JC2_H2_Bio_Post_Prelims_Suggested_Study_Plan.docx

Week 1Good to go Self study ConsultationDurationTopicCan you answer the following questions?1 hrCell structure1. Relate structure to the function of membrane systems and organelles in plant and animal cell2. State and explain the functions of membrane system2 hrBiological molecules1. Describe the structure of starch, cellulose, glycogen and relate to their function2. Describe the structure of a triglyceride and a phospholipid, and relate these structures to their function.3. Describe the structure of an amino acid and the formation and breakage of a peptide bond.4. Explain the meaning of the terms primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure of proteins, and describe the types of bonding which hold the molecule in shape.5. Relate the structure of haemoglobin, as an example of a globular protein, and of collagen as an example of a fibrous protein to their functions.1 hrEnzymes1. Explain and be able to draw the graphs of the effects of a) temperatureb) pHc) enzyme concentrationd) substrate concentration on the rate of enzyme activity2. Explain and be able to draw the graphs on the effects of competitive and non-competitive inhibitors1 hr 15 min_JC Paper 1COMPULSORY2 hr_ JC Paper 22 hr_JC Paper 3Total: 9 hr 15 minWeek 2Good to goSelf studyConsultationDurationTopicCan you answer the following questions?2 hrMitosis and meiosis1. Describe with the aid of diagrams, the behaviour of chromosomes during the mitotic cell cycle and meiosis, and the associated behaviour of the nuclear envelope, cell membrane and centrioles.2. Explain the importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual reproduction.3. Explain the need for reduction division (meiosis) prior to fertilisation in sexual reproduction.4. Explain how meiosis and random fertilisation can lead to variation.3 hrDNA and genomics1. Describe the structure and roles of DNA and RNA (tRNA, rRNA and mRNA). 2. Describe the process of DNA replication and the experimental evidence for semi-conservative replication.3. Describe transcription and translation processes.4. Explain how a change in the sequence of the DNA nucleotide (gene mutation) may affect the amino acid sequence in a protein, and hence the phenotype of the organism e.g. sickle cell anaemia and cystic fibrosis. 1 hr 15 min_JC Paper 1COMPULSORY2 hr_JC Paper 22 hr_JC Paper 3Total: 9 hrWeek 3Good to goSelf studyConsultationDurationTopicCan you answer the following questions?3 hrGenetics of Bacteria and viruses1. Compare between lytic and lysogenic life cycle of bacteriophage 2. Explain each step of the life cycle of HIV3. Explain each step of the life cycle of influenza virus4. Describe the process of a) binary fissionb) transformationc) transductiond) conjugation5. Explain how the the Lac operon works6. Explain how the Trp operon works7. Distinguish between inducible and repressible enzyme systems3 hrOrganisation of genome1. Difference between structure and organisation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome2. Describe the function of non-coding regions includinga) intronb)centromerec)telomered) promotere) enhancerf) silencer3. Know how gene expression can be controlleda) At the DNA levelb) At the transcriptional levelc) At the post transcriptional leveld) At the translational levele) At the post translational level4. Difference in control of gene expression between prokaryote and eukaryote1 hr_JC Paper 1COMPULSORY2 hr _JC Paper 22 hr_JC Paper 3Total: 11 hrWeek 4Good to goSelf studyConsultationDurationTopicCan you answer the following questions?2 hrGenetic Basis of variation1. Explain the termsa) locusb) allelec) dominant vs recessived) codominante) homozygous and heterozygousf) phenotype vs genotype2. Solve the following types of genetic problems:a) dihybrid crossb) test crossc) back crossd) codominancee) multiple allelesf) sex linkedg) linked genesf) polygenes and additive effectg) Epistasis ( dominant and recessive)h) chi squared test2 hrPhotosynthesis1. With reference to the chloroplast structure, explain the light dependent reactions ofphotosynthesis, including cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation2. Outline the three phases of the Calvin cycle: (i) CO2 uptake (ii) carbon reduction and(iii) ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration and indicate the roles of ATP and NADP inthe process.3. Discuss limiting factors in photosynthesis 2 hrRespiration1. Give an overview of the 4 stages of aerobic respiration and indicate where each stagetakes place in an eukaryotic cell and mitochondria, and add up the energy captured (as ATP,reduced NAD and FAD) in each stage.2. Explain the production of a small yield of ATP from anaerobic respiration and the formation of ethanol in yeast and lactate in mammals.1 hr 15 min_JC Paper 1COMPULSORY2 hr_JC Paper 22 hr_JC Paper 3Total: 11 hr 15 minWeek 5Good to goSelf studyConsultationDurationTopicCan you answer the following questions?2 hrHomeostatsis Part 11. Explain what is meant by an endocrine gland, with reference to the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.2. Explain how the blood glucose concentration is regulated by insulin and glucagon.3. Describe the main stages of cell signalling ligand-receptor interaction, signal transduction(inclusive of phosphorylation and signal amplification) and cellular responses. 2 hr Homeostatsis Part 21. Describe and explain the transmission of an action potential along a myelinated neurone.2. Describe the structure of a cholinergic synapse and explain how it functions, including the role of Ca 2+ ions.2 hrDiversity and Evolution1. Naming of species and the order of different taxonomic groups2. How species are formed with reference to:a) geographical isolationb) physiological isolationc) behavioural isolation3. Explain the concept of natural selectiona) variation must existb) selection pressurec) selective advantage and disadvantaged) survive to reproductive age to produce viable offspring4. Explain the different types of homology and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of homology5. How homology supports Darwins descent with modification6. How biogeography and fossil record support homology7. Explain neutral theory and how it differs from Darwins theory1 hr 15 min_JC Paper 1COMPULSORY2 hr_JC Paper 22 hr_JC Paper 3Total: 11 hr 15 minWeek 6Good to goSelf studyConsultationDurationTopicCan you answer the following questions?2 hrIsolation andCloning Part 11. Outline the procedure of cloning a eukaryotic gene into a bacterial plasmid2. Describe the properties of plasmids that make them ideal as cloning vectors3. Explain how the problems of introns in eukaryotes can be overcome in cloning4. Compare between a cDNA and genomic library5. Outline how the steps of how human growth hormone and insulin can be produced by genetic engineering2 hr Isolation andCloning Part 2 1. Describe the steps of PCR and the rationale behind each step2. List the advantages and disadvantages of PCR and explain why3. Describe the steps of gel electrophoresis and the rationale of each step4. Explain how RFLP analysis facilitated the process ofa) genomic mappingb) disease detectionc) DNA fingerprinting5. Discuss the goals and implications of the Human Genome Project2 hrStem cells and GMO Part 11. Describe the unique features of zygotic stem cells, embryonic stem cells and blood stem cells, correctly using the terms totipotency, pluripotency and multipotency2. Explain the normal functions of stem cells in a living organism3. Describe two types of genetic diseases e.g. SCID (severe combined immunodeficie