重庆市高考英语 （四月）阅读、短文改错训练（2） (2).doc

2015重庆四月高考英语阅读、短文改错训练（2）及答案阅读理解。an “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. it is not exactly a bribe(贿赂), but is close to it.all sorts of people are “apple polishers”， including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody. oliver cromwell, the great english leader, offered many gifts to win the support of george fox and his party, but failed.there are other phrases meaning the same thing as “applepolishing”“softsoaping” or “butteringup”. a gift is just one way to “softsoap” somebody, or to “butter him up”. another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praisetelling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is.endless are the ways of flattery. who does not love to hear it? only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. in truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it.we need it to be more sure of ourselves. it cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. but if we just lap it up for its good value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves.sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. a good example is the famous 12th century legend of king canute of denmark and england. the king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣). they overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might.he decided to teach them a lesson. he took them to the seashore and sat down. then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. the tide was too busy to listen to him. the king was satisfied. this might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery was.1which of the following activities has nothing to do with “applepolishing”？aa boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.ban employee tells her boss how good he is at management.ca knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers.da teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom.2what does the writer want to prove with cromwells example?aeverybody can be an apple polisher.bcromwell was not a good apple polisher.cgeorge fox and his party were not apple polishers.dthere are people who dont like being applepolished.3which of the following statements about flattery is true according to the author?atoo much flattery can carry us away.bflattery is too empty to do people any good.cflattery can get you nothing but excessive(过度的) pride.dflattery is one of the ways to applepolished people.4why did king canute of denmark and england take his followers to the seashore?abecause he was sick of his normal life.bbecause he disliked being overpraised any more.cbecause he wanted them to realize how wise he was.dbecause he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king.5who does the author think that flattery can do good to?athose who are politicians or in high offices.bthose who lack confidence.cthose who are really excellent.dthose who think highly of themselves.【要点综述】本文论述了现代社会存在的一个普遍现象，人们往往为了自己的一点儿利益去送礼或者说一些阿谀奉承的话，当然有时即使这样做了也未必就能实现自己的愿望。1d推理判断题。根据“an apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”可知，一个老师表扬学生并不是想得到什么好处。故选d项。2a细节理解题。根据“all sorts of people are apple polishers，including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody.oliver cromwell，the great english leader，offered many gifts to win the support of george fox and his party，but failed.”可知，高层的领导者也有拍马屁的人，可以想象每个人都可能是这种人。故选a项。3d细节理解题。根据“an apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”和“a gift is just one way to softsoap somebody，or to butter him upanother that is just as effective is flattery”可知选d项。4b细节理解题。根据“the king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣)”可知国王厌烦了朝臣们的阿谀奉承，故选b项。5b细节理解题。根据“in truth， flattery is good medicine for most of us，who get so little of it.we need it to be more sure of ourselves.it cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it.”可知，对于缺乏自信的人来说，奉承是有好处的。故选b项。阅读理解。mr. peter johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. mr. johnson took the only escape routethrough the boot(行李箱). mr. johnsons car had finished up in a ditch(沟渠)at romney marsin, kent after skidding(打滑)on ice and hitting a bank. “fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly, ”mr. johnson said. “i couldnt force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and i dared not open the windows because i knew water would come flooding in. ”mr. johnson, a sweet salesman of sitting home, kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot. then he began his struggle to escape. later he said, “it was really a half penny that saved my life. it was the only coin i had in my pocket and i used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. i hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came. ”it took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. then mr. johnson found a wrench(扳手)and began to work on the boot lock. fifteen minutes passed by. “it was the only chance i had. finally it gave, but as soon as i moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. i forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up. ”his hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), mr. johnson got to beckett farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmers wife, mrs. lucy bates. huddled in a blanket, he said, “that thirty minutes seemed like hours. ”only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. the vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch. 【文章大意】本文记述了mr. johnson由于车祸被困于水下车内半个小时, 最后死里逃生的故事。1. what is the best title for this newspaper article? a. the story of mr. johnson, a sweet salesmanb. car boot can serve as the best escape routec. driver escapes through car bootd. the driver survived a terrible car accident【解析】选c。主旨大意题。根据第一段“mr. peter johnson. . . escape from his trapped car. . . through the boot. ”可归纳出文章的标题为答案c。2. which of the following objects is the most important to mr. johnson? a. the hammer. b. the coin. c. the screw. d. the horn. 【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据第四段mr. johnson所说的话及他后面所做的事情可推知此题答案为b。3. “finally it gave”(paragraph 5)means that. a. luckily the door was torn away in the endb. at last the wrench went brokenc. the lock came open after all his effortsd. the chance was lost at the last minute【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据上文. . . work on the boot lock及下文but as soon as i moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in可推知此题答案为c。4. it may be inferred from the passage that. a. the ditch was along a quiet country roadb. the accident happened on a clear warm dayc. the police helped mr. johnson get out of the ditchd. mr. johnson had a tender wife and was well attended【解析】选a。推断判断题。根据第四段最后一句“. . . but no help came. ”及最后一段的第一句“. . . mr. johnson got to beckett farm nearby. . . ”可推知地点是在寂静的农村。【技法导练】多学一点棋高一着阅读理解运用词性转化破解阅读理解这篇阅读理解中的. . . by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot中的sound和hammer都是名词转化成的动词。sound(n. )_(v. ) _; hammer(n. ) _(v. ) _。做题时, 多注意词性转化也会让我们更好地理解文章。例如: to perfect her already excellent english, she has set new goals for herself and focuses on understanding grammar rules. 这句中的perfect是形容词转化的动词。perfect(adj. ) _(v. ) _。we back schools in using these powers to deal with problem pupils. 此句中的back也是词性转化, back(n. ) _(v. ) _。此处是动词, 表示支持。由此可知, 当我们遇到熟悉的单词时, 要根据语境来判断其词性推测其词义。答案:声音 按响 锤子 用锤子敲 完美的 使完美 后面 支持短文改错。该文中共有十处错误,每句中最多有两处,错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉。修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2、只允许修改十处, 多者(从第11处起) 不计分。recently, our school has held the meaningful discussion on whether it is reasonable for middle school students to have classes on weekends. some of our classmates believe we should have classes on weekends because we can make fully use of free time to review the lessons we had learnt. some others are against the opinion, saying we had better to have a good rest on weekends so that we can work effective during the weekdays. the rest agree with neither of the opinion. they have the view which keeping the balance between work and play are both important for us. they suggest one day of the weekend should used to learn our lessons and during the other day we do something interested or have a rest.【参考答案】4.the a fully full had have 删除 to effective effectively opinion opinionswhich that are is beinterested interesteing5.短文改错mr. black,were very gladly to have received your money and some reading materials. thank you very much. we had been studying hard since we came back to school. under the help of our teachers and classmates, we have made great progresses in our studies. so we often praised and encouraged by our teachers and parents. we have made up our minds to study hard than before to learn every subject good in order to be admitted to key universities in the future.were looking forward to see you, but we have no chance to go to the hangzhou ourselves. so we hope you can post us a photo of yours soon.best wishes,yours, 【参考答案】5.1.gladly-glad 2.had-have 3.under-with 4.progresses-progress 5.we后加are6.hard-harder 7.good-well 8.see-seeing 9.去掉the 10.your-yours6.下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在下面加上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。as is know to us all, paper burns easy. yesterday, mike, a six-year-old boy, made a paper box and then filled it for water. he then lit a candle and tries to burn the p