初二英语校本教程及试题全套.doc

前 言根据国家基础教育课程改革纲要“为保障和促进课程适应不同地区、学校、学生的要求，实行国家、地方和学校三级课程管理”的规定，结合我校实际情况，为了拓展学生的知识面，充分挖掘学生的潜能，培养学生学习英语的兴趣，便于学生全方位地了解英语国家的文化背景，提高他们的学习水平；培养学生欣赏英语国家文化的能力和创新能力；培养学生良好的道德品质和人文素养；培养学生的国际参与意识和跨文化交际能力；发展学生的个性，提高他们的素质。以提高学生英语语言综合能力运用为基本宗旨，以提高学生学习英语兴趣为目的，培养学生的合作意识与创新精神；同时为了充分体现我校“人本.个性”课程理念，八年级英语组全体教师编写了这套教材，以供我校八年级学生全年使用。本教材计划编写30个单元，八年级上学期十五个单元，下学期十五个单元。每个单元围绕一句英语名人名言展开，共三大部分。第一部分为：Read and recite（背诵跟该名人名言相关的诗歌）；第二部分：Read and do（用心阅读并通过讲练结合的方式让学士做到学以致用）第三部分：learn to do（让学生仿写一篇短文）。我们的理念是：没有最好的课程，只有更好的课程。我们愿与所有参与课程改革的同仁一起，不断地追求更好！Contents目 录Unit One .3Unit Two .6Unit Three .9Unit Four .12Unit Five .15Unit Six .18Unit Seven .21Unit Eight .24Unit Nine .27Unit Ten .30Unit Eleven .33Unit Twelve .36Unit Thirteen .39Unit Fourteen .42Unit Fifteen .45Unit One Hard work pays off!Step1:Read and recite A poemGod helps those who help themselves.Never give up, Never lose hope. Always have faith, It allows you to cope. Trying times will pass, As they always do. Just have patience, Your dreams will come true. So put on a smile, Youll live through your pain. Know it will pass, And strength you will gain Step2: Read and doAs a high school student, I consider English a very important subject. In order to learn it well, apart from English class, I took an active part in English corner and other after-class English activities, which benefit me a lot.In the English corner, I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me. Besides, sometimes, some foreigners are glad to join us. By talking with them, my oral English improved a lot. I also find it useful to keep English diaries. I keep on doing it these years and it is helpful to my English. As a saying goes, practice makes perfect. Only by practice will we make more progress. Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement. Through these websites, I can read some classic English passages, poems and stories. Whats more, I can learn some learning skills and methods, which play an important part in my study process.All in all, every road leads to Rome, but I believe hard work pays off.Look up the underlined words in the dictionary and write down theprononciations and example sentences. Underlined wordsPrononciationsMaking sentencesTranslate the following phrases and sentences in this passage.1.in order to_ 2. apart from_3. take an active part in_ 4. after-class English activities_5. share the same interest with sb._ 6. as a saying goes_7. make more progress_ 8. Whats more_9. play an important part in_ 10. all in all_11. Hard work pays off. _12.As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject._13. Some foreigners are glad to join us._14. I also find it useful to keep English diaries._15. Practice makes perfect. _16. Every road leads to Rome. _Use what weve learnt from this passage.1. as 作为介词的时候，意思是：作为。 如：They treated him as a top dog.他们是把他作为重要人物来款待的。As a boy,he had to obey his fathers order unwillingly.作为小孩子，他不情愿地按照父亲的指令行动。翻译：作为学生我们应该努力学习。_2. beside, besides, except, apart from的区别。beside用作介词，意为“在旁边”如： He is sitting beside an old man. 他坐在一位老人的旁边。except和besides都可解作“除之外”但含义不同。except表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念， 含义是否定的。besides表示“除了之外，还有”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。 试比较：We all went except him.除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去)We all went besides him.除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他也去了)apart from是复合介词，有两个意义：A 表示“排除”、“例外”的含义,相当于except,如： The children hardly see anyone, apart from their parents. 除了他们的父母，孩子们很少看见其他人。B 表示“包括”、“补充”的含义,相当于besides,如：Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 游泳，除了有趣和是一项很好的运动之外，还是一项很有用的技能。【学以致用】1). A：Did you study any other foreign language _English when you were at college？B：Yes，I studied threeBut I have forget all _a few words of each 2).Today all of us went to the park _Peter. He was ill in bed. (besides/except)3).This composition is good _ some spelling mistakes. 4). We need fifteen more people _our team to do the job. 5.) He has to study every day_Sunday. So he has no time to relax. Step3: learn to write Hard work pays off_Unit Two Time and tide wait for no manStep1:Read and recite The value of timeTo realize the value of one year:Ask a student who has failed a final exam.To realize the value of one month:Ask a mother who has given birth to a premature baby.To realize the value of one week:Ask an editor of a weekly newspaper.To realize the value of one hour:Ask the lovers who are waiting to meet.To realize the value of one minute:Ask a person who has missed the train, bus or plane.To realize the value of one second:Ask a person who has survived an accident.To realize the value of one millisecond:Ask the person who has won a silver medal in the Olympics.Time waits for no one.Treasure every moment you have.Step2: Read and do What is time? We cant see it and we cant catch hold of it. But we can feel it pass by. Time is always with us in our life. When we are at the table, time passes away while were eating. When we wash our faces, time slips away in front of us. And when we play, time goes by quietly.Time is fair to every one of us. If you make the best use of it, time will give you a lot. Otherwise，you will miss a lot. The lost time will not be found again.Today, time is becoming more and more important to us. You can always hear people say, “Time is money. Time is life.” It warns us not to waste any time.My friends, we must keep in mind the saying, “Time and tide wait for no man.” Now we are still young. It is high time for us to learn more. We must make the best use of every minute and be the masters of time.Look up the underlined words in the dictionary and write down the prononciations and example sentences. Underlined wordsprononciationsMaking sentencesTranslate the following phrases and sentences in this passage.1.catch hold of_ 2.pass by_3.at the table_ 4.pass away_5.slip away_ 6.make the best use of ._7.keep in mind _8.Time is fair to every one of us._9.If you make the best use of it, time will give you a lot._10.Today, time is becoming more and more important to us._11.It warns us not to waste any time._12.We must make the best use of every minute and be the masters of time._Use what weve learnt from this passage.feel用作实义动词的用法1. 表示“感觉”，属感官动词，其后接不定式的复合结构作宾语时，不定式不能带 to。如： We all felt the house shake. 我们都感觉这房子在震动。feel 之后也通常接现在分词的复合结构，所以上面两句中的 shake 也可换成 shaking。feel用作连系动词的用法2. 表示某人的感觉，以人作主语。如：I dont feel very well today. 我今天感到不太舒服。We all felt very worried. 我们都感到很着急3. 表示某物摸起来给人的感觉，通常要以被摸之物作主语。如：Your hand feels cold. 你的手摸起来很凉。Ice feels cold. 冰感觉起来是凉的。Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。【注】该用法虽有被动含义，但不用于被动语态.如：This kind of paper_ nice. A. feel B. is felt C. feelsIn the Science Museum, the children felt _ to see so many _ things. A.surprised; amazed B. surprising; amazing C. surprised; amazing 比较in front of与 in the front ofin front of 是在整个物体的前面，in the front of 是在物体内部的前面。如: A tree is in front of the classroom教室前面有棵树 (树一般在教室外面的户外)There is a desk in the front of the classroom教室前面有张桌子，（比如讲台,是在教室里面的，这是内部方位。）如果There is a desk in front of the classroom，（意指桌子在教室外面。）【翻译】学校前面有一条河。_ 他的座位在教室前面。_Step3: learn to write1. What do you think of time? Which is more important,time or money?2. How do you spend your free time?Talking about time_Unit Three Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wiseStep1:Read and reciteGetting up early is a good habit Getting up early is a good habit. It is of great importance to us all. First it helps to keep us healthy. If we can get up early, we can breathe fresh air,and do morning exercise,which builds our bodies.Second, it helps us to memorizewhat we have learned in classby reading aloud in the morning.Third, it can help us to find enough timeto prepare our work of the day. in one word, If we stick to getting up early every day, it will do us a lot of good.Step2: Read by heartEarly to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. This is an old English saying. It means that we must go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy. We shall also be rich and clever. Is this true? Perhaps it is. The body must have enough sleep. Children of your age need ten hours sleep every night. If you do not go to bed early, you can not have enough sleep. Then you can not think properly and you can not do your work properly. You will not be wise and you may not become wealthy! Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is not good for them. We should sleep at night when it is dark. The dark helps us to sleep well. When the daylight comes, we should get up.This is the time for exercise. If the body is not used, it will become weak. Exercise keeps it strong. Exercise helps the blood to move around inside the body. This is very important. Blood takes nutrition to all parts of our bodies. The brains in our heads also need blood. We think with our brains. If we keep our bodies healthy, and take exercise, we can think better! Our bodies also need air to breathe. Without air we will die. Get up early in the morning and we can have plenty of clean, fresh air. That will keep us healthy and happy.Look up the underlined words in the dictionary and write down the prononciations and example sentences. Underlined wordsprononciationsMaking sentencesTranslate the following phrases and sentences in this passage.1. at night _ 2. children of your age _3. all parts of our bodies _ 4. plenty of _5. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise_6. If the body is not used, it will become weak. _7. Exercise helps the blood to move around inside the body._8. Without air we will die._9. That will keep us healthy and happy._Use what weve learnt from this passage.make用法及训练 A. make 构成的一些固定搭配 make faces做鬼脸 make friends with.与.交朋友 make breakfast 做早餐 make noises制造噪音 make money赚钱 make the bed铺床 make flashcards制作抽认卡 make progress取得进步 make mistakes犯错 make a fire生火 make a decision to do.下决心干. make use of.利用make up for弥补 make up编造，组成，拼凑成 make sure确保，弄清楚 make it earlier把时间订早一点 make a living(by) doing谋生 make yourself at home使某人感到宾至如归 B. make 的各种用法 1.实义动词 “做，制作，建造” make sb sth= make sth for sb (make me a skirt=make a skirt for me) 2.使役动词：“使处于状态，使成为” 结构：make +宾语+宾补（n.,adj.,v.,-ing,-ed） make 宾语 +n. 意为“使，让某人/某物(成为)” We made him our monitor. 我们选了他做班长。 make 宾语 +adj. 意为“使，让某人/某事(变得)” What he did made me unhappy. 他所做的事使我不高兴。 We will make our country more and more beautiful.我们将会使我们的国家越来越美丽。 make 宾语 +do（不带to的不定式） 意为“使，让某人干.” Our teacher makes us feel more confident.我们的都是使我们更加自信。 【学以致用】 1.What do you think of what she did. It still_ us feel very sad now. A. makes B. make C. made 2.You should do better in math. Because it_ 30% of the exam. A. makes of B. makes from C. makes up 3. His father makes a living_(sell) newspaper. 4. He is very funny and often makes us _. (laugh) Step3: le