T.S.Eliot介绍及作品分析.ppt

T S Eliot 1888 1965 ThomasStearnsEliot Apoet dramatist literarycritic andmodernist Modernism Modernismisaculturalmovementthatgenerallyincludestheprogressiveartandarchitecture design literature music dance paintingandothervisualartswhichemergedinthebeginningofthe20thcentury particularlyintheyearsfollowingWorldWarI Itwasamovementofartistsanddesignerswhorebelledagainstlate19thcenturyacademicandhistoricaltradition andembracedtheneweconomic socialandpoliticalaspectsoftheemergingmodernworld Modernismroseoutofskepticismanddisillusionofcapitalism EspeciallytheSecondWorldWarmarkedthelaststageofthedisintegrationoftheBritishEmpire Britainsufferedheavylossesinthewar thousandsofpeoplewerekilled theeconomywasruined andalmostallitsformercolonieswerelost Peoplewereineconomic cultural andbeliefcrisises ThebackgroundtoModernism 1 ThesocialbackgroundTheinfluencesofthetwoWorldWarsonEnglishliterature Pre war over suppliedenergy over confident over greedy over enthusiastic imperialistideas colony dismemberedintheworld Post war Thesenseofbeinglost adrift weightless aimless It sallsoabsurd withoutmeaning 2 Ideologicalbackground Ideologically theriseoftheirrationalphilosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincitedmodernwriterstomakenewexplorationsonhumannaturesandhumanrelationships A Einstein s 1879 1955 theoryofrelativityprovidedentirelynewideasfortheconceptsoftimeandspace B Freud s 1856 1939 analyticalpsychologydrasticallyalteredourconceptionofhumannature C Nietzsche 1844 1900 Withthreesimplewords Godisdead Nietzschesenthisreadersintodespair D Basedonthemajorideasofhispredecessors HenryBergson柏格森 1859 1941 establishedhisirrationalphilosophywhichputtheemphasisoncreation intuition irrationalityandunconsciousness CharacteristicsofModernisminLiterature 1 OnecharacteristicofEnglishModernismis thedehumanizationofart 2 Themodernistwritersaremainlyconcernedwiththeinnerbeingofanindividual 3 Modernismis inmanyaspects areactionagainstrealism AmongAmericanwriters thebest knownModernistsareT S Eliot EzraPound F ScottFitzgerald ErnestHemingway WilliamFaulknerandsoon Asaresult theworkscreatedbythemodernistwritersareoftenlabeledasanti novel anti poetryandanti drama 1 Life2 HisAestheticView3 MajorWorks4 HisTechniques5 Position6 AnalasisoftheText HewasborninMissourionSeptember26 1888 HelivedinSt LouisduringthefirsteighteenyearsofhislifeandattendedHarvardUniversity In1910 helefttheUnitedStatesfortheSorbonne havingearnedbothundergraduateandmastersdegreesandhavingcontributedseveralpoemstotheHarvardAdvocate AfterayearinParis hereturnedtoHarvardtopursueadoctorateinphilosophy butreturnedtoEuropeandsettledinEnglandin1914 Life Thefollowingyear hemarriedVivienneHaigh WoodandbeganworkinginLondon firstasateacher andlaterforLloyd sBank ItwasinLondonthatEliotcameundertheinfluenceofhiscontemporaryEzraPound whorecognizedhispoeticgeniusatonce andassistedinthepublicationofhisworkinanumberofmagazines In1927hebecameaBritishcitizen Afteranotoriouslyunhappyfirstmarriage Eliotseparatedfromhisfirstwifein1933 andwasremarried toValerieFletcher in1956 In1948hereceivedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature In1965hediedinLondon HisAestheticViews 1 Apoemshouldbeanorganicthinginitself amadeobject Onceitisfinished thepoetwillnolongerhavecontrolofit Itshouldbejudged analyzedbyitselfwithouttheinterferenceofthepoet spersonalinfluenceandintentionalelementsandotherelements 2 Modernlifeischaotic futile fragmentary sopoetryshouldreflectthisfragmentarynatureoflifeandthiskindnatureoflifeshouldbeprojected notanalyzed 3 objectivecorrelative Asetofobjects asituation achainofevents formulainwhichthepoetexpresseshisemotionandinwhichthefusionofintellect feeling andexperienceshouldbeachieved 4 Thepoetshoulddrawupontradition usethepasttoservetheresentandfuture thepast present futureinterrelate borrowfromauthorsremoteintime alieninlanguage diverseininterest usethepasttounderscorewhatismissingfromthepresent 1915 TheLoveSongofJ AlfredPrufrock 普鲁弗洛克的情歌 1922 TheWasteland 荒原 1935 1942 FourQuartets 四个四重奏 1935 MurderintheCathedral 大教堂谋杀案 1939 FamilyReunion 合家团聚 1949 TheCocktailParty 鸡尾酒会 MajorWorks TheWasteLand 荒原 hismasterpiece publishedin1922 ItrevealedthespiritualcrisisofpostwarEurope Itreadslikethemanifestoofthe lostgeneration andestablishedEliot spositionastheleadernotonlyofAmericanpoetry butofawholegenerationofwriterslatertobeidentifiedas WasteLandPainters likeHemingwayandFaulkner TheWasteLandconsistsoffivediscontinuoussegments eachcomposedoffragmentsincorporatingmultiplevoicesandcharacters literaryandhistoricalallusions bitsandpiecesofcontemporarylife mythsandlegends Thecentraltheme desperationAlthoughitgesturedtowardreligiousbelief TheWasteLandwasnotanaffirmativeorreligiouspoem thedesperatequestforregenerationinacacophonous desolatelandscaperemainsunfulfilled HisTechniques 1 Useofdisconnectedimages symbols2 Useofliteraryallusions references3 Useofhighlyexpressivemeterandrhythmoffreeverses4 Useofmetaphysicalwhimsicalimages whims5 Useofflexibletone Heisverydifficulttoreadwithlearnedquotationsfromandallusionstoclassicalliterature heavysymbolism highlyfreshimagery andstream of consciousnesstechnique Position Eliotwasoneofthemostdistinguishedpoets andliterarycriticsofthe20thcentury Hestandsintheleadofthemodernistpoetry Thetitlesof TheWasteland HollowMan havebecomethetermsthatdefinethenatureofmodernistsocietyandmodernman Eliot spoetrysaidmoreaboutthemodernchaosinfiftyor60linesthanallthesocialcriticsandtheirvolumesputtogether ArchibaldMacleish Hedominatedcriticismintheperiodbetweentwoworldwarsandshapedthetastesandthecriticalvocabularyofageneration Heinsistedthatpoetryshouldbeimpersonalandthatnotonlythepoet sprivatelifebuteventheworldinwhichhelivedwasirrelevanttoatrueunderstandingofhiswork TheLoveSongofJAlfredPrufrock ThemoststrikingearlyachievementofT S Eliot Thetrademarkforthepoet bothinthemeandstructure Pruflocksetsofftovisitapoliteteapartydespitehisgreatlackofself confidence Thecity thestreets andthefogmakehimfeelthatheisinatimelessdreamworld Heintendstoaskoneofthewomenatthepartyaquestionhehasputoffforalongtime butheisterrifiedthathewillberejectedandmockedbehindhisback Helamentshislackofcourageandseesthesmallnessofhiswholelife summary AnalysisofPrufrock 1 Title2 Hischaracter3 Symbolicmeaningandirony4 MajorThemesof Prufrock 5 PoeticForm 1 Title Inthedrafts thepoemhadthesubtitlePrufrockamongtheWomen Eliotsaid TheLoveSongof portionofthetitlecamefrom TheLoveSongofHarDyal apoembyRudyardKipling TheformofPrufrock snameislikethenamethatEliotwasusingatthetime T StearnsEliot IthasbeensuggestedthatPrufrockcomesfromtheGermanword Pr fstein meaning touchstone Therewasa Prufrock LittauCompany inStLouisatthetimeEliotlivedthere afurniturestore ina1950letter Eliotsaid Ididnothave atthetimeofwritingthepoem andhavenotyetrecovered anyrecollectionofhavingacquiredthisnameinanyway butIthinkthatitmustbeassumedthatIdid andthatthememoryhasbeenobliterated Epigraph AccordingtoRonBanerjee TheDanteanoverview theepigraphto Prufrock theepigraphservestocastironiclightonPrufrock sintent LikeGuido Prufrockhadintendedhisstoryneverbetold andsobyquotingGuido EliotrevealshisviewofPrufrock slovesong FrederickLockecontendsthatPrufrockhimselfissufferingfrommultiplepersonalitiesofsorts andthatheembodiesbothGuidoandDanteintheInfernoanalogy Oneisthestoryteller theotherthelistenerwholaterrevealsthestorytotheworld Heposits alternatively thattheroleofGuidointheanalogyisindeedfilledbyPrufrock butthattheroleofDanteisfilledbyyou thereader asin Letusgothen youandI 1 Inthat thereaderisgrantedthepowertodoashepleaseswithPrufrock slovesong 2 HisCharacter anti hero self conscious self distrusting timid lackinginvitalityandcourage cowardimpotentphysicallyandspiritually torturedbetweendesireandimpotencedesireforlove yetafraidofbeingrejectedandmisunderstood desiresfortruelife love turnanewleaf yethasnotcouragetoact takeaction 3 Symbolicmeaning ofthischaracter archetypalmodernmanofthefog dreamworldPrufrockwalksthrough ThereisanaimlessnessaboutthefogthatmirrorsPrufrock sownconditionofthecoffeespoons line51 trivialwayPrufrockhaslivedhislife Ironyinthepoem Thetitle lovesong singsofnolove butinabilitytolovebecauseofsolipsism Hehasclearinsightsintohissterilelifebutheislackinginwilltochangethatlife Hisstrongdesireforloveandhishundredtimesofindecisionsandrevisions Theusual commonnatureofhisconfessioncontrastswiththehyperbolebywhichhedefinestheconfession 4 MajorThemesof Prufrock ParalysisRepetitionandanxietyFragmentation MajorThemesof Prufrock Paralysis LikeHamlet Prufrockisparalyzedandunabletoact butwhetherheshould daretoeatapeach 122 infrontofhigh societywomen No IamnotPrinceHamlet 111 makestheconnectionexplicit Prufrockisamoderntragichero thatistosayheisamock herowhoseconcernsarepatheticyetstillreal MajorThemesof Prufrock Fragmentation Eliotachievesmuchofthisfragmentationthroughhisexquisiteimagery Comparisonbetweenthefog thatrubsitsmuzzleonthewindowpanes 16 andacat smovementAconfidence lessexaminationofhowwomen seyeshavePrufrock pinnedandwrigglingonthewall 58 Prufrock sself reductiontoa pairofraggedclaws 73 Theimagesin Prufrock arespecific symbolicandoftenunrelated orfragmented Prufrock smindisperhapsabetterrepresentative