高考英语一轮复习 基础考点聚焦 Unit 15 Learning 北师大版必修5.doc

unit 15 learning 话题：学校生活(school life)1.subject n科目2.abundant adj.丰富的3.knowledge n.知识4.habit n.习惯5.participate v.参加6.strengthen v.加强7.virtue n.美德8.board v.寄宿9.dormitory n.公寓10.relaxation n.放松11.communicate v.交流12.be occupied in忙于13.spare no effort不遗余力14.be accustomed to习惯于15.concentrate on集中精力于16.the key to success成功的关键17.build up ones body增强体质18.overcome difficulty克服困难19.make up ones mind下决心20.get into a bad habit 染上坏习惯1.i come back home after a days work, hungry and exhausted.我在一天的工作后回到家，又饿又累。2.the blog serves as an open platform where we can learn a lot of things.博客是一个我们可以学习很多东西的开放平台。3.attracted by interesting topics, we are free to take part in the weekly discussion.被有趣的话题吸引，我们都自由参加每周的讨论。 (2017四川高三联考)某学生英文报向高中生征稿，主题是“我在学校的一天”。请根据下列要点和要求，结合自己的实际完成短文。 1.学习； 2.课外活动；3.感想或收获。i wake up to greet a new day at 6：40. after washing up, i ride my bicycle to school. in the morning, i have five classes which cover all the subjects that interest me. after lunch break, i have three other classes. in the evening, i sit at my desk working hard at my homework.the most interesting part of my school day is afterclass activities. as a sports lover, i play basketball with my classmates in the afternoon.i come back home after a days work, tired and exhausted, but i have become smarter because of the knowledge i gain at school and stronger owing to the exercise i take on the playground. 1spelling n拼写2backwards adv.由后向前地3blank adj.空白的4status n.现状；社会地位5chief adj.最高级别的6saying n.格言，谚语7alphabet n.字母表8mild adj.温和的9pace n.速度，步速10drag vt.拖，拉11fellow n.同伴12rank n.职衔13shadow n.阴影，影子14civilisation n.文明15conventional adj.传统的，保守的1correction n.改正，改进2secure adj.稳定的；无忧无虑的3swell v.被充满；膨胀，肿胀4bury vt. 埋葬5distinguish vt.区别，辨别6reputation n.名誉，名声7slight adj.少量的，微小的8obey vt.服从，听从9outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的10misunderstand v.误解11pour vt.倒，灌12lack vt.缺乏，没有13acquire vt.获得，得到14unwilling adj.不情愿的15vital adj.极其重要的1suspect v怀疑suspicious adj.怀疑的2instruct v指导，教导instructive adj.有益的；有教育意义的instruction n教育，指导3punishment n惩罚，处罚punish vt.惩罚4reflect vt.反映；反射reflection n反射；反省；想法5select vt.挑选selection n选拔；选择6access n(使用或见到的)机会，权利accessible adj.易到达的；随和的7worthwhile adj.值得努力的worthy adj.值得的worth adj.值得的，有价值的 n价值8ignore vt.忽视，不顾ignorant adj.不知道的ignorance n无知9approve v赞成；认可；满意approval n赞成10urge vt.力劝，强烈要求urgent adj.紧急的urgency n迫切11inspire v启发；鼓舞inspiration n灵感；给予鼓舞(激励)之人/事inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的inspired adj.受启示的12assume vt.假定，假设assumption n. 假定，假设13adapt vt.(使)适应adaptation n改造adaptable adj.能适应的14appreciation n欣赏appreciate vt.重视；鉴赏；感激15simplify vt.简化simple adj.简单的；单纯的simply adv.简单地；仅仅 用所给词的适当形式填空1it is wrong of you to ignore the traffic rules.in fact，there are still many people who are ignorant of them.it is their ignorance that leads to many accidents.(ignore)2the local villagers were in urgent need of help，so we urged the government to take action at once，for it was a matter of great urgency(urge)3my daughter is very adaptable and im sure that she will adapt herself to the new school and now she is seeing a film which is an adaptation from a real person.(adapt)4it was a simple question，for our teacher always simplified his explanation for us.some students lost marks simply because they didnt read the question properly.(simply)5i couldnt finish the essay，for i was short of inspirationwhen i heard the inspiring music，i became inspired and i was sure that i would finish it soon.(inspire)1lay_off裁员；解雇2aside_from除之外3set_off出发；使爆炸；引发4be_accustomed_to习惯于5approve_of赞成，赞许6as_a_whole总的来说7switch_off关闭8to_a_certain_extent在某种程度上9tend_to倾向于，往往会10frankly_speaking老实说，说实话11go_up上涨，上升12go_blank(头脑)变成空白13put_forward提出14in_conclusion最后，总之15to_start_with首先，第一 选用上面的短语填空it is reported that the problem of haze 1.tends_to become worse.it 2.sets_off a heated discussion in our class.it results from the fact that many people lack the awareness of environmental protection.some people 3.are_accustomed_to driving to work；others dont 4.switch_off the lights when they leave the room.5.in_conclusion，everyone should try to live a green life to make the air around us clean.1be about to do.“正要做”，通常与when连用now im about to graduate from the school of continuing education at qinghua university with a bachelors degree in computer engineering by distance learning.【仿写】我正要去看电影，这时来了一位不速之客。i was_about_to_see the film when an unexpected visitor came.2its time (that).“是的时候了”，从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即动词过去式或“should动词原形”i decided that it was time i became an internet user.【仿写】是我们同虚假食品和药品广告作斗争的时候了。its time that we_fought/should_fight_against_the_false_advertisements_for_food_and_medicine3wish后的从句常用虚拟语气sometimes i wish i could phone him and ask for his opinion！【仿写】我真希望你再也不要沉迷于微信朋友圈了。i wish (that) you wouldnt_be_addicted_to_wechat_moments any longer.虚拟语气单句语法填空1if i had(have) enough money，i would help the poor children.2if i had_worked(work) harder at college，i wouldnt be living a poor life now.3if she had_taken(take) my advice，she wouldnt have failed in the exam.4i wish he gave(give) up the bad habit to live a healthier life from now on.5he suggested that we (should)_leave(leave) that small factory to receive more education. suspectv怀疑，不信任，猜想n可疑分子，嫌疑犯(教材p36)i suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，并且想哭。suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事suspect sb./sth.to be.怀疑某人/某物为suspect that.怀疑 i suspect he was lying by the boys abnormal behaviour.从那个男孩的反常举动中，我怀疑他在撒谎。i suspected alex deliberately of forgetting her purse that day.我怀疑亚历克丝那天是故意遗忘了她的钱包。巧学活用一句多译这个人怀疑那天晚上他的邻居偷了他的羊。(1)the man suspected_his_neighbour_of_stealing_his_sheep that night.(2)the man suspected_that_his_neighbour_stole_his_sheep that night. distinguishvi.& vt.区别，辨别；显示的差别；使有所不同(经典例句)he learned to distinguish a great variety of birds，animals and plants.他学会了辨别不同种类的飞禽、走兽和植物。(1)distinguish between.and.区分/辨别和distinguish.from.使有别于distinguish oneself (as.)(作为) 表现突出(2)distinguished adj.卓越的be distinguished for sth.以而著称 the twins are so alike that its difficult to distinguish one from the other.这对双胞胎太像了，很难分辨谁是谁。honestly speaking，i admire your distinguished achievements.诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。基础练习单句语法填空(1)(2015广东高考)daniel anderson, a famous psychologist, believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children from those of the family. (2)he was the most distinguished(distinguish) scholar in his field.能力提升单句写作(3)阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。reading good books enriches_our_mind_and_teaches_us_to_distinguish_between_right_and_wrong reflectvt.映射；反映；反射；思考vi.思考(教材p38)our school motto reflects the importance we place on good manners，hard work and success.我们学校的格言反映了我们重视礼貌、勤奋工作和成功的重要性。(1)be reflected in.在中映照；在中被反映reflect on/upon思考(2)reflection n.反射；反映；考虑on/upon reflection仔细考虑后 it is reported that public anger was reflected in the latest opinion survey.据报道，最近的观点调查反映了公众的不满。(2016全国卷乙)in these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.在这些文化中，沉默是对反思的召唤。基础练习单句语法填空(1)i turned around and glanced at them reflected(reflect) in the mirror. (2)you should set aside some time to reflect on successes and failures every day.(3)the old man was sitting in the warm air，reflecting(reflect) on the day.(4) i thought that i was right, but on reflection(reflect), i think perhaps i wasnt. 能力提升高考小作文(5)(重庆高考写作)这反映了当今青少年更关心手机而不是朋友的趋势。it_reflects_a_trend_that nowadays teenagers care_more_about_their_phones instead of friends.(6)(2015福建高考书面表达)当然，今天事情完全不同了。不是故事本身而是故事反映的道理很重要。of course, things are totally different today. it is not the story itself but what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts lackvi.& vt.缺乏，没有n缺乏；短缺的东西(2016北京高考)what is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.今天青少年所缺少的是对自主的渴望和对不安全的世界的理解之间的冲突。(1)(a) lack of sth.缺少某物for lack of sth.因缺少(2)lack sth.缺少某物lack for nothing什么也不缺(3)lacking adj.缺少的；不足的be lacking in sth.缺少某物 the teacher said that most of her problems resulted from a lack of confidence.老师说，她的很多问题是因为信心不足。though lacking time，he still managed to help me do the work.尽管没时间，他还是设法帮我干这活。(1)lack作名词时，后常接介词of；作及物动词时，直接加宾语；作不及物动词时，后常接介词for。(2)lacking为形容词，一般不放在名词前。基础练习单句语法填空(1)the children lack for nothing although the parents are poorly dressed.(2)she was afraid of losing face on the stage because she was lacking(lack) in training.能力提升一句多译因为缺钱，他的父母没让他上学。(3)his parents didnt send him to school because they lacked_money(lack v)(4)his parents didnt send him to school because_of/for_lack_of_money(lack n)(5)lacking_money，his parents didnt send him to school.(用现在分词) accessn接近或进入之路；(使用或见到的)机会，权利(教材p40)the thing about being a teacher is that you have access to childrens minds when they are open and eager to learn.作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时走进他们的思想。(1)have/get/obtain/gain access to.拥有的机会； 可以接近； 可进入have no access to没有的机会； 无法接近give access to接近； 准许进入(2)accessible adj.可接近的； 可进入的；可使用的be accessible to.可接近/靠近/使用 liu yun said in her speech that everyone especially girls should have access to education.刘云在演讲中说，每个人，特别是女童，应该有接受教育的权利。they said that their goal was to make adult education accessible to more people.他们说他们的目标是让成人教育面向更多的人。access前通常不加冠词， 且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。基础练习单句语法填空(1)(上海高考书面表达)for one thing，with almost all of us having access(accessible) to the internet and other media sources, such news is within our easy reach.(2)the internet is the biggest source of information in the world，and its accessible(access) through a computer.能力提升一句多译我们学校里的每个同学都有机会使用网络和别的媒体资源。(3)everyone in our school has_access_to the internet and other media sources.(access)(4)the internet and other media sources give_access_to everyone in our school. (access)(5)the internet and other media sources are_accessible_to everyone in our school.(accessible) worthwhileadj.值得努力的(教材p40)and if what i do as a teacher can help turn a child like graham into such a successful adult，then i know what im doing is worthwhile.如果我作为老师所做的能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。(1)it is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.做某事是值得的。(2)worth adj.值得的，有价值的be well worth doing很值得做be worth it值得一做；值得花精力(3)worthy adj.值得的be worthy of sth./being done/to be done值得/值得做 (2016天津高考)boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society.在家里或者社区里劳动的男孩子们获得了能力，逐渐感觉到他们是对社会有用的成员。it is worthwhile to spend/spending money developing childrens interest in music.花钱培养孩子在音乐方面的兴趣是值得的。基础练习单句语法填空(1)it is worth making(make) an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.(2)guilin is a beautiful place. its worthwhile going/to_go(go) there. 能力提升一句多译(2015全国卷书面表达)既然你对中国的传统文化感兴趣， 我认为这个节日是值得体验的。 (3)since you are interested in traditional chinese cultures, i think this festival is_worth_experiencing(worth)(4)now that you are interested in traditional chinese cultures, i think this festival is_worthy_to_be_experienced/is_worthy_of_being_experienced(worthy)(5)since you are interested in traditional chinese cultures, i think it_is_worthwhile_experiencing/to_experience this festival. (worthwhile) acquirevt.获得，得到，取得(教材p42)it seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.我们如何获取知识和理解现在好像是显而易见的。acquire a knowledge of.学会了acquire a good reputation获得好名声acquire a taste for开始喜欢上acquire a habit of养成的习惯 as far as i know，she has acquired a good knowledge of english.据我所知，她的英语已经学得很好了。the young man acquired a habit of staying up while studying abroad.这个年轻人在国外学习时，养成了熬夜的习惯。巧学活用单句写作(1)(2015重庆高考写作)与此同时， 他们彼此交流思想和情感， 通过这些他们可能获得更多的知识。 meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they_probably_acquire_more_knowledge(2)为了获得全部信息， 我问了许多不同的问题。to_acquire_all_the_information,_i asked many different questions. urgevt.催促；力劝，强烈要求；驱策n强烈的欲望；冲动(江西高考书面表达)in order to improve learning efficiency, i urge that all of us (should) form the habit of thinking independently and reviewing lessons in time.为了提高学习效率，我主张大家应该养成独立思考和及时复习的习惯。(1)urge sb. to do/into doing sth.催促某人做某事urge that.(should) do sth.极力主张； 强调it is urged that.(should) do sth.坚决要求(2)urgent adj.紧急的； 迫切的 (2015广东高考写作)i urge to make a rule which says “learn from each other”，hoping that they will learn more knowledge and make more friends by helping each other.我极力主张制定一个规则， 倡导彼此相互帮助， 希望他们通过相互帮助广交朋友， 学习更多知识。it is urged that immediate action (should) be taken to prevent such a thing happening again.人们极力主张应该立刻采取措施阻止这样的事情再次发生。基础练习单句语法填空(1)(2016江苏高考)parents should actively urge their children to_take(take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.(2)it is strongly urged that the library (should)_be_kept(keep) open during the vacation.(3)the people in the earthquakestricken area are in urgent (urge) need of food，medicine and shelters.能力提升一句多译随着期末考试的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。(urge)(4)our teacher urges_us_to_study_hard with the final exam drawing near.(5)our teacher urges_us_into_studying_hard with the final exam drawing near.(6)our teacher urges_that_we_(should)_study_hard,_as the final exam is drawing near. inspirev启发；鼓舞；感动；激发(2016天津高考)cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm.凯茜用她的意志力和热情激励了我们。(1)inspire sb.to do sth鼓励某人做某事(2)inspiration n.灵感(3)inspired adj.受影响的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的， 激励人的 (2016北京高考)in the following few days, the men and women helping rockaway recover inspired natalie.在接下来的几天里，那些男人和女人们帮助洛科威康复这件事鼓舞了娜塔莉。his journey to south america was a source of fresh ideas and inspiration.他的南美洲之行是新想法和灵感的源泉。 my thanks should go to those inspiring me to go ahead and giving me support as well. 我感谢那些鼓励我前进并给予我支持的人。基础练习单句语法填空(1)i havent started writing the articleim still waiting for inspiration(inspire)(2)the beauty of the west lake inspired a lot of poets to_write(write) their great poetry.能力提升单句改错(3)the speaker showed up an inspired story of love and determination that day.inspired_inspiring(4)when they listened to the speech by the armless pianist, they all felt inspiring.inspiringinspired(5)inspiring by the chinese womens volleyball team, the boy works harder than before. inspiringinspired assumevt.假定，假设；设想；假装；承担(2016江苏高考单项填空)in art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.在艺术评论中，你必须假定这位艺术家有一个秘密的信息隐藏在作品中。(1)assume sb./sth.to be.假设某人/某物是it is assumed that.人们认为(2)assumption n.假定；假设make an assumption作出臆断(3)assuming (that).假设 we must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.尚未证实他有罪，我们就得假定他是清白的。this score is assumed to represent the achievement of an average sevenyearold.这个分数被认为反映了普通的七岁儿童所能达到的水平。基础练习单句语法填空(1)a lot of people make the assumption(assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.(2)assuming(assume) that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?(3)it is assumed(assume) that poor performance at school results from laziness and carelessness.(4)dont assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more.(assume)能力提升一句多译据我所知， 许多人认为他是正确的。(5)as far as i know, a great many people assume_him_to_be_right(assume)(6)as far as i know, a great many people make_the_assumption_that he is right.(assumption)(7)as far as i know, it_is_assumed_that he is right.(assume) adaptvt.(使)适应；改编(教材p123)for a start，it would be hard adapting to a new culture.首先，适应一种新文化会是很难的。(1)adapt (oneself) to 使适应于adapt sth.from根据改编be adapted for为而改写、改编(2)adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的(3)adaptation n.适应；改编；改写本 (2015江苏高考)serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and adapt themselves to the reality.认真的读者会对发生在一些新闻故事中的事情感到兴奋，从而使自己适应现实。the tv play so young in 2016 was adapted from a novel with the same name.2016年的电视剧致青春是根据同名小说改编的。基础练习单句语法填空(1)she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable(adapt)(2)alcohol and drug use often appear as a result of poor adaptation(adapt) to ones surroundings.(3)you can adapt the material for anything from divers suits to gloves.能力提升一句多译这部电影改编自莫言的小说，吸引了很多人。(4)the film which_was_adapted_from_mo_yans_novel has attracted many people.(用定语从句)(5)adapted_from_mo_yans_novel,_the film has attracted many people.(用过去分词作状语)(6)the film adapted_from_mo_yans_novel has attracted many people. (用过去分词作定语) lay off裁员；解雇；停止(教材p36)three months ago，when my manager told me that i would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.三个月前，当经理告诉我我将被解雇时，我的大脑一片空白，心里充满了愤怒。lay off sth.停止使用某物lay off doing sth.停止做某事lay down放下；中断(工作)lay aside把放在一边；储存(某物)待用 they had to cut back production and lay off workers because of the crisis.因为这次危机，他们不得不削减产量，解雇工人。to keep healthy，youd better lay off fatty foods for a while.为了保持健康，你最好暂时别吃高脂食物了。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)its time to lay aside our differences and work together for a shared purpose.(2)the meeting has begun.please lay down your pens and listen to the spe