新目标八年级下册 u9-10.doc

八年级下册units9-10综合复习Z 重要短语：1. have/has been to 曾经去过某地2. have/has gone to 到某个地方去了3. hear of/about 听说4. take different routes 走不同的路线5. haveahardtime in doing 做某事困难6. endup（in）doing以结束:结果为: 7. threequarters四分之三 8. practicedoing练习做某事 9. wakeup醒来10. getalongwith相处11. atleast至少 12. comealong（意外）出现；发生；来到 13. feellikedoing想要做14. on board在船上15. rather than 而不是16. tour guide导游17. all year round一年到头，终年18. look through浏览，仔细检查19. be friendly to对友好Z 重点句型 1.Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?No,Ihavent 2.Ihavebeentoanaquariumalotoftimes.Me,too 3.Itisaniceday,isntit?Whataniceday,isntit? 4.Friendslikeyoumakeiteasiertogetalonginanewplace. 5 . Ihaveahardtimefindingituntilyooucamealong 6. ItwasbecauseIcouldspeakEnglishthatIgotthejob. Z 重难点解析1.Have you ever been to an amusement park?你去过游乐场吗? (1) ever adv.曾经。常与现在完成时连用。也用于疑问句、否定句、比较级、最高级之后。 Have you ever seen a dolphin?你见过海豚吗? My brother studied harder than ever.我弟弟比以前更用功了。This is the most beautiful flower I have ever seen.这是我见过的最漂亮的花。【拓展】 ever since从以来 ever after从那以后辨析：already，ever，yet与still already adv.“已经”。通常用于肯定句中，与现在完成时连用。 I have already seen the film.我已看过这部电影了。 Have you read the book already?你已看过这本书了吗? ever adv.“曾经”。用于现在完成时，多用于疑问句或表示最高级的从句中。 在否定句中一般用never（从来没有，从来不）来代替not ever。 Have you ever visited the Great Wall?你游览过长城吗? This is the best sweater that I have ever seen.这是我迄今见过的最好的运动衫。yet adv.“已经”。与现在完成时连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，通常置于句末。也可与not连用，用于简略回答中，意为“还没有”。 Has tlle train started yet?火车已经开了吗? I havent finished my homework yet.我还没完成家庭作业呢。 sill adv：至今还，现在仍然。常用于肯定句中。 Tom is still here.汤姆还在这儿。 (2) amusement n.娱乐，消遣，乐趣，娱乐活动 To everyones amusement，the actor fell off the stage. 使大家好笑的是，演员从舞台上掉了下来。 There are lots of amusements in a big cityplays，moving pictures and so on. 大城市有许多娱乐活动戏剧、电影等。 【注】amuse vt.给娱乐，amusing asj.娱乐的 (3) 辨析：have been to+sp.，have gone to+sp.与have been in+sp. have been tosp.，表示去过某处，现在已经回来了，不在那里了。，后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。 We have been to Qlngdao many times.我们去过青岛。 have gone tosp.，表示到某处去了，现在还没有回来。可能在那里或在去的途中。They have gone to Sydney.他们去悉尼了。（现在在悉尼或在途中） have been insp.，表示在某处呆过多长时间, 常与时间段状语连用。 How long have you been in China?你在中国住了多长时间?中考真题( )1. - Im looking for Mr White.- He was here just now. But he_to a meeting and he wont be back until eleven oclock. （2005厦门）Awas B. will be C. has goneD. has been( )2. -How many times have you been to the Great Wall? -Only once. I _ there last year.（2009厦门）A. wentB. have goneC. have been( )3.-Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary?-Yes. I _there for three days with my parents last month. A. have been B. was C. went( )4.-Have you ever _ Wuzhen and Taohua island? -No, never. But Im going to there this summer.A. wenttoB. gonetoC. been to 2.Have you ever been to a water park?你曾去过水上乐园吗？No，I havent.不，我没有。Neither have I.我也没去过。(1)So do I的用法 该结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意为“也一样”。该结构中的助动词 do 根据前文的情况也可换成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, could 等。如： He passed the exam, and so did I. They have been to the zoo yesterday. So have we. 他们昨天去了动物园，我们也去了。但是如果前面所述情况为否定式，则用neither, nor引出倒装句(此时不能用so)。如：He couldnt do it, and neither could she. 他做不了这事，她也做不了。He never comes late. Nor do I. 他从不迟到，我也从不迟到。(2)So I do的用法 该结构主要用于加强语气，其意为“的确如此、确实如此”，表示后者赞同前者的话或意见，只是进一步强调并重复前句所述的内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。该结构中的助动词 do 根据前文的情况也可换成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, could 等。如： He has done a good job. 他干得不错。 So he has. 他的确干得不错。He will speak at the meeting tomorrow. 他明天将在会上发言。So he will. 确实如此。He went to see his friend yesterday. 他昨天去看朋友了。 So he did. 的确如此。Neither （Nor）+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语，表示“也没有”。例如：I havent been to Sanya before.我以前没去过三亚。Neither has Tom./Nor has Tom.汤姆也没去过。They cant swim.他们不会游泳。Neither can I.我也不会。中考真题( )1. Will you go shopping tonight?If you go, _. A. so do IB. so will IC. so I goD. that Ill go ( )2. Your sister works very hard, and _.A. so you areB. so you doC. so are youD. so do you( )3. Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday? If I dont go, _. A. so does heB. so he will C. neither will he D. neither does he ( )4. Last Sunday Fred went to Anns birthday party. _. And _. A. So did he, so did I B. So he did, so I didC. So did he, so I did D. So he did, so did I( )5. I have never visited a paper factory. _. A. So have IB. So I haveC. Neither have ID. I havent nor3. And you can see Disney characters walking around Disneyland all the time!see“看见”，属于感官动词，后面通常接宾语，再接宾语补足语，有以下三种情况： see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，表示补足语的动作正在进行，用现在分词。 When I came into the room，I saw Lily drawing a picture. 我走进房间时看见莉莉在画画。 see sb.do sth.“看见某人做过某事”，补足语的动作已经完成，动词用省略to的不定式形式。 I saw Lin Tao enter the office.我看见林涛进了办公室。 see sb.sth. done“看见某人物被”，过去分词表示动作与宾语之间有被动关系。 I saw that woman taken to the hospital by the man. 我看见那个妇女被那个男人送进了医院。4.This means that you can find Disney characters all over the roller coaster. 这就意味着你会在旱冰场上到处看见迪斯尼知名人物。 Mean “意味着”，表示一个人的言论或行为、某一标志或词语的意思所指。其后常接名词或宾语从句。 What do you mean?你（的话）是什么意思? You mean that you cant come tomorrow.你意思是说你明天不能来了。 意欲，打算 I mean to go next Monday.我打算下星期一走。 She said Tuesday，but she meant Thursday.她说星期二，可她心里想的是星期四。 What dodoes.mean by?What doesmean?是什么意思? 其中by后跟名词、代词或v.ing形式。 What do you mean by dao?What does dao mean?请问岛是什么意思? What do you mean by doing that?你这么做是什么意思?5. 感叹句：What + 名词短语+主语+谓语！此情况下主、谓常可省略。What lazy boys (they are)! What hard work (it is)! What good news (it is)! What a good idea! What bad weather (it is)! What clever girls (you are)! How +形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How hard the work is! How fast he runs! How carefully they are listening! How bad the weather is!6. Two people are waiting to cross the busy street.句中的cross 意为“横穿、横过、越过”，用作动词，其介词形式是across。若表示“通过（纵向，内部）”，则用介词through。 （1）Be careful when you _the street. （2）You can go in or out _ the door. （3）He likes to see the buses and the cars go _ the road. （4）Turn left and walk _ the bridge. （5）He is the youngest to swim _ the river. （6）Lets go _ the park. A. cross B. across C. through 7. Friends like you make it easier to get along in a new place. 有你这样的朋友使我在异地的相处变得容易多了。 （1）make it 形容词不定式，意思是“使得做某事变得”Reading aloud makes it easier to learn English. The bad weather makes it hard to finish the work on time. 恶劣的天气使得按时完成工作有了难度。 （2）get along 意为“相处”，get along (well) with sb. 意为“和某人（友好）相处”，相当于“get on (well) with sb.”。 What should I do to get along well with my classmates? How do you get along with your parents?8.分数表达：n 二分之一: half a / an 或a half. 如：half an hour = a half hour半小时 Its half past seven.(省略冠词)n 以下情况中，分子(基数词)若超过一，分母(序数词)需加s： 三分之一: a / one third 三分之二: two thirds 四分之一: a / one fourth 或a / one quarter 14 四分之三: three fourths或three quarters. 五分之一: a / one fifth 五分之二: two fifths 其它类推。n 若分数所在of短语作主语，谓语依of后的名词而定： A third of the boys have passed the test. A third of the work has been over. Two fifths of the students are on time. Two fifths of the land is polluted. (of后是可数名词复数时，谓语用复数；of后是不可数名词时，谓语用单数。) 9.And I forgot my umbrella.而我忘了带雨伞。n forget vt.“忘，忘记”。其反义词是remember。forget有forget sth.（忘记某物），I forgot my bag.我忘了带书包。forget to do sth.（忘记做某事）, He forgot to close the window.他忘了关窗户。forget doing sth.（忘记做过某事） , I forgot meeting him in Beijing.我忘记曾在北京见过他。 辨析：forget与leave 两词都有“忘了”之意，如有地点状语时，用leave而不用forget。 He left his pen on the desk.他把钢笔落在桌子上了。10.Do you think itll stop by noon?你认为到中午时雨会停吗? stop vt.使停止 Stop a bus.使公共汽车停下来。 Rain stopped the game.雨使得比赛停了下来。 n.停止，停车处 The train goes through without a stop.火车中途不停。 Where is the bus stop?汽车站在哪儿? 辨析：stop doing与stop to do stop doing停止做某事（doing作宾语），stop to do停下来去做某事（to do表示停下来的目的，作状语） We stopped talking.我们停止说话。 We stopped to talk.我们停下来说话。 by prep.不迟于，到，靠，用，相差，在旁边 By this time tomorrow Ill have finished the work.到明天这个时候，我将已把这项工作完成了。 I go to work by bus every day.我每天乘公共汽车去上班。 We missed the train by ten minutes.我们晚了十分钟没赶上火车。 The old woman lived by a small river.那位老太太就住在河边。【拓展】（all） by oneself独自by the way顺便问一下 11.Two people alone in an elevator.两个在电梯里的人。(1)alone adj.“单独的，独一无二的”，只作表语。 Tom was alone at home.汤姆一个人在家里。 adv.单独地，独自 He came alone.他一个人来的。 辨析：alone与lonely alone表示“单独，独自一个人”，不含感情色彩。 I live alone，but I dont feel lonely.我独自住着，却不感到孤独。 lonely指人孤独寂寞，指地方荒芜，人烟稀少，有浓厚的伤感色彩，可作定语或表语。 a lonely village孤寂的村庄 The tigers in cages feel lonely.笼子里的老虎感到很孤独。Z 重点语法：反意疑问句 （一） 定义与结构反意疑问句是对陈述句所叙述的事实提出看法，问对方同不同意。它的结构由两部分组成：陈述句简短问句。在回答反意疑问句的问题时，回答应根据事实，如果是肯定回答就是主语+肯定，否定就是主语+否定；再根据前后yes加肯定，no加否定。例如：This isnt yours，is it? 这不是你的，是吗？ Yes，it is.不，是我的。 No，it isnt. 对，不是我的。(二)、简单句式结构中反意疑问句的运用 1、当陈述句部分的主语是名词时，反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。 Your brother has gone to the library, hasnt he? 你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗？ 2、当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时，反意疑问句的主语用it代替；指示代词是these, those时，反意疑问句的主语用they代替。 That isnt a useful book, is it? 那不是一本有用的书，是吗？ These are important reading materials, arent they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料，是吗？ 3、当陈述句部分是I am时，反意疑问句部分通常要用arent I；如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。 Im late for the meeting, arent I? 我开会迟到了，是吗？Im not doing well, am I? 4、当陈述部分是everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。 Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外时，没人来过，是吗？ Everything has gone wrong today, hasnt it? 今天什么都出问题了，是不是？ 5、当陈述部分是“there be + 主语 + 其它”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not) + there”结构。 There are some bananas in the basket, arent there? 篮子里有些香蕉，是吗？ 6、祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除了Lets 开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we 之外，其余一律用will you ，在这里并非表示疑问，而是进一步叮咛嘱托。只不过shall you 也包括说话人在内。 注意：“(Dont)+动词原形+其他”这样的祈使句无论否定还是肯定，反意疑问句的疑问部分都用“will you”。Open the door. Open the door, will you?Dont talk in class. Dont talk in class, will you? Lets do 和Let us doLets（包含对方，所以后部分用shall we?）Let us（不包含对方,所以后部分用 will you?）如：Lets play football, shall we? 这句话的含义是说话者邀请听话人和他一起去踢足球，所以后部分用人称代词we。Let us play football, will you? 这句话的含义是说话者请求听话人允许他去踢足球，所以后部分用人称代词you。7、当陈述部分是 “had better +动词原形（最好做某事）时，疑问部分用“ had hadnt +主语” Youd better go to school now, hadnt you ？ 你最好现在就去学校，好吗？8、有时候前面的陈述部分看似陈述形式，但其中含有seldom（不常）、hardly（几乎不）、nobody（没人）、nothing（没有什么）、never（从不）、none（一个也没有）、neither(两者都不)、few（几乎没有）、little（几乎没有）等表示否定意义的词，此时要把陈述部分看成否定，其后的附加疑问句要用肯定形式。注意：某些句子里含有dis-或者un-这样表示否定意义的前缀的复合词(如dislike和unusual)，还是要把它看成肯定句。He is never late for school, is he?He can hardly believe you, can he?There is nothing new in todays newspaper, is there?It seldom rains here in spring, does it?It is very unusual, isnt it?9、感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。 What a foolish child (he is), isnt he? 多傻的孩子啊，不是吗？ 10、反意疑问句用于主从复合句结构中时，要注意以下情况 1.)一般情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。 This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isnt it? 这是他第二次去日本，是吗？ 2.)在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等) + 宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。 I dont think you have heard of him before, have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗？ 注：当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。 Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesnt she? 玛丽认为你将来参加晚会，是吗？11must作必须讲，后部分用must或者need；must not作禁止讲，后部分用may。We must keep quiet in the library, mustnt/neednt we?They must not park their cars here, may they?（三） 反意疑问句的回答 “ 根据事实回答” 对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。 -He likes playing football, doesnt he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？-Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 是的。/ 不是。 -His sister didnt attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？ -Yes, she did. / No, she didnt. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。 当堂练 1.Lend me your bike, ?2.Lets have a walk, ?3.Let us do it by ourselves, ?4.She never said she would go there, ?5.I dont think they can finish the work, ?6.Nobody called on me, ?7.There wont be any trouble, ?8.Nothing can stop us now, ?9.He seldom goes home, ?10.We had to take the first train, _?11.They must be hungry, _?12.What beautiful weather, _?13.I dont believe she knows it, _?14.He failed in the exam, _?15.John said nobody was fit for the job, _?units9-10综合测试一、单项选择中考链接 （ ）1. -Doyouthinkwellneedacoffeepot? -Idontdrinkcoffee,and_.Itsnotnecessary.Whynotateaservice? (08滨州) A.neitheryoudo B.neitherdoyouC.soyoudoD.sodoyou （ ）2.-Whendidyoubuythe CDs?-I_themfortwodays. (07贵阳) A.had B.haveboughtC.havehad （ ）3.Ioversleptthismorning._myfather_mymotherwokemeupontime. (07青岛) A.Either,or B. both,andC.Neither,norD.Notonly,butalso （ ）4. Thepopulationofourcityisbecoming_. (07内蒙古) A.largerandlarger B.moreandmore C.fewerandfewer D.lessandless （ ）5.Jimmysparentsareteachers._ofthemteachesChinese,theybothteachFrench. .(07兰州) A.NeitherB.EitherC.AllD.Both （ ）6. Iprefer_asmallgiftthathassomethoughtbehinditratherthan_somemoney. (07青岛) A.toreceive,togetting Breceiving,getting C.toreceive,get D.receiving,get （ ）7.Ifyou_himtomorrow,askhimifhe_toourpartynextweek. A.see,comes B.willsee,comes C.willsee,willcome D.see,willcome （ ）8.He_upearly.Butnowhedoesntgetupearly. A.isusedget B.usedtoget C.wasusedtoget D.usedgetting （ ）9.Theoldmanhadtodoalltheworkhimself,_? (07青岛) A.didhe, B.hadheC.didntheD.hadnthe （ ）10.-Yoursisterisntanurse,isshe? (07济南) -_,sheteachesEnglishinamiddleschool. A.No,sheisnt B.Yes,sheisC.Yes,sheisntD.No,she二、句型转换完成句子 1Hesalreadycleanedtheclassroom（变一般疑问句） _he_theclassroom_? 2Hisfathercanhardlywriteorread,_?（反意疑问句） 3Thebagmustbeyours,_?（反意疑问句） 4MyfamilyhavebeentoQingdaoalotoftimes. _yourfamilybeentoQingdao? 4(07兰州)NotonlyTombutalsoBobhasbeentothatisland. (同义句转换) _TomandBob_beentothatisland.5这件外套你买了多长时间了？ _haveyou_thecoat? 6这家工厂已经开业两年了。 Thefactory_fortwoyears 7学生们应当学会怎样与他人相处 Studentsshouldlearnhow_well_others. 8尽管迪斯尼巡游走的是不同路线，但都在同一个地点结束。_DisneyCruises_differentroads,theyall_thesameplace.三 词汇填空A) 根据句意及括号内的汉语提示，用正确的单 词填空。1. She set the bird _(自由的) from the cage.2. Tom had great difficulty in learning English _(语法).3. My brother came into my bedroom directly, for the door was wide _(开着的).4. I had a good time at my friends birthday party. It is very difficult to _(描述) my joy in words.5. Mrs Lee has much _(经验) of teachingEnglish.B) 根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6. Most of the students in our class come from the _(south) part of China.7. My bike _(repair) by my father last Sunday.8. Only after you lose your health will you realize its _(important).9. Beijing is the political, economic and _ (culture) center of China.10. Jackie Chan is a _(success) actor in the world.C) 根据对话内容，从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空，使对话内容完整正确。improve abroad on my own used to in allA: Hello, Mary. I havent seen you for a long time. What did you do during the summer vacation?B: Hi, Tom. I (11)_ stay at home during vacation, but this time I went to travel.A: Really? Where did you go?B: I went to Beijing and visited seven places of interest (12)_.A: Who did you go there with, your parents?B: No, I went there (13)_. By the way, what did you do?A: I traveled to America.B: How wonderful! You mean you went (14)_?A: Yes, I wanted to (15)_ my English.B: I think Ill go to an English-speaking country next year.四、完型填空Mr Smith looked at his watch at times. He _1_ to go home as soon as possible. There would be a 2 football match in London and he could not do anything in his office. He 3 home after work. Supper was ready and he went to his 4 after that. But he could not fall asleep. He was a