教参 付丹枫unit8 (最新).doc

Unit 8 Pregnancy ComplicationsTeaching Objectives：(1) Identify bleeding complications of early and late pregnancy.(2) List the warning signs of complications following a spontaneous abortion.(3) Discuss the nursing response to pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.(4) Summarize the management of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).(5) Discuss the nursing care for patients experiencing an ectopic pregnancy.Keys to Warming-upAsk students observe the four pictures and discuss with their partners.Brain storm:pregnant husband book preparation ultrasound fetus image operation doctor anesthetic risk complications e.g. From the pictures we can learn something about pregnancy. Pregnancy is a very large project; it needs husbands help and care. It also needs careful checking in hospital, such as the ultrasound wave. That can help doctors to check the healthy states of the fetus. When the normal labor is impossible, the pregnant should have an operation.1. World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists 2. There are many maternity hospitals in local areas, and pregnant can get good care in the these professional hospitals;3. Pregnancy complications include miscarriage, gestational hypertension, ectopic pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus,ect.4. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, frequent pee, and so on.Part One Dialogue医生：出了什么问题?病人：阴道出血已经两天了，而且伴随着下腹部疼痛。医生：出血量是多少？最后一次例假是什么时候？病人：我错过了两次例假，最后一次例假是4月4号。医生：你的月经正常吗？病人：现在正常了，但是结婚之前是不规律的。医生：你能给我一些尿液做怀孕检查吗？病人：好的。医生：怀孕检测呈阳性，疼痛的位置和情况是怎样的？病人：疼痛的位置在下腹部的正中心，疼痛持续的时候会伴随着阴道出血。医生：你怀孕了，但是面临着流产的危险。除了吃饭和去卫生间你都应该卧床休息。病人：我应该吃些药吗？医生：我会给你一些注射和口服的药物。病人：好的，我会按照你说的去做。医生：要是出血量严重增多你应该立刻去急诊室，一周之后再来检查。Part Two Passage Pregnancy ComplicationsPre-reading Questions1. What do you think pregnancy in a womans life?Answer: Pregnancy is one of the most profound times in a womans life. It is marked by a variety of physical changes, as well as by thoughts and feelings that sometimes overwhelm the mother-to-be. Though pregnancy is generally a time of joy and well-being, complications can occur and put the patient and her unborn child at risk.2. What are the pregnancy complications?Answer: These complications include hyperemesis gravidum, spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)，ectopic pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-related hypertension, etc. 3. What is the responsibility of a perinatal nurse?Nurses play a special role in ensuring the safety of the patient and her unborn child during all phases of pregnancy and delivery. They must be knowledgeable about complications that can occur during pregnancy and ready to act on behalf of the patient and her child.Pregnancy Complications孕期并发症课文翻译：课前预习问题：1. 怀孕在女性一生中意味着什么？2. 孕期并发症都有哪些？3.围产期护士的职责是什么？怀孕是一个女性一生当中最意义深远的时期。它有着一系列的身体的变化，同时有思想和感情的变化，有时甚至会彻底改变一个准妈妈。虽然怀孕通常是一个快乐和幸福的时刻，但是并发症的发生会使这个过程乌云密布，并且使病人和未出生的孩子造成风险。这些并发症包括妊娠剧吐，自然流产，子宫外孕，孕期高血压，孕期糖尿病等等。恶心和呕吐通常发生在妊娠期。 恶心和呕吐持续在孕期20周以上，它会影响食物和体液的摄入，以及影响孕期正常体重的增加，这种情况被称作妊娠剧吐。引起剧吐的原因是未知的，但是激素水平的提高，放松平滑肌造成胃排空延迟，以及压力都是引起这种不适的重要因素。流产指妊娠期胎儿具有生存能力之前终止妊娠。胎儿的生存能力通常被定义在孕期大于20周或者胎儿大于500克。流产可以是自发的或者诱发的。自然流产通常是指没有病人或其他人干预的自发性流产。宫外孕指受精卵在子宫体腔以外的着床发育。几乎所有的异位妊娠都发生在输卵管，有时又被称为输卵管妊娠。输卵管不适合一个胚胎的生长，所以受精卵不能正常发育，必须要进行处理。宫外孕的发病率是50分之一。妊娠糖尿病发生在怀孕过程中，通常表现为孕妇对体内的葡萄糖表现的无能为力。妊娠糖尿病在病人分娩之后都会康复了。然而，有过孕期糖尿病的患者在以后的人生中也有可能再次患上糖尿病。妊娠糖尿病的原因在很大程度上是未知的，然后随着胎儿的生长，孕妇对葡萄糖的需求增加。妊娠高血压由于怀孕诱发的高血压，是指妊娠期首次发生高血压。妊娠高血压的诊断是血压大于或者等于140/90毫米汞柱。两次血压诊断应该相隔4到6小时。诊断是在怀孕20周之后，在产后12周恢复到正常的血压。护士在患者妊娠和分娩的各个阶段都发挥着重要的作用，确保病人和未出生的胎儿安全。她们必须了解怀孕期间可能发生的并发症，并且时刻准备为维护患者和她的孩子的健康而行动。这是围产期护士的责任和目标。大多数医院和分娩中心指导护士照顾在孕期发生并发症的患者，并且护士也应当遵循卫生机构的建议。 Words Study：1. pregnancy prgnnsi n. the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus怀孕；丰富，多产； e.g. It would be wiser to cut out all alcohol during pregnancy. 怀孕期间最好完全戒酒。2. complication ,kmplkenn. any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another disease 并发症；复杂；复杂化；混乱e.g. Blindness is a common complication of diabetes. 失明是糖尿病常有的一种并发症。There are too many complications to explain now. 现在有太多使情况复杂化的因素要解释。3. overwhelm vwelm vt. 淹没；压倒；受打击；覆盖；压垮e.g. But the various pros and cons should not blindly overwhelm one another. 但是，众多的利弊得失不应盲目的一个压倒另一个。We try not to think about it because it would overwhelm us to an extent that we would just vegetate. 我们尽量不去想它，因为在某种我们能够想像到的程度上他会压倒我们。4. .fluid fludadj. subject to change; variable 流动的；流畅的；不固定的e.g. The blood vessels may leak fluid, which distorts vision. 血管可能渗漏出液体，扰乱视觉。Make sure that you drink plenty of fluids. 一定要饮用大量流质。His painting became less illustrational and more fluid. 他的画变得更为流畅，没那么生硬了。5. ectopic ktpkadj. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when an embryo develops outside a womans uterus, for example in one of her fallopian tubes. 异位(妊娠)的 e.g. An ectopic pregnancy is any pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus.异位妊娠是发生在子宫外的一种妊娠。6. occur k vi. 发生；出现；存在e.g. I dont want such a thing to occur again.我不希望再发生这样的事情。Fish doesnt occur in the river.这条河现在已经没有鱼了Disputes occasionally occurred between us.我们之间偶尔也会有一番争论7. viability ,vabltin. (of living things) capable of normal growth and development 生存能力，发育能力；可行性e.g. It evaluates the basic viability of the project.它估计了项目的基本生存能力。However, its viability and effectiveness still have to be established.然而，它的有效性和可行性尚有待验证。8. induce ndjus vt. 诱导；引起；e.g. These attractions induce people to travel in that country.这些诱人之处吸引人们到那个国家去旅游。Doctors said surgery could induce a heart attack. 医生们说手术可能导致心脏病。9. attach tt vt. 使依附；贴上；e.g. With the skin gone, to what can the hair attach itself? 皮之不存， 毛将焉附? You can attach files, sounds, and images to messages like you can with e-mails. 您可以将文件、声音和图像像附加到电子邮件一样附加到消息。10. tolerate tlret vt. 忍受；默许；宽恕e.g. We cant tolerate his mistakes. 我们不能容忍他的错误。 I cant tolerate that rude fellow. 我不能容忍那个粗鲁的家伙。The ability to tolerate pain varies from person to person. 对疼痛的忍受力因人而异。Exercises: I. Read the passage and decide if the following statements “Right” or “Wrong”? If you can not find enough information to make a choice, choose “Not mentioned”. 1. Pregnancy is a complicated period in a womans life. A. Right B. WrongC. Not Mentioned2. Nausea and vomiting interferes with the intake of food and fluid. A. Right B. WrongC. Not Mentioned3. Ectopic pregnancies sometimes called tubal pregnancies. A. Right B. WrongC. Not Mentioned4. Vaginal bleeding is the symptom of ectopic pregnancy. A. Right B. WrongC. Not Mentioned5. Miscarriage occurs without interventions from outside. A. Right B. WrongC. Not Mentioned6. Because of his mothers depression the fetus decreases its movements. A. Right B. WrongC. Not Mentioned7. Gestational diabetes often happens among the older pregnancies.A. Right B. WrongC. Not Mentioned8. Glucose demands increase for the pregnant patient as the fetus grows. A. Right B. WrongC. Not Mentioned9. Every pregnancy would have complications during gestation.A. Right B. WrongC. Not Mentioned10. The gestational hypertension always happens during the last three months during pregnancy. A. Right B. WrongC. Not Mentioned aaacacabbcII. Match the medical orders in column A with the expressions in column B:A B1. downs syndrome a.妊娠高血压2. gestational hypertension b.分娩3. Deliver c.阴道炎 4. Uterine fibroids d.助产术5. Vaginitis e.子宫肌瘤6. SIDS f.遗传筛查7. Neonatal medicine g.剖宫产8. Midwifery h.婴儿猝死综合征9. Genetic screeening i.唐氏综合征10. Caesarean section j.新生儿医学1. i; 2. a; 3. b; 4. e; 5. c; 6. h; 7. j; 8. d; 9. f; 10. gIII. Choose the appropriate word to finish the blanks, and change the form where necessary.ectopic overwhelm vomit tolerate attach complication intake deliver occur elevate1. Reading good books _can_elevate_ones mind. 阅读好书可以提高人的心灵休养。2. The ability to tolerate pain varies from person to person.对疼痛的忍受力因人而异。3. The smell made her want to_vomit_. 这种气味让她想呕吐。4. An _ectopic_pregnancy wouldneedemergencysurgery.子宫外孕需要急诊手术。5. We attach labels to things before we file them away. 我们在把东西归档前先给它们贴上标签。6 You should try to limit your _intake_ of caffeine and alcohol during pregnancy. 你应该尽量在怀孕期间尽量控制咖啡因和酒精的摄入。7. Clinicians should be aware of such complication.临床医生应该意识到这样的并发症。8. Frosts often occur in November.11月份经常出现霜冻。9. Her husband had to _deliver_ the baby himself. 她的丈夫不得不自己接生婴儿。10. We overwhelmed the enemy by superior forces. 我们以优势兵力压倒敌人。IIIPut the following sentences into English. 1. 虽然你生病了不能和我们在一起，但是我们会想念你的。(though/ although) Although you are ill and cant be with us, we will miss you very much.2. 你的疾病限制你的咖啡因和酒精的摄入量。（intake）Your illness limits your intake of caffeine and alcohol.3. 我决定每年至少要到医院体检一次。(decide to )I decided to have the hospital check-up at least once a year.4. 这个医院附属附近的那所医学院。(attach to )This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.5. 护士在确保病人和她腹中的胎儿在怀孕和分娩的各个阶段的安全发挥了特殊的作用。(play a role )Nurses play a special role in ensuring the safety of the patient and her unborn child during all phases of pregnancy and delivery. Part Three Career - oriented Expand TrainingTask 1 ListeningListen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the words you hear: The nurse caring for a patient experiencing spontaneous abortion will also need to help the patient explore her feelings regarding an actual or potential loss. Many patients feel that their actions somehow led to the spontaneous abortion; therefore, feelings of guilt are often significant emotional challenges that many patients must deal with while suffering their loss.Similarly, patients who suffer from a threatened abortion and do not lose the fetus are often afraid that they may still lose the fetus and remain stressed throughout the remainder of the pregnancy. This affects not only the patient but also her family, and the nurse should do everything possible to help the patient and her family during this time.Task 2 SpeakingRead the dialogue on pregnancy and then do a role-play.Tom：I have good news!May：You look happy! Whats the good news?Tom：My wife is pregnant. Ive been feeling really happy thinking about it these last two days.May：Congratulations! Youre going to be a father.Tom：But I wont be as free as I am now.May：Of course. Your responsibilities and obligations will increase. You should take care of her very well. Does she has any discomfortable?Tom: Yes, she always cant eat well in the morning and omit sometimes.May: Thats normal, many pregnancies have such symptoms. She should avoid oily and eat more light food and fruits. That can relieve her vomiting.Tom: Thank you. You can give me some suggestions and I will try my best to do.May: Yes, I will. I think you are a good husband and would be a good father in the future.Tom: Thanks for your praise.May: Please say hello for me to your wife!Tom: Thank you! Ill express your greeting to her!May: OK, see you later!Tom: See you!Suppose you are a nurse in hospital, make dialogues to take care of a pregnant1. Doctors advice to a Patient (Hyperemesis gravidarum）2. Doctors advice to a Patient (Miscarriage)3. Doctors advice to a Patient (Ectopic pregnancy)4. Doctors advice to a Patient (Gestational hypertension)Example :P: Im suffering from nausea and vomiting. I cant take any food or even water, especially in the morning.N: Are you trying to eat? P: I try to eat, but I immediately throw up. N: If you want to be relived, try to eat something that can be easily digested, in small amounts, and intermittently.P: I feel like vomiting even when I smell food.N: In that case, the food should be cold, not greasy. N: Its always worse in the morning; therefore, you should have some snacks ready so you can take a bit if you wake up at night.Task 3 WritingDirections: The following is some information concerning a patient. Write a report of the case and give your nursing care goals to each problem. (within 130 words)Bed Number: 32, Sex: female, Age: 42, Chief compliant: she was found “myoma of uterus”(子宫肌瘤) over two years ago and menometrorrhagia(月经过多)for 5 months. The cycle of her catamenia(月经) was shorten from 30 days to 20 days and the period lasted from 2 days to 4 days. Medical diagnosis: subserous hysteromyoma (浆膜下子宫肌瘤) Sample answer:The patient on bed 32 is Ms Ruan. She was diagnosed subserous myoma of uterus. According to the nursing assement, the patient has two major problems. The one is menometrorrhagia and the other is the cycle of her catamenia was abnormal.For the two problems, the patient should avoid too much housework and have enough rest. Keeping a good mood is very important for woman, many disease are connected with the emotion. Try to help the patient to adjust her mood during the treatment and inform the patient sho