黑龙江省伊市阅读理解暑假作业（6）(1).doc

黑龙江省伊春市2015阅读理解暑假作业（6）及答案（高考英语）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考英语河北省衡水中学一调考试】a new crime prediction software should reduce not only the murder rate, but the rate of other crimes. developed by richard berk, a professor at the university of pennsylvania, the software has already used in baltimore and philadelphia to predict which individuals on probation(缓刑) or parole(假释) are most likely to murder and to be murdered. “when a person goes on probation or parole he is supervised(监督) by an officer. the question is what level of supervision is appropriate?” said berk. it used to be that parole officers used the persons criminal record, and their judgment to make decisions. “this research replaces those seat-of-the pants calculations,” he said. technology helps determine level of supervision. on average there is one murder for every 100,000 people. even among high-risk groups the murder rate is one in 100. predicting such a rare event is very difficult, but advances in computer technology works. years ago, the researchers made a dataset of more than 60,000 various crimes. using the software they developed, they found some much more likely to commit murder when paroled or probated. they could identify eight future murderers out of 100. berks software examines roughly two dozen variables(可变因素), from criminal record to geographic location. the type of crimes, and more importantly, the age at which that crime was committed, were two of the most predictive variables. “people assume that if someone murdered then they will murder in the future,” said berk. “ what really matters is what that person did as a young individual. predicting future crimes sounds well. but we arent anywhere near being able to do that.” “berks scientific answer leaves policymakers with difficult questions. by labeling one group of people as high risk, and supervise them closely, there should be fewer murders, which the potential victims should be happy about. it also means that those high-risk individuals will be supervised more aggressively. for human rights advocates, that means punishing people who, most likely, will not commit a crime in the future,” said bushway. “it comes down to a question of whether you would rather make these errors or those errors.”21. the underlined words(in para.3) probably mean_. a. calculations based on subjective opinions b. calculations based on widespread voting c. calculations made by advanced technology d. calculations based on serious considering22. for 650 people with crime records, how many potential murderers would the software find? a. 6.5. b. 13. c. 52. d. 65.23. from para 7, we can infer that_. a. the technology developed by richard berk will soon be widely used in the usb. the technology would not be widely accepted in the short termc. whether a person murders or not largely decided by his upbringing while youngd. if a person murdered when he was fifty, he is sure to murder again while on probation24. bushways attitude to the technology put forward by richard berk is _.a. positive b. negative c. objective d. indifferent25. which would be the best title for the passage?a. closely supervise potential murders b. measures taken to prevent criminal behaviorc. technology revolutionizes judges way of working d. software is developed to predict criminal behavior【参考答案】 (a) acbcd 任务型阅读 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。parents can help their seventh and eighth grade students stand out in and out of their english classroom by introducing them to newspapers. newspapers not only offer information on current events, but they can also be used to test your childs knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and more. who, what, where, when, why, and howhave your child read the first couple of paragraphs of a news story. ask them to write down all of the important facts, such as who, what, where, when, why and how. this helps parents to see if their children comprehend the basic facts and information they read. grammarparents can monitor a childs understanding of grammatical parts of speech (词性) without a grammar textbook. ask your child to read a paragraph in an article and then list a specific number of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions and the like, which serves more of a test of their grammatical knowledge. encourage them to list each of these parts of speech in a paragraph. then, reread the paragraph to see if they missed anything. persuasionask your child to select an advertisement from the newspaper. have them investigate how specific words or phrases influence their feelings about a particular product. then, encourage them to create an advertisement of their own for an item they do not like. tell them not to show their true feelings and try to make people want to buy this unwanted item. after that, ask them to list the persuasive techniques used in their ad. facts vs opinionsselect an editorial for your middle schooler to read. have your child divide a piece of paper into two columns, one marked fact, and the other marked opinion. have your student decide which column it fits under. this will help your child better understand facts versus opinions. another related exercise is responding to an editorial. encourage your child to write letters to the editor or responses to editorials or other articles. before your child sends his or her letter, check the opinion section to see what requirements there are. headlines and synonyms (同义词)ask your middle schooler to rewrite a couple of headlines using the synonyms of the original words. compare the headlines. do the original versions or the rewrites sound better? this is a great exercise to help students learn synonyms and expand their vocabulary. if you find your seventh or eighth grade child is struggling with these newspaper activities, it may be an indicator that they have fallen behind in their reading skills. these activities were designed with a seventh or eighth grader in mind; therefore, while they are educational, they should be more of reinforcement (增强) instead of a major reading challenge. outlinesupporting detailsan approach to learning 1 students in seventh and eighth grades to newspapers can be helpful in learning english.newspaper 2 ask students to read the first paragraphs of a news story and write down the important and 3 facts to see if they can understand them. have students read an article and list different parts of speech to improve their understanding of 4 . select an ad and ask students to find the persuasive expressions 5 in it, and then create their own ad for a product they dislike. select an editorial and have students 6 between facts and opinions. after that encourage them to write a 7 to an editorial. ask students to write a few synonyms and compare them with the 8 headlines to help them with their vocabulary expansion.possible results it may 9 that a child is poor at reading if he or she has 10 with these activities. these activities, designed for special graders, can not be used as a major reading challenge.【参考答案】任务型：1. introducing 2. activities 3. basic 4. grammar 5. used 6. distinguish 7. response / reply8. original 9. indicate / show 10. difficulty / trouble阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的四个选项( a. b. c. d ) 中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考英语吉林省白山市第一中学二模】a that summer an army of crickets(蟋蟀) started a war with my father. dad didnt care for insects much more than mamma, but he could tolerate a few living in the basement. mamma was a city girl and she said a cricket was just too noisy. then to support her point she wouldnt go to bed. she drank coffee and smoked my fathers cigarettes and paced between the sofa and the tv. next morning she threatened to pack up and leave, so dad drove to the store and hurried back. he sprayed poison from a jug. when he was finished he told us that was the end of it. for a couple of weeks we went back to find dead crickets in the laundry. he suggested that wed all be better off to hide as many as we could from mamma. i fed a few dozen to the cat who i didnt like because he scratched for no reason. however, soon live crickets started showing up in the kitchen and bathroom. mamma was upset because she thought they were the dead crickets coming back, but dad said these were certainly new ones. he fetched his jug of poison and sprayed all over until the whole house smelled of poison, and then he sprayed the basement again. a couple of weeks later, when both live and dead crickets kept turning up, dad emptied the basement of junk. then he burned a lot of old newspapers and magazines which he said the crickets had turned into nests. while we ate supper that evening, the wind lifted some flames onto the wood pile. the only gasoline was in the lawn mowers(割草机) fuel tank but that was enough to create an explosion big enough to reach the house. once the roof caught, there wasnt much anyone could do. after the fire trucks left, mamma took the others to aunt gails. i helped dad and uncle burt carry things out of the house and pile them by the road. we worked into the night and we didnt talk much, while all around the noise of crickets broke our silence. 56. what do we know about the authors mother? a. she didnt like insects at all. b. she liked insects more than his father. c. she cared for insects very much. d. she could only tolerate a few insects. 57. the authors father drove to the store to buy _. a. cigarettes for himselfb. some poison c. more coffee for his wifed. some gasoline58. the authors father burned the old newspapers and magazines because he thought _. a. they were no longer useful b. the crickets were afraid of fires c. they became the home of crickets d. the dead crickets came back to life59. we learn from the last paragraph that _. a. the authors family lost their battle against the crickets b. the authors parents learned to put up with insects c. the authors family didnt suffer much in the fire d. the authors parents got divorced【参考答案】5659、abca 阅读理解-a starving polar bears are eating one another in the arctic. flowers are blooming too soon and die. the ice caps are melting so fast that rising water levels will threaten coastal towns along florida within several decades. these are just a few examples of the serious consequences of climate change supported by a new analysis in nature. in the past three decades, average global temperatures have risen about 1 degree fahrenheit (0.6 degree celsius) and are projected to jump by about 3 degrees f (1. 7 degrees c) by the end of the century, says study lead author cynthia rosenzweig, who heads the climate impacts group at nasas goddard institute for space studies at columbia university in new york city. weve already seen that a relatively low amount of wanning, she says, can result in a broad range of changes. the unnatural warming caused by man-made greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide produced by cars and coal-powered plants, brings trouble for entire ecosystems. in north america alone, scientists have identified 89 species of plants, such as the american holly that have flowered earlier in the spring. in spain, apple trees bloom 35 days ahead of schedule in response to the higher temperatures. other wildlife, like the insects that use certain plants for food and the birds that feed on the insects, must then move forward their seasonal stirrings (萌动) and mating patterns to survive. to try to follow this time shift, some birds such as robins, the classic symbol of winters thaw(解冻时期) , are returning to colorado from their migrations (迁徙) some two weeks earlier than in years past. all these changes can throw a food chain in disorder. some bird species that arrive before the insects reappear may starve to death. around the world, plants and animals are waking up to an earlier alarm clock than they used to, says terry root, a biologist from stanford university. 1. what does the first paragraph mainly present to the readers?a. the survival of polar bears in the arctic.b. the terrible situation for the coastal town along florida.c. a brief description of what a warming world will look like.d. a new analysis of climate change in nature. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为段落大意题。细读第一段，先描述气候变化的几个严重后果的例子，最后进行概括总结，故答案为c。a，b选项都是后果之一，d选项不是第一段的重点。注意把握最后一句 “these are just a few examples of the serious consequences of”, 答案就不难选择。2. according to the passage, what has happened to plants as a result of warming climate?a. many species of plants have died out. b. some flowers have appeared ahead of time.c. apple trees have produced less fruit. d. plants have provided no food to birds.答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节推理题。由第三段 “in north america alone, scientists have identified 89 species of plants, such as the american holly that have flowered earlier in the spring. in spain, apple trees bloom 35 days ahead of schedule.”可知，花卉提前开放。故答案为b。3. what can be learnt about robins from the passage?a. they are good at telling the direction.b. they can predict the change of weather.c. they usually come back when spring comes. d. they have to move away for cool weather.答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节推理题。由倒数第二段 “to try to follow this time shift, some birds such as robins, the classic symbol of winters thaw, are returning to colorado from their migrations some two weeks earlier than in years past.” 可知，robin鸟是冬天解冻时期的象征，比往年要早两周回到colorado，故可以推断，这些鸟在春天天气暖和后才回来，由于全球气温升高，他们可以早点回到colorado。故答案为c。4what does the passage mainly tell us?a. man-made warming changes natures clock.b. global warming is unavoidable.c. both plants and animals will change. d. people need to adapt to climate change.答案解析：答案为a。本题为文章主旨大意题。结合全文内容，人类活动导致全球气温升高，造成了生态系统中动植物生物钟的紊乱，最后一段 “around the world, plants and animals are waking up to an earlier alarm clock than they used to,”再次点题。故答案为a。 (一)a(2013全国，a)some people will do just about anything to save money. and i am one of them. take my familys last vacation. it was my sixyearold sons winter break from school, and we were heading home from fort lauderdale after a weeklong trip. the flight was overbooked, and delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. i had meetings in new york, so i had to get back. but that didnt mean my husband and my son couldnt stay. i took my ninemonthold and took off for home.the next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. yes, i encouragedokay, orderedthem to wait it out at the airport to “earn” more delta dollars. our total take: $1,600. not bad, huh?now some people may think im a bad mother and not such a great wife either. but as a bigtime bargain