非谓语动词和从句的转换.ppt

非谓语动词与从句间的转换 非谓语动词与从句间的转换 在英语中 动词按其在句子中的作用 可分为 谓语动词和非谓语动词 谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词 非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词 一 什么叫做非谓语动词 二 非谓语动词的表现形式有 不定式 todo 现在分词 doing 过去分词 done 动名词 doing 三 非谓语使用条件 一个句子当中 已经存在一个主句 谓语动词 又没有连词的情况下 Shegotoffthebus butleftherhandbagonherseat Shegotoffthebus leavingherhandbagonherseat 四 非谓语动词充当的成分 分词作状语 分词做状语可以转换成其相对应的状语从句来表时间 条件 原因 Givenmoreattention thetreescouldhavegrownbetter Ifthetreeshadbeengivenmoreattention thetreescould Notknowinghistelephonenumber shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill Asshedidn tknowhistelephonenumber shehadsome Whilewaitingatthedentist s Ireadthewholeofashortstory WhileIwaswaiting Beforebeinginthearmy hewasanengineer Beforehewasinthearmy finish mywork Iwenttobed AfterIhadfinishedmywork Workinghard youwillsucceed Ifyouworkhard Havingfinished Beingsopoorinthosedays wecouldn taffordtosendtheboytohospital Asweweresopoor Weighingalmostonehundredjin thestonewasmovedbyhim Thoughthestoneweighedalmostonehundredjin 1 时间状语 可改为时间状语从句 也可在分词前加上连词 when while until 等 使其时间意义更明确 多置于句首 也可置于句末 2 原因状语 可改为原因状语从句或并列结构 多置于句首或句末 也可置于句中 3 条件状语 可加连词if unless等 也可换成条件状语从句 多置于句首 4 让步状语 有时可加although though evenif eventhough whether or等连词 可转换成让步状语从句 多置于句首 5 结果状语 可改为结果状语从句 多置于句末 6 方式 伴随状语 可改成并列结构或从句 多置于句末 A 现在分词与过去分词作状语 Whentheyheardthenews theyalljumpedwithjoy Hearing Whenthebabysawitsmother itsmiled Seeing Astheyhopedtogetoursupport theysentustheirstatement Hoping Thesnowlastedaweek soitresultedinaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea resulting Whenhearing Whileheworkedinthefactory hewasanadvancedworker Working Whileworking Whenseeing Whenitisseenfromthehill theparklooksverybeautiful Don tspeakuntilyouarespokento Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher swords theboydidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates Ifweweregivenmoretime wecoulddoitmuchbetter Hewaswarnedofthedanger buthestillwentskatingontheice Seen Greatlytouched Given spoken Warned he Ifgiven Whenseen 但是 有些分词作状语是独立结构 不与句子的主语产生联系 常见的有 judgingfrom generallyspeaking comparedto with considering providing ed supposingetc Generallyspeaking womenlivelongerthanmen Judgingfromwhatyousay heoughttosucceed Consideringthedistance hearrivedveryquickly Takingeverythingintoconsideration youshouldleave 一般说来 女人比男人活得长 从你的话看 他应当能成功 考虑路程 他到达得很快 考虑到各种因素 你最好离开 B 不定式作状语 不定式作状语常用来表目的 结果或原因 程度 条件等 Shelookedintothewindow andwantedtoseewhatwasgoingoninside Shelookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside 注 表目的的不定式还常与soas或inorder连用 构成soas not todo和inorder not todo结构 其中soas not todo不能用于句首 Togetthereintime wegotupveryearly Inordertogetthereintime wegotupveryearly Wegotupveryearly inorder soas togetthereintime Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsothathewouldnotlosehisjob soasnottolosehisjob 非谓语动词和从句的转换 I v ing形式与从句之间的转换 1 v ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句 Tom sknowingEnglishhelpshiminlearningFrench ThatTomknowsEnglishhelpshiminlearningEnglish Herbeingoutofworkwasunexpected Thatshewasoutofworkwasunexpected 2 v ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句 Irememberhavingpaidhimforhiswork IrememberthatIhavepaidhimforhiswork Hesuggestsourmakingbetteruseoftheschoollibrary Hesuggeststhatwe should makebetteruseoftheschoollibrary 3 v ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句 Ourworryisyourdependingtoomuchonhim Ourworryisthatyoudependtoomuchonhim Thequestionismanypeople sbeingtrappedinthefire Thequestionisthatmanypeoplearetrappedinthefire 4 v ing形式作定语可换成that who which引导的定语从句 Wewillstudyinthehousefacingsouth Wewillstudyinthehousethat whichfacessouth Themantalkingtomyteacherismyfather Themanwho thatistalkingtomyteacherismyfather 5 v ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句 Onarrivingthere Iwilltelephoneyou AssoonasIarrivethere Iwilltelephoneyou Whilewaitingforthebus Icaughtsightofher WhileIwaswaitingforthebus Icaughtsightofher 我一到那 就给你打电话 我等车的时候 看到了她 catchsightof 另外 v ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语 相当于一个并列句 也可和with结构转换 Hedied leavinghisdaughtermuchmoney Hedied and he lefthisdaughtermuchmoney Hedied withleavinghisdaughtermuchmoney 他死了 留给他女儿很多钱 II V ed形式与从句之间的转换 1 v ed形式作定语可换成定语从句 Thequestiondiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant Thequestionthat whichwasdiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant Theboylostinthoughtismybrother Theboywhoislostinthoughtismybrother 2 v ed形式作宾补可换成宾语从句 Ifoundtheroombrokenintoandalotofthingsstolen Ifound that theroomhadbeenbrokenintoandalotofthingshadbeenstolen 3 v ed形式作状语可换成状语从句 If heated waterwillturnintosteam Ifitisheated waterwillturnintosteam Don tspeakuntilspokento Don tspeakuntilyouarespokento III todo形式与从句的转换 1 todo形式作主语可转换成主语从句 Whenandwhere forus toholdthemeetingisunknownyet Whenandwherewewillholdthemeetingisunknownyet 2 todo形式作宾语或宾补可换成宾语从句 Idon tknowwhattodowiththematter Idon tknowthatIshoulddowiththematter Iwarnedhimnottodrivethecarafterdrinking Iwarnedthatheshouldnotdrivethecarafterdrinking 3 todo形式作表语可换成表语从句 Mywishistobecomeapilotaftergraduation MywishisthatIcanbecomeapilotaftergraduation 4 todo形式作定语可换成定语从句 Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance Themeetingthat whichwillbeheldisofgreatimportance Hewasthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave Hewasthefirstthatarrivedandthe