福建省尤溪县高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解编练（二）.doc

福建尤溪县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解编练（二）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。the term“multitasking” originally referred to a computers ability to carry out several tasks at one time. for many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. in fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises(大脑训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. and studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss. in order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex(前额叶脑皮层). brain seans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. you may have experienced a prefrontal cortex“moment of rest” yourself if youve ever dialed(拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you called when the line is answered. what probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to another thought or task, and then took that“moment” to come back. research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency(效率) declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time. multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. most people dont find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. however, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes. we often dont remember things as well when were trying to manage several details at the same time. without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. that is one of the main reasons we forget peoples nameseven sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. multitasking can also affect our relationships. if someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. it can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them. 1. why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking? a. to make them more productive. b. to reduce their stress and anxiety.c. to develop their communication skills. d. to help them perform daily tasks more easily.2. according to paragraph 2, why may a person suddenly forget who he has called? a. he may have his prefrontal cortex temporarily damaged.b. he is probably interrupted by another task.c. he is probably not very familiar with the person he has called.d. he may need a rest between dialing and speaking.3. people tend to make mistakes when.a. they perform several challenging tasks at a timeb. new messages are processed one after anotherc. their relationships with others are affectedd. the tasks require little thought4. what is the main idea of the passage? a. multitasking has become a way of life.b. multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.c. multitasking exercises need to be improved.d. multitasking enables people to remember things better.【参考答案】1-4 、abab说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2010北京,d)改编the cost of higher educationindividuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.a university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual.graduates earn more than non-graduates.meanwhile,social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree.however,only some people have it.so the individual,not the taxpayers,should pay for it.there are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government.using taxpayers money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities.adam smith worked in a scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees.he knew and looked down upon 18th-century oxford,where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government.guaranteed salaries,smith argued,were the enemy of hard work,and when the academics were lazy and incompetent,the students were similarly lazy.if students have to pay for their education,they not only work harder,but also demand more from their teachers.and their teachers have to keep them satisfied.if that means taking teaching seriously,and giving less time to their own research interests,that is surely something to celebrate.many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济).many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth,but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs.if you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive,you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs.anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.therefore,it is the individual,not the government,who should pay for their university education.1.the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to .a.taxpayersb.pressing callsc.college graduatesd.government resources2.the author thinks that with full government funding .a.teachers are less satisfiedb.students are more demandingc.students will become more competentd.teachers will spend less time on teaching3.the author mentions businesses in paragraph 5 in order to .a.argue against free university educationb.call on them to finance students studiesc.encourage graduates to go into businessd.show their contribution to higher education语篇解读:本文为议论文。作者围绕着个人应该为取得高学历付学费这一个观点展开辩论。答案及剖析:1.b猜测词义题。根据第二段的最后两句话,有关政府资源方面有很多紧迫的呼声,而使用纳税人的钱来帮助一小部分人在将来获得高收入并不在这些呼声中,可以判断them指的是pressing calls。2.d事实细节题。根据文章的第三段的最后一句话可以判断出本题选择d项。3.a推理判断题。根据第五段所议论的内容,可以判断出作者提到business是为了反对大学教育免费。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省茂名市一模】 six years ago, i walked into a local animal shelter on a cold,rainy day. although my house was already full of cats anddogs, i still couldnt resist an occasional visit to the shelter. this time as i was walking down the row of pensfull of barking dogs i noticed a small boy looking into one of them. he had a malnourished（营养不良的） looking body and a bony face with a bignose sticking out of the middle of it. he was looking at a small, golden dog. its bony ribs wereshowing and its thin tail was folded between its legs. it wasnt beggingfor attention like the other puppies but was hiding in the cornerinstead. the boy looked up at me with sad eyes and asked what was wrongwith it. “it was probably abused and abandoned”, i said. “that is why itis so scared.”the boy immediately turned to an older lady and said, “grandma, i wantthis one.” the old woman smiled and walked to the front desk to fill outthe adoption forms. i followed and asked about the boy. i found out thathed had a rough start in life too. she had just gotten custody（监护权） of himafter the state had taken him from his parents. she had hoped getting adog would make it easier on him. i looked back at him, holding his scaredpuppy, and said a prayer for them both.it was yesterday. i was driving down the road enjoying a gloriously sunny,spring day. then in a green front yard i saw the boy. his teenage body wastall and strong. his nose no longer seemed big but fit well into hissmiling face. he was throwing a ball to a healthy, happy dog with shininggolden hair. his little act of love and kindness had indeed gone a longway. it had saved a dogs life, healed his own heart, and given thismiddle-aged man fresh hope for us all.26. the author entered the animal shelter because _ .a. he loves dogs and pets b. it was too cold outsidec. he wanted to buy a dog d. he wanted to see the boy 【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据although my house was already full of cats anddogs, i still couldnt resist an occasional visit to the shelter.因为他家已经有许多狗了，他因为喜欢去看狗和宠物，故选a。27. the reason why the dog was so scared is that _ .a. it was afraid of the cold b. it had been ill-treatedc. it was frightened by the boy d. it was frightened by the author【答案】b 【解析】细节理解题。根据it was probably abused and abandoned它被虐待，所以看起来很害怕的样子，故选b。 28 . why did the boy want to adopt the golden dog? a. because the dog looked attractive.b. because his grandma also liked the dog.c. because they had something in common.d. because the author advised him to adopt it.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据i found out thathed had a rough start in life too因为小男孩和这只小狗有共同之处，故选c。29.the grandma wanted the boy to adopt a dog so that _ .a. his life could be easierb. he could play balls with itc. he could forget about his parentsd. the dog could be taken good care of【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据she had hoped getting adog would make it easier on him.她让小男孩领养一只狗以便让他的生活过得更加轻松，故选a。30. what can we learn from the last paragraph ?a. the author is a kind-hearted old man.b. the boys nose has become smaller than before.c. the author enjoys watching people playing with dogs.d. both the boy and the dog are growing healthily and happily.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据it had saved a dogs life, healed his own heart,小狗和小男孩都幸福滴健康地成长，故选d。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省茂名市一模】 until last summer i had a very comfortable life: winter vacations skiing and summer cruises. my parents spent a lot of money on a private school, so they could get me into a competitive middle school. everything was about tomorrow, next year, my graduation. we never had to worry about today.before last summer i never thought much about the people in the world who live day to day, every day, whose lives are controlled by poverty and hunger. then i enrolled in a two-week intensive program. we lived in a “tribal village,” in a hot, dry open grassland in arkansas, a state of the south-central united states. i am a tribal member in mozambique, a country of southeast africa. every meal, i make the fire for my family, and feel the flames lick up my nostrils as i blow to keep the fuel alive. i cook mush with vegetables. this is all my family is ever given.i feed the hen and three rabbits their dinner. i grow attached to the rabbits, even though i know i shouldnt. i name them. im not getting enough to eat; its time to decide whether or not to kill the rabbits. i feel pain but its a privileged childs pain because i know i will soon be eating again. thats not true for a lot of other children around the world.growing up comfortably in the u.s., ive never had to worry about my dinner, and even though this whole process was only a simulation, it changed my life. now i believe in doing whatever i can to help find practical ways to defeat hunger. so ive become president of roots and shoots, a group working to improve local environments for people and animals. im also working to create a program at my high school called the “safe passage” trip to help young people in the guatemala city dump. and ive got plans to do more.im often thinking of laboring in the hot sun and the millions who still do. now, i try to live for today and stop worrying so much about the future. when i eat or feel full, i am grateful for this fortunate life and want to extend the same feeling to others.i believe in offering help to those who need it. 31. what is true about the author before last summer?a. her life was under great pressure.b. her life was well-planned.c. she didnt have to worry about the future.d. she had to worry about her dinner 【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据until last summer i had a very comfortable life因为父母已经给作者安排好了一切，故选b。32.we can learn from the second paragraph that _.a. the author raised some rabbits as petsb. the author took part