高中英语 语法剖析活用 Unit 4 Law and order学案 牛津译林版选修10.doc

unit 4 law and order【语法剖析活用】关于非谓语动词的复习一、动词不定式和动名词作主语动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。动名词作主语时，可以有其逻辑主语，但必须是所有格或形容词性物主代词。二、动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语1.不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作主语一样。2.动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容，现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。三、动词不定式和动名词作宾语1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want, wish, hope, manage, demand，promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest, deny等。3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词，意义上无多大区别，如love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start, continue等。4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词，但意义上有区别，如forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try等。四、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语，如ask, tell, order, want, wish, warn, allow, advise, permit, forbid等。2.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语，但意义不同，如see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, have, make等，且不定式不带to,但在被动结构中必须带to。不定式指动作的全过程；现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分，且表主动意义；过去分词指已经完成的动作，且表被动意义。五、不定式、动名词、分词作定语1. 不定式作定语表示“将要”，现在分词表示“正在”或主动，过去分词表示完成或被动。2. 动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作。六、动词不定式和分词作状语动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词，表示原因、目的和结果，分词作状语修饰动词和句子，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随和结果。【活学巧用】单项填空1. i tapped the top of my desk, _an easy way out of this matter.a. hoping for b. hoping to c. hoped for d. to hope for答案：a解析此处为现在分词作伴随状语。2. john pained her sitting in a chair with her hands _.a. folding b. to have folded c. to fold d. folded答案：d解析“with her hands+分词”是独立主格结构，作伴随状语。folded过去分词形式表被动。3. he sat back on the chair, took a book and began to read, _.a. being looked at ease b. looked rather at easec. to look rather at ease d. looking rather at ease答案：d解析现在分词短语作伴随状语。4. the steam engine gives us an example of heat _into work.a. turns b. turned c. turning d. being turned答案：d解析heat与turn存在被动关系，所以要用被动形式，再从意义上看，所举的是热能转变成动能这一例子，而不是被变成了动能的热能的例子，所以b项不当，此处应看作heat后省略了“s”,是动名词的复合结构。5. a russian-made rocket _a u.s. telecommunications satellite_ successfully _on thursday.a. carrying; is; launched b. carrying; was; launchedc. carried; has; launched d. carried; has been; launched答案：b解析题意为：周四，一枚载有美国无线电通讯卫星的俄罗斯制造的火箭成功发射了。rocket 是carry的逻辑主语，所以用现在分词。carrying a us telecommunications作定语修饰rocket;由on thursday判断应用一般过去时；rocket作主语句子应用被动语态。6. the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.a. not to b. not to do c. not do it d. do not to答案：a解析not to为not to do it的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。7.a television programme _“kimll fix it”invites viewers to say what they really want to do.a. being want to do b. having called c. calling d. called答案：d解析题意为：一个叫做“交给kim解决”的电视节目邀请观众说出他们想做的事。因为call与programme存在动宾关系，所以可以排除b、c两项；being called表示正在进行也不合题意。过去分词词组called“kimll fix it”做定语修饰programme。8there was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light.a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed答案：b解析由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。9._, liquids can be changed into gases.a. heating b. to be heated c. heated d. heat答案：c解析本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行，过去分词表被动，已经完成。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选c。它相当于一个状语从句when it is heated。选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，如果分词的动作是主句的主语发出者，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。10._a reply, he decided to write again.a. not receiving b. receiving notc. not having received d. having not rec