模块9 unit4 词汇讲解 江苏.docxVIP

模块九 Unit4 词汇讲解译林牛津版高三英语选修九教学案例Part I (Reading/Grammar and usage)【要点解析】1.polish (1) polish vt. 磨光，擦亮，提高，改进He polished his floor with a special chemical.他用一种特殊的化学物质来擦亮地板。 (2) polish up磨光，擦亮，提高，改进He polished up an old copper coin.他擦亮了一枚古铜币。Ill need to polish up my French if Im going to France for my holidays.如果我想去法国旅游，我需要提高我的法语。 （3）polish off 吃完，完成He polished up a plate of fish in no time at all他瞬间就吃完了一盘子鱼 (4) polish n.鞋油，去污剂，亮彩，磨擦Your shoes need a polish你的鞋需要擦一擦。He bought a tin of brown polish他昨天买一听褐色鞋油。A hot plate can spoil the tables polish.热盘子会毁桌面的光滑。Your writing has potential but lacks polish.你的文章有潜质但缺少文采。2. figure (1)figure n. 数字；钱数His score is now well into double figures.他的得分现在已达到两位数了。It is estimated that his property is up to a figure of $200 million.据估计他的财产已达两亿美元的金额。 （2）figure n. 体形，体态How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?她吃这么多，究竟是怎样保持优美的身材的？ （3）figure n. 人物，重要人物He was the outstanding political figure of his time.他是他那个时代的著名政治人物。 （4）figure n. 人影I cant make out a dark figure in the distance.我看不清远处的一个黑色人影。 （5）figure v. (经过思考后)认为，以为I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive.我认为他喝醉了，不应该让他开车。 （6）figure v. 计算Larry figured his expenses for the past month.拉里计算了他上个月的开支。 词组：figure out 想出，理解（某事）Can you figure out how to do it?你能想出这件事该怎么办？It took me hours to figure those algebra problems out.我花几个小时才算出那些代数题。3. in other words 换言之，也就是说In other words, our objective is to avoid losing.也就是说，我们的目标是要避免失败。拓展： 1）find the words 用恰当的语言表达She only wished she could find the words to express her affection for the old man.她只想希望用恰当的语言表达对这位老人的感情。 2）keep ones word 信守诺言Gail kept her word and returned all the money.盖尔履行了她的诺言，把钱如数归还。 3）in a word 总之，一句话，简言之-Do you enjoy the film?-In a wordno.“你喜欢这部电影吗？” “一句话，不喜欢。” 4）word for word 逐字逐句The newspaper printed his speech more or less word for word.报纸几乎逐字逐句地刊登了他的讲话。 5）have a word with sb. 与某人交谈Could I have a word with you after the meeting?会后我们可否谈谈？ 6）have words with sb, 与某争吵Yesterday he had words with his classmate about a small thing.昨天他为一件小事跟同学吵架了。4. represent v. 1) 代表（某人、某团体）Mr. Kobayashi was chosen to represent the company at the conference.小林先生被选为该公司会议的代表。 2）体现，表达（某一那群人的情感、意见等）The protesters represented only a small section of public opinion.抗议者仅表达了一小部分民意。 3）作为（某团体）的代表出席All the local societies and clubs were represented in the parade.当地所有的社团和俱乐部都有代表参加了游行。 4）象征，表示The red lines on the map represent railways.地图上的红线表示铁路。 5）（用图画）表示，描绘The painting represents the first settlers arriving in America.这幅画描绘了首批移民到达美洲时的情景。 6）represent oneself as 佯称自己是They represented themselves as the party of low taxation.他们佯称自己是主张低税率的党派。 7）represent sb as 把某人描写为Shakespeare represents Richard III as a cruel-hearted person.莎士比亚将理查三世描写成一个心肠狠毒的人。 8) 再送给，再提出The phone company re-presented the bill for payment.电话公司再度寄来账单要求付款。5. worth prep. 值-钱；相当于-的价值 1) be worth a lot 值许多钱The diamond necklace is worth a lot.这个钻石项链很值钱。 2) be worth a fortuneNow theyve found oil the land must be worth a fortune.既然他们发现了石油，那块土地肯定是价值连城。 3) be worth doing 值得做It is a film worth seeing. 这是一部值得看的电影。 4) be worth it 值得I didnt write to Louise, because I didnt think it was worth it.我没有给路易斯写信，因为我觉得不值得。 5) its well worth doing sthIts well worth getting there an hour early, if you want a good seat.你如果想占一个好座位，很值得提前一个小时到那儿。区别：be worthy of being donebe worthy to be donebe worthy of + n.it is worthwhile doing/to do sth.6. mend ones way 改邪归正，改过自新In the past, he was a troublemaker, but now he has mended his way.过去，他是个惹事生非的人，但现在已经改邪归正了。mend a fault 改正错误Crying will not mend matters. 哭无济于事。The patient is mending nicely. 病人正在日益好转。It is never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。联想：find ones way out 找到出路feel ones way 摸索着前进fight ones way 突破-而前进make ones way （艰难）朝-走force ones way 挤出一条路have ones way 随心所欲push ones way 挤过去7. expression n. 1) 词，词组；措辞The expression “in the family way” means “pregnant”.词组“in the family way”的意思是“怀孕”。 2) 表情Petra looked at her plate with an expression of disgust.彼得拉看着自己盘子里的食物，面露厌恶的表情。 3) 表达，表示The minister gave expression to his anger in an attack on the government last night.这位部长昨晚对政府进行了攻击，表达了他的愤怒。 4) 表露，展现Toms potential artistic talents found their expression in music.汤姆的艺术潜能在音乐中得以体现。8. mean v. 1) 意欲，打算mean to do sthIve been meaning to phone you all the week.整整一星期以来我一直打算给你打电话。mean sb to do sthOh, no! I never meant her to read those comments.真不应该！我从来没打算让她看那些评论。mean for sb to do sthI didnt mean for her to get hurt.我并没有让她受到伤害的意思。be meant to do sth 应该做某事I thought the police were meant to protect people.我以为警察的职责就是保护人民。 2）意味着，意思是What do you mean by that? 你那么说是什么意思？Im determined to solve this mystery even if it means traveling to New York myself.我决心解开这个秘密，即使这意味着我要亲自到纽约去一趟。拓展：mean adj. 卑鄙的，不善良的，吝啬的It was mean of you to eat all the food.你把所有的食物都吃光了，你可太坏了。Dont be so mean to her. 不要对她如此刻薄！Hes always been mean with his money. 他对钱总是很吝啬。9. dream n. & v. 梦想；梦，幻想I had a strange dream last night。昨晚我做一个奇怪的梦。I sometimes dream of home.我有时梦见自己的故乡。I dreamt about an old friend yesterday.昨天晚上我梦见一位老朋友。I never dreamed that I should see you here.我从未想到会在这儿见到你。拓展（同源宾语的用法）：The little girl smiled a sweet smile when her teacher gave her apple.当老师给那个小女孩苹果时，她甜甜地笑了。Before graduation every student wants to dream a good dream.毕业前每个学生都想做好梦。After the war the people in this village live a peaceful life.战后村子里的人们过着平静的生活。The soldier died a glorious death for preventing the army leader being caught.为阻止军官被捉，士兵光荣死去。The old man laughed a crazy laugh, which made everyone puzzled.老人狂笑，令我们很吃惊。10. refer to 1) 提到，谈到We agreed never to refer to the matter again.我们一致同意永远一再提这件事。Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.尽管她没有提到任何名字，但大家都知道她指的是谁。 2) 参考，查看，查阅Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.请在不查阅词典的情况下完成练习。 3) 涉及，关于The figures in the left-hand column refer to our sales abroad.左栏里的数字是关于我们海外销售额。 4) 让-去查询，提交（某机构或某人）作决定Professor Watson referred me to an article she had written on the subject.沃森教授要我去查阅她写的一篇关于这个主题的文章。11. passage n. 1) 过道，走廊Marys room is just along the passage.玛丽的房间就在走廊的那一边。 2) 通道，通路We forced a passage through the crowd.我们从人群中挤出一条通道。 3) 一段，一节You will understand the whole text after reading the first passage.读了第一段之后，你就会理解整个课文了。 4) （法案的）通过The bill was amended several times during its passage through the Congress.那项法案在国会通过期间作过几次修改。 5) 穿过；越过；经过The bridge isnt strong enough to allow the passage of heavy vehicles.那座桥不够坚固，无法承载重型车辆通过。 6) 时间的流逝With the passage of time, things began to look more hopeful.随着时间的流逝，事情开始显得更有希望了。Part III Task/Project【要点解析】1. instruct v. 1)命令，指示instruct sb to do sthOur staff have been instructed to offer you every assistance.我方工作人员奉命为您提供一切帮助。as instructed 依照指示We returned the questionnaire as instructed.我们依照指示交回了调查表。 2)教授，指导instruct sb in sthGreater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.需要更大的努力来教导孩子们的道路安全意识。 3)（正式）通知instruct sb thatI want you to instruct them that they have to attend an important meeting to attend this afternoon.我要你通知他们今天下午他们都得出席一个重要会议。 4)(法律)聘请（律师）出庭Once you have decided to proceed with a case, you should instruct a good lawyer.一旦你决定打官司，应当聘请一位好律师。2. circumstance n. 1)情况，情形I cant imagine a circumstance in which I would be quarrelling with her.我想象不出一种我会跟她吵架的情形。 2)under/in no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不Under no circumstances are you to leave the house.你无论如何都不得离开这所房子。 3)in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此The result was the best that could be expected under the circumstances.在这种情况下，这是我们能期待的最好结果。 4)无法控制的因素，环境，境遇Force of circumstance compelled us to leave. 形势所迫， 我们不得不走。3. suit 1) vt. 适合，相配Will it suit you if I come around at three?我三点来合适吗?That song doesnt suit his voice.这首歌不适合你的嗓子Your hairstyle doesnt suit your face.你的发型与你的脸型不相配 2) n.（一）套，套装Today he is wearing a sports suit今天他穿着一套运动服He looks very handsome in a suit of dark clothes.穿一套深色西服，他看上去很潇洒 3) vt. suit oneself 随某人的便“I dont really feel like going out tonight.” “Suit yourself.”我今晚不是很想出去随你的便 4) be suited to 和相配These clothes arent really suited to a tropical climate.这些衣服不适合于热带地区4. honour 1) n. 荣誉，光荣的事For the French team, winning tomorrows game is a matter of national honour.对法国队来说，在明天的比赛中获胜事关国家荣誉。Earlier this year I had the honour of meeting the President and Mrs Bush.今年早些时候，我有幸见到了布什总统和他的夫人。 2) n. 荣誉称号，荣誉勋章Churchill received many of his countrys highest honours.邱吉尔曾获得过很多由国家授予的最高荣誉勋章。 3) vi./vt. 感到荣幸；礼待（某人）I felt deeply honoured to be playing against the former Wimbledon Champion.能与温布尔登网球的前冠军球手比赛，我深感荣幸。Our honoured guests this evening are the scientists from America.我们今晚的贵宾是来自美国的科学家。 4) 给（某人）以荣誉The government has honoured him many times for his great contributions to his motherland.由于他对祖国的作出的巨大贡献，政府给予他很多荣誉。词组：it is an honour to do sth. 很荣幸做某事in honour of 为了表示对（某人）的崇敬do the honours （在社交场合）尽主人之谊honour a contract / ag