初中英语学科教学基本要求(新牛津8B).doc

初中英语学科教学基本要求（新牛津8B）Module1 Unit1 Trees主要内容重点单词:average, item, product, produce, gas, fighter, fact, scientist, interested, notebook, suppose, breathe, pure, release, alive, natural, warn, protect, chemical, join, communicate, burn, replace, hardly, destroy, exchange, nature, main, lorry词组：1. 平均年龄 /身高/体重 average age/height/weight 拓展on average2. 同污染做斗争 fight against pollution3. 与某人打架 fight with sb. (fight-fought-fought)4. 一个有关污染问题的班级课题 a class project on pollution5. 对感兴趣 be interested in sth./ doing sth./be keen on/be fond of /show great interest in6. 最大最古老的生物 the biggest and oldest living things (live-lively-alive-living)7. 在地球上 on the earth8. 别的什么 what else9. 美化街道，降低噪音 make streets more beautiful and less noisy (make +n./pron. + adj.)10. 因做某事而感谢某人 thank sb. for sth./doing sth.11. 1.5 公顷 one and a half hectares (=one hectare and a half)12. 喜欢呼吸纯净凉爽的空气 enjoy breathing pure, cool air (enjoy doing sth. breathe-breath)13. 提供（生产）足够的氧气 produce enough oxygen (enough 的用法)14. 从空气中吸掉有害气体 take harmful gases from the air15. 释放氧气到空中 release oxygen into the air(release=let out)16. 起的作用 do the job of = has the power of17. 使全班同学保持活力和健康 keep the whole class alive and healthy (keep +n./pron. + adj.)18. 几乎一整天 almost all day19. 例如 for example (插入语，加逗号)20. 天然的空调 natural air conditioners （naturalnature; air conditionerair-conditioned）21. 对非常了解 know a lot about22. 警告它的邻居 warn its neighbour23. 警告某人某事 warn sb of sth 24. 警告某人不要做某事 warn sb not to do25. 攻击某人/某物 attack sb./ sth.26. 通过做某事保护自己 protect oneself by doing sth. 27. 分泌一种化学药品 produce a chemical ( produceproduct; chemical-chemistry-chemist)28. 使树叶变得难吃 make the leaves taste nasty(make sb./sth. + do : taste + adj.)29. 把结合在一起 join together30. 与某人交流 communicate with sb/ keep in touch with sb.(communicatecommunication)31. 互相传递养料和水分 pass food and water to each other 两者 / one another大于等于三者32. 有（很大）危险 in (great) danger33. 砍伐和燃烧树木 cut down and burn trees (cut-cut-cut, burn- burned/ burnt- burned/ burnt)34. 也，还 as well as （A as well as B 就远原则）35. 代替，补上 replace= take the place of=be in place of36. 几乎没有 hardly any of = almost none of 37. 破坏，毁灭森林 destroy forests38. 给某人提供某物 provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb.39. 污染卫士 fighters against pollution = pollution fighters40. 保护免遭 protect from41. 阻止做某事 stop from doing sth./prevent.from42. 事实上 in fact=as a matter of fact43. 相互交换礼物exchange presents with each other（exchangechange-changeable-changing）44. 我认为 I suppose that45. 被认为 be supposed to/should.词性1. fighter (n.) 斗士；战士 - fight (v.) 战斗2. scientist (n.) 科学家 - science (n.) 科学3. breathe (v.) 呼吸 - breath n.) 呼吸4. interest (v./n.) 感兴趣；兴趣 - interested (adj.) 感兴趣的-interesting (adj.) 有趣的5. alive (adj.) 活着的- living (adj.) 有生命的-live v./n.居住，*现场的-*lively (adj) 活泼的6. main (adj.) 主要的 - mainly (adv.) 主要地；大体上7. nature (n.) 自然界；大自然 -natural (adj.) 自然的-naturally (adv.) 自然地8. product (n.) 产品 - produce (v.) 生产；产生- producer (n.) 生产者，制造者9. chemical (n./adj.) 化学物质；化学的-chemistry (n.) 化学10. warn (v.) 警告；使警惕 - warning (n.) 警告；警示11. pollute (v.) 污染 -pollution (n.) 污染-polluted (adj.) 被污染的12. noise (n.) 吵闹声，噪音 -noisy （adj.）吵闹的-noisily (adv.) 吵闹地，喧闹地13. really (adv.) 真正地，确实 -real (adj.) 真的，真实地 - realize (v.) 实现14. communicate (v.) 交流 -communication (n.) 交流15. pure (adj.) 纯净的 - purely (adv.) 纯净地-purer(比较级)16. harmful (adj.) 有害的 - harmless (adj.) 无害的 - harm (v./n.) 危害句型1. What good are trees? = What is the good of trees?2. They are the biggest and oldest living things on the earth.= They are bigger and older than any other living thing on the earth.3. Trees cool the air as well as clean it. =Trees clean the air and cool it as well. i. Trees not only clean the air but also cool it.ii. Trees both clean the air and cool it.4. We cut down and burn millions of trees every year, but we replace hardly any of them.5. =We cut down and burn millions of trees every year, but we replace almost none of them.语法：现在进行时 The present continuous tense意义：表示现在正在发生或进行的动作，通常与now, at present, these days等时间状语或Look! Listen! Be careful! 等暗示语连用。基本结构：主语+be (am/is/are) +动词现在分词（V-ing）+其他. （肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的结构）动词现在分词的构成方法：a. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing working, playing b. 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，去e 加-ing. coming, dancing c. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing stopping, beginning d. 以ie 结尾的重读开音节动词，变ie 为y, 再加-ing. lielying, tietying, diedying拓展词汇：Oxygen, hectare, nasty, air conditioner, best-known, sweet-smelling, Tree-planting Day, urban areas, exchange information, make a difference, remove dust, reduce pollution, add beauty to cities, provide sth for sb. = provide sb with sth., 人文教育通过对课文pollution fighters 一课的学习，让学生懂得环境保护的重要性以及如何以自己的实际行动去保护环境，关爱生活。结合3月植树节，让学生懂得爱护树木的重要性，并提出倡议搞好植树活动。建议让学生以 “Trees are important living things”为题写一篇小作文Suggested outline What good are trees?What do people do to trees?What should we do to protect trees?8B Module 1 Unit 2 Water一、主要内容重点单词daily, amount, increase, remain, symbol, flow, washbasin, obey, float, comfortably, relax, treatment, works, thorough, cleaning, pipe, until, pump, rest, ordinary, manufacture, equipment, tool, chart 词组保持不变 remain the same被覆盖 be covered with流入大海 flow into the sea刷牙 brush ones teeth开着/关了 be on/ off倒入；流进 pour into关掉/打开 turn off / turn on 向四周看 look around听上去不耐烦 sound impatient (sound 作为联系动词)微弱的声音 a faint voice欣赏()风景 enjoy the view (of)舒服地漂浮在云中 float comfortably in a cloud快速下滑 speed down （sped-sped）把带到 carry / take to.休息了几天 relax /rest for a few days长途跋涉 travel a long way净化 clean up被净化 get cleaned up自来水厂 a water treatment works一家污水处理工厂 a sewage plant旅程的终点 the end of ones journey用完；不再需要 finish with 给一次彻底的清洗 give a thorough cleaning记得(不要)去做某事 remember (not) to do sth. （与remember doing sth. 的区别）珍贵的，宝贵的 precious = valuable液体黄金 liquid gold给加入. add . to .一些化学物质 a few chemicals污染水 pollute water浪费水 waste water等一下 wait a minute与谈话 talk to / with sb. 一滴水 a drop of water从卫生间里出来 come out of the bathroom奇怪的 strange = *weird词性day (n.) 白天，一天 - daily (adj.) 每日的obey (v.) 遵守；服从 - disobey (v.) 不服从；违背float (v.) 浮；飘动 - floating (adj.) 漂浮的thorough (adj.) 彻底的；完全的- thoroughly (adv.) 彻底地treatment (n.) 处理加工；治疗-treat (v.) 对待；治疗cleaning (n.) 打扫；清洁-clean (v.) 打扫-cleaner (n.) 清洁工comfortably (adv.) 舒服地-comfortable (adj.)舒服的-uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的relax (v.) 放松；休息-relaxed (adj.) 感到放松的-relaxing (adj.) 轻松的-relaxation (n.)娱乐impatient (adj.) 不耐烦的-patient (adj.) 耐心的-patiently (adv.) 耐心地-patience (n.) 耐心freeze (v.) 结冰；凝固-freezing (adj.) 极冷的-frozen (adj.) 冰冻的；冷冻的* puzzle (v.) 使困惑 - *puzzled (adj.) 困惑的；茫然的-*puzzling (adj.) 令人迷惑不解的chemical (n./adj.) 化学物质；化学的-chemistry (n.) 化学pollute (v.) 污染-pollution (n.) 污染-polluted (adj.) 被污染的loud (adj.) 大声的；响亮的 - loudly (adv.) 大声地- aloud (adv.) 出声的bath (n.) 洗澡 - bathe (v.) 洗澡 - bathroom (n. ) 盥洗室drink (v./ n.) 饮用/饮料 - drinking (adj.) 饮用的 - drinkable (adj.) 可饮用的句型1. Daisy looked around, but saw no one. = Daisy looked around, but didnt see anyone.2. She was brushing her teeth and the tap was on. = She was brushing her teeth with the tap on.3. From the tap, I suppose.4. I suppose you also enjoy breathing pure, cool air.(可加入讲解think, suppose, believe, 等否定词的转移和反义疑问句的表达)eg. I dont think you are right, are you? She thinks the boss will ask another person to do the job, doesnt she?5.Do you know where Im from? （宾语从句语序用陈述） 6.It was time to get cleaned up. (It is time to do sth. = It is time for sth. )7.It is not easy for me to get here. (It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. )8.I waited there until you called me. (until 和 not until 的用法)9.Here I am. 倒装句 10.What do you mean by? = What is the meaning of? = What does mean?语法：表示数量的词只修饰可数名词的词：many, a few , few, a large number of , how many 只修饰不可数名词的词：much, a little, little, a huge amount of, how much.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词：some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, few, a few, little , a little 的区别和用法a little / not much , a few / not many 和 none, no too much, too many, too little, too few, 和 enough 的用法拓展词汇 decrease, liquid, solid, gas, the chemical symbol for water, vanish, drain, impatient, faint, puzzled, sewage, precious, a dripping tap, a running tap二、人文教育通过对课文water talk的学习，让学生了解水的流程图，知道水是来之不易的3月22日是世界水日，结合现在水资源的缺乏，倡导学生要节约用水，保护水资源三、教学建议结合世界水日的契机，让学生以 “The importance of water”为题写一篇小作文Suggested outline:How much do you know about water? (some facts about water)What good is water?What problems about water do we have?What should we do to do with the problems?1.Fight pollution反对污染-72Pollution is getting more and more serious nowadays. There is water pollution and air pollution. People cut down millions of trees every year. And a lot of forests are becoming sand. Our earth is in danger. I think we should fight pollution. We should plant more trees. We must stop throwing rubbish into rivers. We mustnt let the polluted smoke into the air. We should do everything we could do to fight pollution.Theres no denying that pollution is getting more and more serious nowadays. There is water pollution and air pollution. More importantly, people cut down millions of trees every year. And a lot of forests are becoming sand. Our earth is in danger. So I think we should fight pollution. We should plant more trees as well as protect the trees. We must not only stop throwing rubbish into rivers but also not let the polluted smoke into the air. We should do everything we could do to fight pollution. All in all, fight pollution is keeping the environment, and it is also protecting ourselves. 105 郑一帆Theres no doubt that pollution is getting more and more serious nowadays. There is water pollution, air pollution and so on. People cut down millions of trees every year. And a lot of forests are becoming sand. Our earth is in danger. I think we must fight pollution. We should plant more trees to reduce land pollution. Besides, we must stop throwing rubbish into rivers. Because that causes water pollution. Whats more, we mustnt let the polluted smoke into the air. We ought to drive less. In a word, we should take action to fight pollution and keep the earth from danger. 100 孙博雅There is no denying the fact that pollution is getting more and more serious nowadays. There are many kinds of pollution, such as water pollution and air pollution. The earth is in great danger now because of us. For example, people cut down millions of trees event