speed or in designated spots fast-stopping performance. The main axial space not more than 0 .0 0 0 2 m m. Often using high-speed spindle-hydrostatic bearings, air pressure-bearing, mixed ceramic bearings, magnetic bearing structure of the form. Spindle cooling general use within the water or air cooled. High-speed processing machine-driven system should be able to provide 40 60 m / min of the feed rate, with good acceleration characteristics, can provide 0.4 m/s2 to 10 m/s2 acceleration and deceleration. In order to obtain good processing quality, high-speed cutting machines must have a high enough stiffness. Machine bed material used gray iron, can also add a high-damping base of concrete, to prevent cutting tool chatter affect the quality of processing. A high-speed data transfer rate, can automatically increase slowdown. Processing technology to improve the processing and cutting tool life. At present high-speed machine tool manufacturers, usually in the general machine tools on low speed, the feed of the rough and then proceed to heat treatment, the last in the high-speed machine on the half-finished and finished, in improving the accuracy and efficiency at the same time, as far as possible to reduce processing Cost.2.2 High-speed machining tool High-speed machining tool is the most active one of the important factors, it has a direct impact on the efficiency of processing, manufacturing costs and product processing and accuracy. Tool in high-speed processing to bear high temperature, high pressure, friction, shock and vibration, such as loading, its hardness and wear-resistance, strength and toughness, heat resistance, technology and economic performance of the basic high-speed processing performance is the key One of the factors. High-speed cutting tool technology development speed, the more applications such as diamond (PCD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), ceramic knives, carbide coating, (C) titanium nitride Carbide TIC (N) And so on. CBN has high hardness, abrasion resistance and the extremely good thermal conductivity, and iron group elements between the great inertia, in 1300 would not have happened significant role in the chemical, also has a good stability. The experiments show that with CBN cutting tool HRC35 67 hardness of hardened steel can achieve very high speed. Ceramics have good wear resistance and thermal chemical stability, its hardness, toughness below the CBN, can be used for processing hardness of HRC 5 0 parts. Carbide Tool good wear resistance, but the hardness than the low-CBN and ceramics. Coating technology used knives, cutting tools can improve hardness and cutting the rate, for cutting HRC40 50 in hardness between the workpiece. Can be used to heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys, hightemperature alloy, cast iron, Chungang, aluminum and composite materials of high-speed cutting Cut, the most widely used. Precision machining non-ferrous metals or non-metallic materials, or the choice of polycrystalline diamond Gang-coated tool.2.3 High-speed processing technology High-speed cutting technology for high-speed machining is the key. Cutting Methods misconduct, will increase wear tool to less than high-speed processing purposes. Only high-speed machine tool and not a good guide technology, high-speed machining equipment can not fully play its role. In high-speed machining, should be chosen with milling, when the milling cutter involvement with the workpiece chip thickness as the greatest, and then gradually decreased. High-speed machining suitable for shallow depth of cut, cutting depth of not more than 0.2 mm, to avoid the location of deviation tool to ensure that the geometric precision machining parts. Ensure that the workpiece on the cutting constant load, to get good processing quality. Cutting a single high-speed milling path-cutting mode, try not to interrupt the process and cutting tool path, reducing the involvement tool to cut the number to be relatively stable cutting process. Tool to reduce the rapid change to, in other words when the NC machine tools must cease immediately, or Jiangsu, and then implement the next step. As the machine tool acceleration restrictions, easy to cause a waste of time, and exigency stop or radical move would damage the surface accuracy. In the mold of high-speed finishing, in each Cut, cut to the workpiece, the feed should try to change the direction of a curve or arc adapter, avoid a straight line adapter to maintain the smooth process of cutting.3 Die in high-speed milling processing of Milling as a highly efficient high-speed cutting of the new method,in Mould Manufacturing has been widely used. Forging links in the regular production model, with EDM cavity to be 12 15 h, electrodes produced 2 h. Milling after the switch to high-speed, high-speed milling cutter on the hardness of HRC 6 0 hardened tool steel processing. The forging die processing only 3 h20min, improve work efficiency four to five times the processing surface roughness of Ra0.5 0.6m, fully in line with quality requirements. High-speed cutting technology is cutting technology one of the major developments, mainly used in automobile industry and die industry, particularly in the processing complex surface, the workpiece itself or knives rigid requirements of the higher processing areas, is a range of advanced processing technology The integration, high efficiency and high quality for the people respected. It not only involves high-speed processing technology, but also including high-speed processing machine tools, numerical control system, high-speed cutting tools and CAD / CAM technology. Die-processing technology has been developed in the mold of the manufacturing sector in general, and in my application and the application of the standards have yet to be improved, because of its traditional processing with unparalleled advantages, the future will continue to be an inevitable development of processing technology Direction.4 Numerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasureEquip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced, and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor . Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop ones own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of high-grade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control and equipping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Technology of the sensor; (6)Software engineering ,etc. Development trend of a numerical control technologyThe application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the peoples livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equipping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect 1- in its main research focus. 5 A high-speed, high finish machining technology and new trend equippedThe efficiency, quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles, walls. Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank pay empty make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equipping the demand which has proposed high-speed, high precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes up. HyperMach lathe of U.S.A. CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed, it is 100m/min to be fast, the acceleration reaches 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h; The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 120000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5m up to from 10m already, accurate grades of machining center from 35m, rise to 11.5m, and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (0.01m). In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . In order to realize high-speed, high finish machining, if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft, straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is expanded further . 5.2 Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axes Adopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part, can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter , not only highly polished, but also efficiency improves by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged, the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 2 3 axle gear beds, is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part, 5 axles link and process 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system , host computer structure that but go over, it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles , in addition the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great, have restricted the development of 5 axle gear beds. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make, it makes degree of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost, the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks. So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe (process the lathe including 5). At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair, can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle, make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls. Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUVoution series machining center, but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly. 5.3 Become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently, openly, networkedly.The numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is produced automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically; The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; There are content of intelligence diagnose , intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc.Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present, such as NGC of U.S.A. (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), OSACA of European Community (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller) of Japan, ONC (Open Numerical Control System) of China, etc. The numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open. The so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and end user, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control function), form the serration, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, communication norm , disposing norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software development ,etc. are the core of present research. The networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line , manufacture system , demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, realize new manufacture mode such as quick make , fictitious enterprise , basic Entrance that the whole world make too. Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced relevant new concepts and protons of a machine in the past two years, if in EMO2001 exhibition, Cyber Production Center that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan (Mazak) (intellectual central production control unit, abbreviated as CPC); The lathe company of Japanese big Wei (Okuma ) exhibits IT plaza (the information technology square , is abbreviated as IT square ); Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction. 5.4 Pay attention to the new technical standard, normal setting-up5.4.1 Design the norm of developing about the numerical control system As noted previously, there are better common ability, flexibility, adaptability, expanding in the open numerical control system, such countries as U.S.A. ,European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on the research and formulation of the systematic norm (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ) of numerical control of the open system structure, 3 biggest economies in the world have carried on the formulation that nearly the same science planned and standardized in a short time, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of numerical control technology. Our country started the research and formulation of standardizing the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000. 5.4.2 About the numerical control standard The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Information exchange among 50 years after numerical control technology was born was all because of ISO6983 standard, namely adopt G, M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he cant meet high-speed development of modern numerical control technologys needs more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC) in the world, its purpose is to offer a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system, can describe the unified data model in cycle of whole life of the products, thus realize the whole manufacture process, standardization of and even each industrial field product information. The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technological field of the numerical control, on the development and even the whole manufacturing industry of numerical control technology, will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on individual computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open , networked development of numerical control technology. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system can also reduce and process the drawing (about 75%), process the procedure to work out the time (about 35%) and process the time (about 50%) greatly. At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1-2001.12.3) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users, manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed the super model (Super Model ) which accuses of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMENS, FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present. 6 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our country The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. In this stages, because technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow. During Sixth Five-Year Plan Period , the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period of the country in second stage and earlier stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period , namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is and during the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period on the later stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period of the country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In latter stage for the Ninth Five-Year Plan , the domestic occupation rate of market of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular). Make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements. a. Have established the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has mastered modern numerical control technology basically. Our country has already, the numerical control host computer, basic technology of special plane and fittings grasped and driven from the numerical control system and survey basically now, among them most technology have already possessed and commercialized the foundation developed, some technology has already, industrialization commercialized. b. Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize, set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity in batches such as numerical control in Central China, numerical control of the spaceflight etc. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, such factory and the first machine tool plant of Beijing , the first machine tool plant of Jinan ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories of a batch of servo systems and servo electrical machineries as the numerical control in Central China, etc. These factories have formed the numerical control industrial base of our country basically. c. Have set up a numerical control research, development, managerial talents basic team. Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of numerical control technology, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, especially there is greater disparity in current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level in industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (compare foreign countries with) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world, estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level. a. On the engineering level, in probably backward 10-1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology. b. On the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the large-scale production yet; The specialized level of production of function part and ability of forming a complete set are relatively low; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient; Ones own brand effect that the domestic numerical control system has not been set up yet, users have insufficient confidence. c. On the ability of sustainable development, research and development of numerical control technology, project ability is relatively weak to the competition; It is not strong that the technological application of numerical control expands dynamics; Research, formulation that relevant standards are normal lag behind. It is analyzed that the main reason for having above-mentioned disparity has the following several respect. a. Realize the respect. Know to industrys process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently; It is difficult to underestimate to add strangling, system, etc. to the unstandard, foreign blockade of the market; It is not enough to analyse to the technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country. b. System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue, consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one, industry chain in terms of technology; Have not set up related system, perfect training , service network of intact high quality ,etc. and supported the system. c. Mechanism. It causes the brain drain, restraining technology and technological route from innovating again, products innovation that the bad machine is made, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning, has often planned the ideal, implement the difficulty. d. Technology. The autonomous innovation in technology of enterprises is indifferent; the project of key technology is indifferent. The standard of the lathe lags behind, the level is relatively low, it is not enough for new standard of the numerical control system to study. 7 pairs of strategic thinking of technology and industrialized development of numerical control of our country 7.1 Strategic consideration Our country make big country, industry is it is it accept front instead of transformation of back end to try ones best to want in shifting in world, namely should master and make key technology advanced, otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, the manufacturing industry of our country will step forward and leave the core spaces . We regard resource, environment , market as the cost, it is only an international machining center in the new economic pattern of the world to exchange the possibility got and assemble the centre , but not master the position of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously. We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to numerical control technology and industrys question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the peoples living standard but also can alleviate the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from national defense security, the western developed country has classified all the high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of the country, realizing the embargo and restriction to our country, Toshiba incident and Cox Report is the best illustration. 7.2 Development tactics Proceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equipping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose to make key technology upgraded in development of equipping industry and support technology supporting the development of industrialization in our country in initial stage of 21st century in leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jump development of the equipping industry as the content of research and development . Emphasize market demand is a direction, namely take terminal products of numerical control as the core, with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine, high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe, digitized machinery of model, key industry key equipment, etc.) drive the development of the numerical control industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability that (digitized servo system and electrical machinery, high speed electric main shaft system and new-enclosure that equip, etc.) and production scale question. There are no products that scale will not have high dependability; Will not have cheap and products rich in the competitiveness without scale; Certainly, it is difficult to have day holding up ones head finally that there is no scale Chinese numerical control equipment.In equiping researching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of the end user, regard drawing, using, selling as the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in order to solve the needing badly of the country. Numerical control technology, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing the technology and products with independent intellectual property right before the competition, establish the foundation for the industry of numerical control of our country, sustainable development of equipment manufacture and even the whole manufacturing industry. 英文翻译对照高速铣削高速切削加工是一种先进制造技术,不同于传统加工方式。它的主轴转速高、切削进给速度高、切削量小,单位时间内的材料切除量却增加36 倍。它以高效率、高精度和高表面质量为基本特征,在汽车工业、航空航天、模具制造和仪器仪表等行业中获得了广泛的应用,取得了重大的经济效益,是当代先进制造技术的重要应用。长期以来,人们对模具的加工一直采用铣削一磨削或者电火花(EDM)加工、打磨、抛光的方法。虽然电火花可加工硬度很高的工件,但较低的生产率使它的应用受到制。随着高速加工技术的发展,采用高速切削取代磨削抛光和电加工进行模具加工已成为可能。使加工周期大为缩短,加工质量得到可靠保证,加工成本降低。1 高速切削加工的优势高速切削加工作为模具制造中集高效、优质、低耗于一身的先进制造技术。在常规切削加工中备受困扰的一系列问题,通过高速切削加工的应用得到了解决。1.1 提高生产率高速切削的主轴转速、进给速度与传统切削加工相比,发生了本质性的飞跃,其金属切除率提高了30%40%,切削力降低了30%,刀具的切削寿命提高了70%。还可加工淬硬零件,许多零件一次装夹可完成粗、半精和精加工等全部工序,对复杂型面也能达到零件表面质量要求,进而提高了加工生产率和产品的市场竞争力。1.2 改善加工精度和表面质量高速机床普遍具备高刚性和高精度等特点,加工时切削深度小,而进给速度较快,切削力低,工件热变形减少,而加工精度很高,表面粗糙度很小。高速铣削可获得无铣痕的加工表面,使零件表面质量大大提高。加工铝合金时可达Ra0.40.6um,加工钢件时可达Ra0.20.4um。1.3 减少切削产生的热量因为铣床主轴高速旋转,切削加工是浅切削,同时进给速度很快,刀刃和工件的接触长度和接触时间非常短,减少了刀刃和工件的热传导。高速切削采用干铣或油一气(油雾)润滑系统,避免了传统加工时在刀具和工件接触处产生大量热的缺点,保证刀具在温度不高的条件下工作,延长了刀具的使用寿命。1.4 有利于加工薄壁零件高速切削时的切削力小,有较高的稳定性,可加工高质量同本公司内部员工相比可能是非常优秀的,但是同其他的公司的员工相比工作绩效可能算不了优秀。就我们中国实际来说,我们使用标杆分析法来确定员工培训需求是简单有效的。这种学习标杆对象可以是外部的,也可以是内部和外部的结合。首先要明确企业的发展战略。通过对企业内外部环境和组织资源等分析,明确企业未来发展的目标和业务重点。根据企业的发展战略寻找可以比照的标杆企业,通过比较分析,最后确定标杆企业。在确定标杆企业后,有一项,是了解其发展战略,还是其市场占有率和市场增长率,还是员工各方面的情况等等,这要根据本企业的实际情况来确定。由于企业在不同的发展时期,其着力点是不同的,即企业需要投入的物力人力财力的重点是不同的。所以在一定的时期内,企业要准确地选定其跟标杆企业比较的部门和岗位,这样更加具有实际意义,因为标杆企业并不是处处都好,而且有些方面进行比较没有多少实际意义,再者这样可以更充分地集中利用企业的有限资源。确定标杆企业后,然后拿本企业的相应的部门和员工同标杆企业进行比较,可以发现两者在工作绩效的差距,比较分析,寻找原因,根据本企业的实际,最后确定培训需求。培训是需要成本的,如果没有通过有效的方式,去确定企业是否需要培训以及培训的方式,而是盲目进行培训,这样的培训是难以取得预期的效果。有比较才有区别,这种培训分析模型简单实用。1.5 可部分替代某些工艺,如电火花加工、磨削加工高速切削的一大特点,高速切削已可加工硬度达HRC60 的零件。采用带涂层的硬质合金刀具加工模具,直接将淬硬工具钢一次安装加工成形,有效地避免了零件多次安装造成的装夹误差,提高了零件的几何位置精度。在传统加工模具的工艺中,对热处理硬化后的工件需进行电火花加工,用高速切削加工替代传统切削的加工方法,可以省去模具制造工艺中的电火花加工,简化了加工工艺和投资成本。高速铣削加工可在专用的CNC 机床或加工中心上进行,也可在加装高速主轴的普通机床上进行。后者不仅具有普通机床的加工能力,而且还可进行高速铣削,减少了设备投资,增加了机床柔性。高速切削可以使加工效率提高、质量提高、工序简化,机床投资和刀具投资及维护费用上升,但综合比较,可以显著提高经济效益。2 高速铣削加工高速铣削加工的主要技术高速切削技术是切削加工技术的发展方向之一,它随着C N C 技术、微电子技术、新材料和新工艺等技术的发展而迈上更高的台阶。高速机床和高速刀具是实现高速切削的前提和基本条件,在高速切削加工中对高速机床的性能和刀具材料的选择有严格的要求。2.1 高速铣削加工机床为了实现高速切削加工一般采用高柔性的高速数控机床、加工中心,也有的采用专用的高速铣、钻床。机床同时具有高速主轴系统和高速进给系统,高的主轴刚度特性,高精度定位功能和高精度插补功能,特别是圆弧高精度插补功能。高速切削加工对机床的工艺系统提出了更高的要求,主要表现在以下几个方面:高速铣削机床必须具有高速主轴,主轴的转速10000100000m/min,功率大于15kW。还应具有快速升速、在指定位置快速准停的性能。主轴的轴向间隙不大于0 .0 0 0 2 m m 。高速主轴常采用液体静压轴承式、空气静压轴承式、混合陶瓷轴承、磁悬浮轴承式等结构形式。主轴冷却一般采用内部水冷或气冷。高速加工机床的驱动系统应能够提供4060m/min 的进给速度,具有良好的加速度特性,能够提供0.4m/s2 到10m/s2的加速度和减速度。为了获得良好的加工质量,高速切削机床必须具有足够高的刚度。机床床身材料采用灰铸铁,还可以在底座中添加高阻尼特性的混凝土,以防止切削时刀具颤振影响加工质量。具有高速数据传输率,能够自动加减速。加工工艺有利于切削加工和提高刀具寿命。目前高速机床的厂家,通常在普通机床上进行低速、大进给的粗加工,然后进行热处理,最后在高速机床上进行半精加工和精加工,在提高精度和效率的同时尽可能地降低加工成本。2.2 高速切削加工刀具刀具是高速切削加工中最活跃重要的因素之一,它直接影响着加工效率、制造成本和产品的加工精度。刀具在高速加工过程中要承受高温、高压、摩擦、冲击和振动等载荷,因此其硬度和耐磨性、强度和韧性、耐热性、工艺性能和经济性等基本性能是实现高速加工的关键因素之一。高速切削加工的刀具技术发展速度很快,应用较多的如金刚石(P C D)、立方氮化硼(C B N))、陶瓷刀具、涂层硬质合金、(碳)氮化钛硬质合金T I C (N)等。立方氮化硼具有很高的硬度、极强的耐磨性和良好的导热性,与铁族元素之间有很大的惰性,在1300也不会发生显著的化学作用,还具有良好的稳定性。实验表明,用CBN 刀具切削硬度HRC3567 的淬火钢可以达到很高速度。陶瓷材料具有良好的耐磨性和热化学稳定性,其硬度、韧性低于C B N ,可用于加工硬度H R C 5 0 的零件。硬质合金刀具耐磨性好,但硬度比立方氮化硼和陶瓷低。采用刀具涂层技术,可以提高刀具硬度和切削加工的速度,适合切削硬度在HRC4050 之间的工件。可用于耐热合金、钛合金、高温合金、铸铁、纯钢、铝合金及复合材料的高速切削,应用最为广泛。精密加工有色金属或非金属材料时,选用聚晶金刚石或金刚石涂层刀具。2.3 高速加工工艺高速切削的工艺技术也是进行高速切削加工的关键。切削方法选择不当,会使刀具加剧磨损,达不到高速加工的目的。只有高速机床和刀具没有好的工艺技术指导,高速切削加工设备也不能充分发挥作用。在高速切削加工中,应尽量选用顺铣加工,顺铣时刀具切入工件的切屑厚度为最大,随后逐渐减小。高速切削加工适于浅的切深,切削深度不超过0.2mm,可避免刀具的位置偏差,确保加工零件的几何精度。保证工件上的切削载荷恒定,以获得好的加工质量。高速切削采用单一路径顺铣切削模式,尽量不中断切削过程和刀具路径,减少刀具的切入切出次数,以获得相对稳定的切削过程。减少刀具的急速换向,在换向时NC机床必须立即停止或降速,再执行下一步操作。由于机床的加速度限制,易造成时间浪费,而且急停或急动会破坏表面精度。在模具的高速精加工中,在每次切入、切出工件时,进给方向的改变应尽量采用圆弧或曲线转接,避免采用直线转接,以保持切削过程的平稳性。3 高速铣削在模具加工中的应用高速铣削作为高效切削加工的新方法,在模具制造中得到了广泛应用。在常规生产连杆锻模时,用电火花加工型腔需1215h,电极制作2h。改用高速铣削后,采用高速立铣刀对硬度H R C 6 0 的淬硬工具钢进行加工。整个锻模加工只需3h20min,工效提高45 倍,加工表面粗糙度达Ra0.50.6m ,质量完全符合要求。高速切削技术是切削加工技术的主要发展方向之一,目前主要应用于汽车工业和模具行业,尤其是在加工复杂曲面、工件本身或刀具刚性要求较高的加工领域等,是多种先进加工技术的集成,其高效、高质量为人们所推崇。它不仅涉及到高速加工工艺,而且还包括高速加工机床、数控系统、高速切削刀具及C A D / C A M 技术等。模具高速加工技术目前已在发达国家的模具制造业中普遍应用,而在我国的应用范围及应用水平仍有待提高,由于其具有传统加工无可比拟的优势,仍将是今后加工技术必然的发展方向。4 数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度,数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业(如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业)的使能技术和最基本的装备。马克思曾经说过“各种经济时代的区别,不在于生产什么,而在于怎样生产,用什么劳动资料生产”。制造技术和装备就是人类生产活动的最基本的生产资料,而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最为核心的技术。当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术,以提高制造能力和水平,提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。此外,世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资,不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业,而且在“高精尖”数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。总之,大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术,数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品,即所谓的数字化装备,其技术范围覆盖很多领域:(1)机械制造技术;(2)信息处理、加工、传输技术;(3)自动控制技术;(4)伺服驱动技术;(5)传感器技术;(6)软件技术等。5 数控技术的发展趋势数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化,使制造业成为工业化的象征,而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大,他对国计民生的一些重要行业(IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等)的发展起着越来越重要的作用,因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看,其主要研究热点有以下几个方面14。5.1 高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率,提高产品的质量和档次,缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能
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