超声振动钻孔机目录.docx

目录1 绪论11.1 前言11.2 振动钻削的国内外现状11.2.1 振动钻削的发展概况11.2.2 振动钻削装置的分类21.2.3 振动钻削存在的问题及其前景42 超声振动钻削的理论分析52.1 振动钻削特性分析52.1.1 超声振动钻削运动学分析52.1.2 振动钻削的动态角度特性72.1.3 振动钻削过程中钻头的静止化和刚性化效果92.2 振动钻削的分类112.3 振动钻削基本理论122.4 振动钻削加工工艺效果分析132.4.1 振动钻削能提高排屑效果的分析132.4.2 振动钻削能降低表面粗糙度的分析142.4.3 振动钻削减少出口毛刺高度的分析163 超声振动钻削系统的设计183.1 超声轴向振动钻削加工系统的概述183.2 激振装置的设计193.2.1 超声波发生器193.2.2 换能器的选用223.2.3 变幅杆的设计263.2.4 变幅杆材料的选取313.2.5 变幅杆与换能器的连接323.2.6 连接部件的设计344 实验钻床的选取404.1 Z5040A型钻床的参数404.2 Z5040A钻床的传动系统414.3 电气控制系统415 结论与展望435.1 结论435.2 研究展望44参考文献45摘要超声振动钻削技术能很好的解决小孔的精密加工问题，它从根本上改变了钻削机理，使普通钻削的连续切削过程转变为断续的脉冲式切削过程，已经在小孔加工中体现出普通钻削无可比拟的工艺效果。尤其对于难加工材料以及小直径精密深孔加工来说，振动钻削是强化传统加工工艺的有效途径。本文分析了振动钻削的基本原理和振动钻削过程，介绍了试验中所用的超声振动钻削加工系统，在现有试验条件的基础上，开展了如下研究工作：（1）对带圆锥过渡段的圆锥形复合变幅杆进行了修正改造，设计了新的工具系统，通过对变幅杆的细微修正，最终实现了声振系统(换能器、变幅杆、工具)的共振，揭示了变幅杆的修正规律，并在机床主轴旋转情况下对声振系统的谐振频率进行了测量，结果表明：主轴转速越高，系统的谐振频率越稳定，漂移越小；（2）根据变幅杆的设计原理，设计、制造了圆锥形变幅杆，并对由其组成的声振系统作了试验分析，最终实现了声振系统的共振。（3）以高频振动钻削机理为基础，结合台钻研制出一套超声振动钻削装置，以扭矩、孔扩量等为研究对象，建立超声振动钻削试验系统。关键词：超声振动；振动钻削；孔加工ABSTRACTThe technology of ultrasonic vibration drilling call be a good solution on small hole precision machining problemsIt has changed drilling mechanism by the rootsIt changed ordinary-continuous cutting process into discontinuous pulsecutting processIncomparable advantage is reflected when drilling small-holesVibration drilling has strengthened Orthodox working ways， especially for hard to machine materials in smalldiameter deepholes precision machining areasThe text analyzed the basic principle and process of vibration drilling and introduced ultrasonic vibration drilling device in the experiment. Based on the experiment condition, researched has completed as follow：(1) The stepped composite solid horn which has a coning changeover portion was amended and improved， and the new tools system was designed and manufactured. With amending the solid horn，the vibration systems(transducer、solid horn、tools)resonance was realizedThe text showed the rules of amending solid horn，then measured the resonance frequency of the vibration systemFrom measuring， conclusions were got：the higher of the machine tools principal axis rotating speed，the stabler of the resonance frequency，then the smaller of the drift(2) According to the design theory of solid horn， a stepped solid horn was designed and manufactured(3)Based on ultrasonic vibration drilling experimental system，comparative experiments between co