高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 2 The United Kingdom讲义 新人教版必修5.doc

unit 2 the united kingdom 话题素材英国历史话题词汇1.coastal adj. 沿海的2.nation n. 国家；民族3.immigration n. 移居；移民4.primitive adj. 原始的；远古的5.worldwide adj.& adv. 遍及全世界(的)6.at_one_time 一度；曾经7.be located/situated in/lie in 位于8.be made up of 由组成9.be famous/wellknown for 因为而闻名10.be surrounded by 被所环绕11.have a population of 有人口12.a developed country 一个发达国家13.a place of interest 名胜古迹14.be rooted in 根源在于；植根于15.local customs and practices 风土人情经典佳句1.everybody knows that the united kingdom consists_of four countries.众所周知大不列颠联合王国由四个国家组成。2.i managed_to_collect some useful information, including british culture and history.我设法收集了一些有用的信息，包括英国的文化和历史。3.britain has many places_of_interest,_which attract a lot of tourists from all_over_the_world.英国有许多名胜，吸引了世界各地的游客。精美语篇dear bob，how are you recently? im glad to tell you that im going to study in britain next year. therefore, i am eager to learn more about britain. could you offer any information to me？as far as i know, the weather is very changeable in britain, is that true? i hope you can tell me more about the climate there so that i can make preparations in advance. ive also heard that the underground systems in many big cities are well developed. does it mean that i can travel around just by taking the underground？of course, what i care about most is the school life in your country. i think it will be interesting and exciting. can you give me more details about it? do you have to do a lot of homework just as we do? can overseas students participate in all kinds of activities in your school？by the way, id like to know whether i can find any chinese food in britain or not. you see, im not sure whether i can get used to the foods in your country.im looking forward to your reply.yours sincerely，li hua高频单词1.unite (vi.& vt.) 联合；团结united (adj.) 团结的；联合的union (n.) 联合；联盟；结合；协会2.consist (vi.) 组成；在于；一致consistent (adj.) 一致的3.clarify (vt.) 澄清；阐明clarified (adj.) 澄清的；透明的4.accomplish(vt.) 完成；达到；实现accomplishment (n.) 完成；成就5.convenience (n.) 便利；方便convenient (adj.) 方便的6.attract (vt.) 吸引；引起注意attraction (n.) 吸引；吸引力attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的7.description (n.) 描写；描述describe (vt.) 描述；形容；描绘8.furnished (adj.) 配备好装备的；带家具的furnish (vt.) 装备；(用家具等)布置(房间、公寓)；提供9.possibility (n.) 可能(性)possible (adj.) 可能的；合理的10.arrange (vt.) 筹备；安排；整理arrangement (n.) 布置；整理11.fold (vt.) 折叠；对折unfold (反义词) (vi. & vt.) 展开；打开；呈现12.delight (n.) 快乐；高兴；喜悦 (vt.) 使高兴；使欣喜delighted (adj.) 高兴的；快乐的delightful (adj.) 令人高兴的13.thrill (vt.) 使激动；使胆战心惊thrilled (adj.) 激动的重点短语1.consist_of由组成2.divide . into 把分成3.refer_to 谈到；说到；参考；涉及4.break_away_(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离5.to_ones_credit 为带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名下6.leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑7.take the place of 代替8.break down (机器)损坏；破坏9.make a list of 列出一张的清单10.on special occasions 在特殊场合11.in memory of 为纪念12.be proud of 对感到骄傲热点句型1.find宾语宾语补足语now when people refer to england you find wales included_as_well (发现也包括在内)(教材p10)2.do表示强调，强调谓语动词to their credit the four countries do_work_together (的确共同协作) in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.(教材p10)3.过去分词短语作后置定语for historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built_by (被建造) the romans.(教材p10)4.过去分词短语作状语worried_about_the_time_available (担心时间不够), zhang pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in london.(教材p14)5.状语从句的省略it looked splendid when_first_built (刚建成的时候)！(教材p14)6.it seems/seemed . that . “似乎”it_seemed_strange that (这似乎是一件怪事) the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in london.(教材p14)同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.england is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly _ three zones.答案：into2.happily this was accomplished _ conflict when king james of scotland became king of england and wales as well.答案：without3.it is a pity that the industrial cities _ (build) in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.答案：built4.there you will find _ more about british history and culture.答案：out5.you must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the united kingdom _ (enjoy) and worthwhile.答案：enjoyable6._her great surprise, zhang pingyu found the queens jewels _ (guard) by special royal soldiers.答案：to; guarded7.then just as she came out of the abbey, pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, big ben, _ (ring) out the hour.答案：ringing8._ interested her most was the longitude line.答案：what9.when she saw many visitors _ (enjoy) looking at the beautiful old chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.答案：enjoying10.the next day pingyu was leaving london windsor castle.答案：for1 conflictn. 矛盾；冲突v. 冲突；抵触教材原句happily this was accomplished without conflict when king james of scotland became king of england and wales as well.(p10)令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时并未经过战争。(1)in conflict with sb. 与某人有冲突come into conflict with 与产生冲突(2)conflict with 与相冲突she found herself in_conflict_with her parents over her future career.她发现在将来的职业问题上与父母有冲突。the results of the new research would seem to conflict_with existing theories.新的研究成果似乎和已有的理论相抵触。2 conveniencen便利；方便教材原句england is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.(p10)英格兰是四个国家中最大的，为方便起见，它大致可划分成三个地区。(1)for convenience 为了方便起见at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候for the convenience of . 为了方便(2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的if it is convenient (for you) 如果(你)方便的话it is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事。(3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便inconvenient adj. 不方便的convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。when you come to school, please visit my office at your convenience.你来学校时，请方便时来我的办公室一下。if_its_convenient_for_you,_lets meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.如果方便的话，让我们8：30在校门口见。im convinced that it_will_be more convenient_for_people_to_do shopping online in the future.我相信未来人们网上购物会变得更加方便。3 attractvt.吸引；引起注意教材原句it is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.(p10)可惜的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。(1)attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事be attracted by 被所吸引(2)attraction n. 吸引力；吸引人之物；喜欢(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的be attractive to 对有吸引力her new clothes are attracting a lot of attention.她的新衣服引起了很大关注。even the youngest children in the class were_attracted_by the story.即使是班里最小的孩子都被这个故事所吸引。this programme has little attraction for the audience.这个节目对观众几乎没有吸引力。4 arrangevt.筹备；安排；整理教材原句they had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they had it organized by a company. (p13)他们没有时间筹备自己的婚礼，因此他们让一家公司代为组织。(1)arrange (for) sth. 整理/安排/筹划某事arrange to do sth. 安排做某事arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事(2)arrangement n. 安排；准备make arrangements for . 为做安排表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth.，而不用arrange sb. to do sth.。parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母为孩子准备好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。have you arranged_to_meet mark this weekend?你安排好周末与马克会面了吗？the manager has arranged_for_him_to_attend the meeting.经理已安排他去参加会议。i am looking forward to being told about your arrangements for the vacation.我盼望着你告诉我你的假期安排。5 delightn快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜教材原句her first delight was going to the tower. (p14)她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。(1)令某人非常高兴的是take delight in (doing) sth. 以为乐in/with delight 高兴地(2)delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的be delighted to do sth. 乐意做某事be delighted at 因感到满意(3)delightful adj. 使人快乐的；讨人喜欢的to_my_delight,_i was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式。we take_delight_in going for long walks in the country.我们乐于去乡间远足。i was_delighted_at the presence of such a student. 我对这样一个学生的出现感到很高兴。its delightful to see so many beautiful flowers.看到这么多漂亮的花真令人高兴。.单句语法填空1there is no _(possible) that he can finish the task in such a short time.答案：possibilitythere is no possibilitythat 从句“没有可能”。2this job doesnt pay well, but itll _(rough) cover your daily expenses.答案：roughly此处修饰动词cover，故用副词形式。roughly “大概地；粗略地”。3she was delighted _ the news of the wedding.答案：atbe delighted at “因感到高兴”。4no matter how _ (attract) they look in the store, once i get them home theyre unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.答案：attractive空处作look的表语，且其前有程度副词how修饰，故用形容词。attractive “吸引人的；有吸引力的”。5_(thrill) at the good news, she couldnt say a word.答案：thrilledbe thrilled at . “对感到兴奋”，此处用过去分词短语作状语。.单句改错1my husband arranged me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday._答案：arranged后加for2rainbow valley is great tourist attraction, drawing many visitors every year._答案：is后加a3please come and see me for your convenience._答案：forat4she thrilled with terror when she saw the scene of the murder._答案：she后加was5she found herself on conflict with her parents over her future career._答案：oninconsist of 由组成教材原句how many countries does the uk consist of？(p9)英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的？(1)consist ofbe made up of 由组成；由构成consist inlie in 在于consist with 与一致/相符(2)consistent adj. 一致的be consistent with 和一致/相符consist of一般不用于被动语态和进行时，其同义短语有：be made up of; be composed of。students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch (which consists_of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert)学生们会被供以早餐、晚餐还有一顿做好的或打包好的午餐(由一个三明治、一杯饮料和一份甜点组成)。success consists_in the ability to continue efforts through failures.成功在于历经失败后持续努力的能力。if what you say is_not_consistent_with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.如果你言行不一，那将对孩子有不好的影响。divide . into . 把分成教材原句england can be divided into three main areas.(p9)英格兰可以划分为三个主要地区。(1)divide . into sth. 把分成(若干部分)divide up划分；分配divide sth. among/between 在之间分配某物(2)divided adj. 分裂的；有分歧的a sentence can be divided_into meaningful segments.一个句子可以划分成有意义的若干部分。we divided the work between us.我们共同分担这项工作。the government is divided on this issue.政府在这个问题上意见不统一。易混辨析divide( . into .)常指把某个整体划分为若干部分separate( . from .)表示“将与分开”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来用divide和separate的适当形式填空aour class is divided into two teams.bare you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone?take the place of 代替教材原句all of the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under different conditions . (p12)下面所有的单词都可以代替said，但它们用于不同的情况take place 发生；举行(不及物动词短语，无被动语态)take sb.s/sth.s placetake the place of sb./sth. 取代/代替in place of sb./sth.in sb.s/sth.s place 代替/取代in place 在适当的位置out of place 不适当的；不在适当的位置上the 31st olympic games took_place in brazil in 2016.第三十一届奥运会于2016年在巴西举行。computers have taken_the_place_of_ typewriters in most offices.在大多数办公室，电脑已经取代了打字机。if i refused to go, they would send someone else in_my_place.如果我不去，他们会派其他人代替。the chairs for the concert were nearly all in_place.音乐会要用的椅子差不多都摆好了。教材原句on my way to the station my car broke down.(p13)在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。break away from 脱离(政党)break in 打断(谈话)；插嘴；破门而入break into 强行闯入；撬开(汽车等)break out (战争、火灾等)爆发break through 突破；穿透break up 分散；拆散；结束；(关系等)破裂写出下列句中break down的含义athe car broke down on the way to the airport.(车辆)抛锚byour health will break down if you work too hard.(身体)垮掉cplastic bags are difficult to break down.分解dthe peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)失败they has escaped to america shortly before war broke_out in 1939.1939年战争爆发前不久他们逃到了美国。scientists think they are beginning to break_through in the fight against cancer.科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。break down.选词填空leave out； break down； take the place of； consist of； in memory of1nothing could _ the family he had lost.答案：take the place of2his health _ under the pressure of work.答案：broke down3the world _ seven continents and four oceans.答案：consists of4youve _ the most important word in this sentence.答案：left out5the town was named after mr smith _ his great contributions to its development.答案：in memory of .完成句子1scientists traditionally _ the oceans _ zones.科学家传统上都把海洋划分成区。答案：divide; into2they _ the national union and set up their own local organization.他们脱离了全国工会，自己成立了一个地方组织。答案：broke away from3_， jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.杰克对发生的事守口如瓶，值得赞扬。答案：to his credit4it was foolish _ your notes in such an important test. as a result, you _.在如此重要的考试中你抄笔记真是太愚蠢了。结果被惩罚了。答案：of you to refer to; got punished5every year, jack and his wife _ future goals.每年，杰克和妻子都会列一张未来目标的清单。答案：make a list of(1)本句属于“find宾语宾语补足语”结构，其中作宾语补足语的过去分词included是对宾语wales进行补充说明，与wales之间存在被动关系。(2)此结构中宾语补足语的形式常为：i suddenly found_myself_running down the street.我突然发觉自己不知不觉沿着街道跑了起来。i found_it_a_boring_film.我发现那是一部乏味的影片。i hope to find_you_in_better_spirits when we meet again.我希望我们下次见面时，你的精神状况会更好。you may find_it_hard to accept your illness.你可能觉得难以接受自己的疾病。it looked splendid when_first_built！(p14)刚建成时，它(圣保罗大教堂)看起来真是金碧辉煌！(1)当when引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it，且谓语部分有动词be的某种形式，这时可把从句的主语(或it)连同谓语动词be省略掉，省略后的部分为 “when分词/介词短语/形容词/名词短语等”。(2)引导状语从句时，有类似用法的连词还有：while, once, as, as if, unless, until, even if, though, if等。once_(it_is)_seen,_itll never be forgotten.一旦见过它，它就不会被忘记。scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out vocs when_(it_is)_being_attacked.科学家们发现所有的植物当遭受攻击时会发出特殊的气味。if_(you_are)_accepted for the job, youll be informed soon.如果你被录用，你会很快被通知的。if_(it_is)_possible,_ill go to see my grandparents this weekend.如果有可能的话，这周末我去看我的祖父母。 it seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in london.(p14)这似乎令人不可思议：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。(1)在“it系动词形容词(strange, necessary, natural, important, etc) that .”句型中，that引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”。当should表示“建议”时，可以省略；当should表示“竟然”时，不可省略。(2)在it is/was suggested (ordered, required, desired, advocated, etc) that . 句型中，that引导的主语从句用虚拟语气，形式为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。it is strange that he_should_have_done such silly things.真是奇怪，他竟然做出如此愚蠢的事情。it is recommended that the plan (should)_be_put_off.有人建议推迟这个计划。.单句语法填空1my mother found the little boy _ (cry) in the corner.答案：crying此处为“find宾语宾补”结构。the little boy与cry之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示动作正在进行，应用现在分词形式作补语。故填crying。2video games can be a poor influence if _ (leave) in the wrong hands.答案：left此处为状语从句的省略。leave与video games之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。3when i returned to my office, i found my desk _ (remove)答案：removed由句意可知，应填过去分词removed作宾补，表示被动完成。4it is necessary that the problem _ (discuss) at once.答案：(should) be discussed此处为“it系动词形容词that .”句型，谓语用“should动词原形”，should可省略，且问题(problem)是被讨论，故用被动语态。5once _ (form), the bad habits are hard to get rid of.答案：formed此处为状语从句的省略，补充完整为：once (they are) formed .。.完成句子1he _ to solve the problem.他发现要解决这个问题很难。答案：found it very difficult2it is important that we _ when we are facing difficulties.当我们面临困难的事情时，保持冷静是重要的。答案：(should) keep calm3when _ where she was from, the little girl was only crying, saying nothing.当被问到她是哪里人时，这个小女孩只是哭，什么也不说。答案：(she was) asked过去分词作宾补宾语补足语一般放在宾语之后，对宾语起补充说明的作用，而过去分词作宾补，一般表示被动、完成的意义，宾语是过去分词动作的对象。i noticed their car parked outside.我注意到他们的车停在外面。能用过去分词作宾补的几类动词(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, watch, feel, think, find, notice, observe, listen to等。he was about to enter the hall when he heard his name called.他正要进入大厅的时候，突然听到有人叫他的名字。(2)表示“使，让”意义的动词，如：make, get, have, keep, leave等。lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused with her stories.露西很有幽默感，常用她的故事使她的同事开心不已。“have宾语过去分词”的几种用法：表示让别人做某事we had the machine repaired just now.我们刚刚让人修了这台机器。表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”等my sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月我妹妹的钱包在公交车上被偷了。表示自己完成某事或自己参与完成某事li hua hopes that his english teacher will suggest a good way to have his english improved in a short period of time.李华希望他的英语老师推荐一个好方法，让他的英语在短期内提高。表示容忍或允许某人做某事，多用于否定句，常与cant, wont连用i wont have anything said against her.我不会容忍任何反对她的言论。(3)表示“希望，愿望或要求”等意义的词，如：want, wish, like, expect, order等。the teacher wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.老师不想现在讨论这个问题。(4)用在“with名词/代词过去分词”结构中，表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。with the work finished, they went to the seaside for a holiday.因为工作完成了，他们去海边度假了。现在分词与过去分词作宾补的区别i found him lying on the grass just now.我刚才发现他躺在草地上。i found him surrounded by a group of boys.我发现他被一群男孩围着。.单句语法填空1i would like this matter _ (settle) immediately.答案：settledmatter与settle之间为被动关系，故填settled作宾补。2the speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _ (hear)答案：heardmake oneself heard/understood “使自己被(别人)听到/理解”。3it was mainly for this reason that the brazilian government decided to have a new city _(build) 600 miles northwest of rio de janeiro.答案：builtbuild与a new city之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用v.ed形式作宾补，构成have sth. done结构。4when i got into the o