高考英语常见的分隔现象[文档资料]

高考英语常见的分隔现象 本文档格式为 WORD,感谢你的阅读。 在英语中，为了保持句子平衡或为了使句子结构紧凑等，在不影响语义表达的情况下在两个相连的成分中间插入单词、短语或句子等内容。此种现象为分隔。分隔陷阱是高考命题者在单项填空题中的一个重要命题点，考生往往会在这方面出错，为了帮助考生绕过该陷阱，本文对该命题点进行了总结与归纳。 一、考查定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔时关系词的选择。常见考查方式是在先行词与定语从句之间插入另一个充 当定语或状语的短语或插入语或充当主语的定语从句因为主句谓语过短而置于句末。例如： 1. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area _ interact with one another. A. that B. where C. who D. what 2. After the flooding， people were suffering in that area， _ urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 3. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 【解析】 1. A。题干的意思是：生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的。分析句子结构，_ interact with one another 是定语从句，修饰的先行词是 the living and nonliving things，充当定语的介词短语 in an area 把先行词和定语从句隔开了。 2.B。由分析可知，本句的先行词是 people，为了保持平衡，把修饰它的非限制性定语从句置于句末，且 people 在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词 who 引导。 3.A。分析可知， an atmosphere 与修饰它的定语从句被充当状语的介词短语 for her students 隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用 which。 二、考查后置修饰语的非谓语动词与被修饰的名词被其他成分分隔时非谓语动词的选择。常见考查方式是定语（从句）或插入语等把另一个充当定语的非谓语动词与被修饰的名词分隔，解题时把定语（从句）或插入语等去掉进行判断。例如： 1. On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall， Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office. A. says B. said C. saying D. to say 2. Thai is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 【解析】 1.C。充当 phone call 定语的介词短语 from his wife 把另一个充当定语的非谓语动词 say she had a fall 分隔开了，又因前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，表主动进行用现在分词的形式，故用 saying。 2.B。充当定语从句we can imagine 把它的先行词 the only way 与其另外一个定语分隔开了， the only way 后面的动词充当短语可以用 to do 或 of doing 表示，故用 to reduce。 三、考查宾语与其补足语被其他成分分隔时非谓语动词的 选择。常见考查方式是对宾语进行提问的特殊疑问句和充当定语从句的先行词在该从句中充当宾语。例如： 1. Who is the girl over there ？ Isnt that the secretary you want _ the article？ A. to have type B. her to type C. to have typed D. her type 2. Whom did you _ the wall ？ Jack. There _ masses of things for him to do， but he managed to finish the work as required. A. have painted； was B. have paint； were C. have to paint； were D. have paint； was 【解析】 1.A。分析可知， secretary 是先行词，后面是省略了充当宾语的定语从句， want to have sb. do sth.中的 sb.指的是先行词 secretary，故用 to have type。2.B。考查 have 的用法及主谓一致。第一空的陈述句为： you had whom paint the wall.改为问句即为： Whom did you have paint the wall？第二空主语是复数，故用 were。 四、考查同位语从句与中心名词之间被其他成分分隔时连接词的选择。常见考查方式是充当主语的中心名词因谓语比较短而为了平衡句子把它的同位语从句置于句末或充当宾语的中心名词因主句的充当状 语的介词短语等比较短而为了平衡句子把它的同位语从句置于句末。例如： 1. Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. A. why B .how C. whether D. that 2. I made a promise to myself _ this year， my first year in high school， would be different. A. whether B. what C. that D. how 【解析】 1.D。为了保持平衡，把同位语从句与先行词evidence 隔开了，又因从句不缺少成分，故用 that 引导从句。 2.C。为了保持平衡，充当状语的介词短语 to myself 把同位语从句与先行词 a promise 隔开了，分析可知，从句不缺少成分，故用 that 引导从句。 五、考查连接词和其所连接的主体分句被 其他成分分隔时连接词的选择。常见考查方式是在定语从句或名词性从句中设置插入语，解题办法是去掉插入语进行连词的选择。例如： 1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature， _， for some reason， had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 2. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【解析】 1.B。 for some reason 是插入语， who 引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词 Ellen（人名）。 2.C。该句中 they hope 是插入语，故 “_ will be the best means of transport in the 21st century”实际上是 create 的宾语，且缺少宾语从句的连接词，并且该连接词要指物且在从句中作主语， what 可以起到该作用。 六、考查主语与谓语动词之间被其他成分分隔时谓语动词单、复数形式的选择。为了保持句子平衡，主谓之间插入定语（常为介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句）、状语（常为副词、介词短语或状语从句）、同位语、插入语等。解此类试题时，要分清句子的结构，抓住句子的主干，还要将句子的时态和主谓一致兼顾，才能准确无误地选对答案。例如： 1. The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8， 450 a year， which_ a burden for some of them. A. are； is B. are； are C. is； are D. is； is 2. Generally， students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【解析】 1.A。第一空主语为 living expenses， for international students 充当定语，故第一空谓语动词用复数形式；第二空 which 指代整个主句引导定语从句作从句的主语，谓语应用单数形式。故选 are； is。 2.A。分析句子结构，主语为 studentsinner motivation with high expectations from others，中心词为 inner motivation，显然为第三人称单数。再根据 generally 可知此句讲的是通常情况下，所以用一般现在时。故选择 is。 七、考查固定短语或搭配被其他成分分隔时固定短语或搭配中某个词或它们的用法的选择。常见考查方式是固定短语或搭配因被介词短语或定语从句等的插入而形成分隔或变成被动语态时固定短语或搭配被分隔。例如： 1. Before you pay a visit to a place of interest， look in your local library _ a book about it. A. on B. at C. for D. to 2. Have you realized the part the Internet has _ in our daily life？ A. made B. given C. caused D. played 【解析】 1.C。固定搭配 look for 意为 “ 寻找 ” 。结构 in your local library 将动词词组 look for 隔离。2.D。 part 后面部分充当 part 的定语，且在定语从句中充当宾语， play a part in 表示 “ 在 中充当角色 ” ，是固定搭配。故用 played。 八、考查句子结构或句型被其他成分分隔时非谓语动词的选择。常见考查方式是在句子结构或句型中间插入定语、状语或插入语等。例如： 1. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _. A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 2. Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood 3. You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 【解析】 1.B。该道题是 ask sb. to do 变被动语态时的，因此非不定式的选项都是错的；其次省略要省干净，不能留 do 的尾巴，因此如果 A 选项后加 it 也正确。 2.B。 let sb. do sth.意为 “ 让某人做某事 ” ，结构中插入了 in need， in need 充当定语修饰 those。 3