埃菲尔铁塔建成记[文档资料]

埃菲尔铁塔建成记 本文档格式为 WORD,感谢你的阅读。 On March 31st， 1889， the Eiffel Tower opened in Paris. The opening ceremony仪式 was presided over负责，主持 by Gustave Eiffel， the towers designer ， and attended by French Prime Minister Pierre Tirard， a handful of other dignitaries显要人物 ， and 200 construction workers. In 1889， to honor the 100th anniversary周年纪念 of the French Revolution， the French government planned an international exposition博览会 and announced a design competition for a monument纪念物 to be built on the Champ-de-Mars in central Paris. Out of more than 100 designs submitted提交 ， the committee委员会 chose Eiffels plan. The design was of an open-lattice格子金属架 wrought-iron熟铁，锻铁 tower that would reach almost 1， 000 feet above Paris and be the worlds tallest man -made structure. Eiffel， a noted bridge builder， was a master of metal construction and designed the framework of the Statue of Liberty. Eiffels tower was greeted with doubt from critics who argued that it would be structurally unsound不稳固的 ， and anger from others who thought it would be an eyesore丑的东西，眼中钉 in the heart of Paris. Despite the critics， Eiffel completed his great tower under budget预算 in just two years. Only one worker lost his life during construction， which at the time was a remarkably显著地 low casualty伤亡 number for a project of that magnitude巨大 . The light， airy structure was by all accounts据大家所说 a technological科技的 wonder. Within a few decades， it was regarded as an architectural建筑学的 masterpiece杰作 . The Eiffel Tower is 984 feet tall and consists of由 组成 an iron framework supported on four masonry石建筑 piers墩 ， from which rise four columns柱状物 that unite to form a single vertical垂直的 tower. Platforms， each with an observation deck观景台 ， are at three levels. Elevators升降机 ascend上升 the piers on a curve曲线 . The elevators were not completed by March 31st， 1889， however， so Gustave Eiffel ascended the towers stairs， with a few hardy能吃苦的 companions同伴 ， and raised a huge French flag up the structures flagpole 旗杆 . Fireworks were then set off from the second platform. In early May， the Paris International Exposition opened， and the tower served as the entrance gateway to the giant fair. The Eiffel Tower remained the worlds tallest man-made structure until the completion of the Chrysler Building in New York in 1930. Incredibly， the Eiffel Tower was almost destroyed when the International Expositions 20 -year lease租约 on the land expired期满 in 1909， but its value as an antenna天线 for radio transmission saved it. It remains largely unchanged today and is one of the worlds premier 首要的 tourist attractions. 1889 年 3 月 31 日，巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔正式向公众开放。开幕式由铁塔的设计师古斯塔夫 埃菲尔主持，法国总理皮埃尔 蒂拉尔和一小部分政要，以及 200 名建筑工人参加了开幕式。 1889 年，为纪念法国大革命 100 周年，法国 政府计划举办一次国际博览会，并宣布将举行一场设计比赛，为巴黎市中心的战神广场兴建一座纪念碑。在提交的一百多份设计方案中，委员会最终选择了埃菲尔的方案。其设计是一个开放式支架的锻铁塔，高度近 1000 英尺（ 304.8 米），一旦建成，将是当时世界上最高的人造结构。埃菲尔是一位有名的桥梁建筑师，精于设计金属结构，自由女神像的框架即出自其手笔。 埃菲尔的铁塔（建筑方案）受到了批评家的质疑，他们认为这种结构不牢固；它也引发了另一些人的愤怒，他们视其为与巴黎中心地带格格不入的眼中钉。尽管受到了批评，埃菲尔仅用了 两年时间便在预算之内完成了他的伟大作品。施工期间，仅有一名工人丧生。在当时，这一伤亡数字对修建如此规模的建筑项目而言，已是很低的记录。所有人都承认，埃菲尔铁塔轻盈通透的结构是一个技术奇迹。在其后数十年里，它已经被视为一件建筑杰作。 埃菲尔铁塔高 984 英尺（ 299.9 米），由四个塔墩支撑着一个铁制框架组成。四条支柱从塔墩上升起，逐渐联合成一个直立的塔身。铁塔上建有三层平台，每层各有一个观景台。电梯从塔墩沿曲线上升。 然而，电梯要到 1889 年 3 月 31 日才能建成。于是古斯塔夫 埃菲尔与几个吃苦 耐劳的同伴一起徒步爬楼梯登上铁塔，在铁塔的旗杆上升起一面巨大的法国国旗。随后，铁塔第二层平台燃放起了烟花。五月初，巴黎国际博览会开幕，埃菲尔铁塔便是此次盛会的入门处。 直到 1930 年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成之前，