自用农业专业词汇表.doc

栽培土地面积，英亩数 acreage under crops高山带 alpine zone穴播 clump；dibble seeding作物生长停滞 crop logging茬口安排 cropping arrangement收割期 date of harvesting成苗期 date of lifting成熟期 date of maturity间苗期 date of thinning无霜日 day without frost移植 deplantation齐苗，幼苗出齐 established stand定植establishing黄化苗 etiolated seedling黄化（现象），褪绿病etiolation缺苗 fail place实地试验 field test催芽 forced sprouting收割，收获 harvesting后期倒伏 late lodging耐光照 light-fast耐光性 light fastness沟播 lister sowing补播，过量播种 over sowing 浸种 plant soaking water-soaked seed催芽 pregermination前茬作物，前作物 preplant垄作，畦作 ridge culture静止期，休眠 quiescence重播，补播 reseeding作垄 ridge building播种量 quantity of seeding株距 space in row间隔，间距 spacing双行条播 twin-row drilling双株穴 two-plant hill二次收获 two-stage harvest密度不足，过疏 undercrowding行距width of interrow耕作层 worked soil 休眠期 wandernymph stage畦宽 width of bed 高地，高原upland抽穗期 period of heading 出苗 emerge出苗后 posttemergence出苗前 pre-emergence促进成熟 hastened maturity催芽 forced sprouting； hastening germination点播 dibbling；precision sowing 定植苗龄 planting-stock age高产作物 heave crop行间 interrow行距 distance between hedges ;distance between rows ;drilling distance ;interrow distance ;width of interrow开花期 anthesis ;efflorescence ;inflorescence枯萎 damping off密植 close planting ;compact crop ;compact planting ;condensed planting ;dense planting overstocked planting畦宽 width of bed湿度控制 moisture content control收获 harvesting条播 line drilling seeding ;regular drilling土地肥力 fertility温带 warm zone休眠期 hypopial stage ;wandernymph stage休眠种子 dormant seed ;latent seed穴播 clamp planting ;clump ;dibble seeding ;hill seeding种植 hacienda株高 plant height株距 distance between hills ;distance between plants ;drilling distance ;dropping distance ;individual spacing ;interplant space ;space between plant ;space in row栽培 cultivation ;cuture ;rearing栽培技术 cultural practice蔬菜栽培 vegetable culture茬口安排 Crops arrangements育种败育花粉 aborted pollen缩短育种年代，加速世代进程 acceleration of generation advancementA系，雄性不育 A-line异花授粉 allogamy雄性两性异株 androdioecy育种小区 breeding plot无性繁殖 cloned propagation亲和花粉 compatible pollen亲和性品种 compatible race杂交育种（法） crossbreeding异花受精 cross-fertilization异花授粉 cross-pollination去雄 detasselling去雄授粉 detasselling and pollination雌花雄花两性花同株 dimonoecious雌雄异株的 dioecious天然自花授粉 direct self-pollination抽穗 earing早熟型 earliness采种，制种 egg raising原种圃 elite field原种elite stock seed杂交后代 filial generation夏型 forma aestivalis早熟品种 forward crop冬型 forma hiemalis 秋型 forma autumnalis杂交育种（法） hybridization杂种优势 hybrid vigor同种源抗体 homologous antibody杂种优势 heterosis优良品种 good stock移植体；嫁接 graft雌性品系 gynoecial chamber全雌花性gynoecism雌花两性花同株的gynomonoecious雌花两性花同株 gynomonoecy单倍体，仅有一组染色体细胞 haploid耐寒作物 hardy crop 春化作用 iarovization晚熟作物 late crop迟抽薹 late shooting 藜科蔬菜 goosefoot vegetable提高耐旱能力 improving hardening off单株选种 individual plant selection晚熟性 late maturity小叶型 microphyll type雄花 male flower混合育种 mass breeding单性杂交 monohybrid cross繁殖 multiplication自然杂交 natural crossing亲本 parent早熟的，早开花的 precocious优势种 prevailing species繁殖 procreation早衰 premature senescence长日照植物 long-day plant 中晚熟品种 middle-late variety两性花 monoclinian登记品种 registered variety抗性育种 resistance breeding抗性品种 resistant strain范例，标本，样品，样本，待试验物 specimen三倍体 triplont品种性 varietalness品种退化 variety degeneration有生命力种子 viable seed姊妹种 vicariant采种 egg raising成熟期 date of maturity虫媒授粉法 caprification雌花两性花同株 gynomonoecy雌性品系 gynoecious strain雌雄蕊同熟 monochogamy 雌雄蕊异熟 adichogamy簇生 fasciation雌雄同体 telianthus雌雄异体 gonochorism雌雄异株的 dioecious父本植株 paternal plant繁殖 multiplication ;procreation ;propagation繁殖床 propagating bed繁殖季节 covering season单性结实 parthenocarpy光合作用 photosynthesis抗病性 disease resistance黄化 chlorisis ;etiolation ;yellowing黄化现象 etiolation回交育种 backcross breeding混合授粉 mixed pollination ;polycross混合育种 mass breeding两性花 monoclinian品系间杂交 line crop品种复壮 revitalization of species品种间杂交 interbreed ;interstrain crossing ;intervarietal grafting品种退化 variety degeneration亲本 parent亲本系 parental stock亲本原种 parent stock亲本植株 parent plant去雄 detasselling去雄授粉 detasselling and pollination全雌花性 gynoecism三倍体 triplont晚熟作物 late crop未抽薹的 umpoled稳产高产 high and stable yield雄蕊 stamen雄性两性异株 androdioecy孤雌发育 parthenogenetic development昆虫授粉 insect pollination抗性品种 resistant strain抗性育种 resistant breeding样本 specimen样品 specimen移植 bed out ;deplantation ;line out ;naturalization ;planting ;prick out ;transplanting异花受粉 allogamy异花授粉 cross-pollination小孢子 microspore育种 breeding原种 elite stock seed ;foundation seed stock ;registered seed杂交后代 filial generation杂交育种（法） breeding by crossing ;crossbreeding ;hybridization杂种优势 heterosis ;heterotic vigor ; hybrid vigor ;potence早熟的 precocious ；ratheripe中晚熟品种 middle-late variety种源鉴定 determination of provenance禾本科型 gramineous type禾本科植物 gramineous plant经济作物 cash crop ;commercial crop ;industrial crop蔬菜作物 vegetable crop温带作物 temperate zone crop温室作物 glasshouse crop雄性不育 Male sterile自交亲和性 Self-compatibility抗虫性 Insect resistance育种目标 Breeding objectives育种方法 Breeding methods株系 Lines杂交种 Hybrids常规种 Conventional varieties开放授粉 Open pollination转基因技术 Transgenic technology细胞质雄性不育 Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)品种资源 Variety resources分子标记 Molecular markers转基因 Transgenic品种退化 Species degradation提纯退化 Purification degradation种子耐寒性 cold-tolerant发芽力 germinating ability种子混杂度 impurity of seed有害杂草 injurious weed休眠种子 latent seed发芽 germination发芽力 germinability；germinating ability；germinating force；germination power发芽率 germinating force耐病性 disease tolerance耐寒的 cold-tolerance耐寒性 cold endurance ;cold tolerance耐寒作物 hardy crop耐旱性 drought tolerance耐涝品种 water-logging tolerance variety农业生产指数 index number of farm output农作物 field crop ;tillage种子纯度 genuiness of seeds优质种子 quality seed硬实 impermeable seed农艺性状 Agronomic trait配合力 Combining ability抗倒伏性 Lodging resistance发芽率 Germination rate净度 Clarity纯度 Purity水分 Moisture千粒重 Thousand seed weight生长习性 Growth habit积温 Accumulated temperature品质 Quality熟性 Maturity耐抽薹性 Bolting resistance品种性状根须根 fibrous root；root fibril茎 corona侧枝 lateral branch根部 rhizine总状花序 raceme茎，柄 stalk种子 seed萼片 sepal 子叶 seed leaf伞状体，伞形花序 umbel果皮 pericarp果肉 flesh ;pulp花叶 Floral leaf板叶 Board leaves直立型 Erect type / upstanding开展型 Spreading.叶型 Leaf shape病虫害检疫病虫害 quarantine pest 茄子褐斑病 alternaria leaf spot of egg plant萝卜炭疽病 anthracnose of garden radish萝卜黑斑病 alternaria spot and blight of garden radish马铃薯黄斑花叶病 aucuba mosaic of potato细菌性软腐病 bacterial slimy soft rot辣椒疮痂性细菌病 bacterial spot of red pepper细菌性条斑病 bacterial striped黑腐病 black rot胡萝卜黑腐病 black rot of carrot猝倒病 damping-off猝倒症 cataplexis菠菜褐斑病 cercospora leaf spot of spinach黄化，缺绿病 chlorisis根肿病 clubroot玉米细菌性条斑病 corn bacterial stripe甘蓝菌核病 cottony rot of cabbage大豆斑点病 frog eye of soybean玉米穗腐病 gibberella zeaze petch of maize茄子灰霉病 grey mould of egg plant莴苣灰霉病grey mould of lettuce甜瓜白粉病 melon powdery mildew番茄褐斑病 nail head spot of tomato茄子黑枯病 fruit rot of egg plant叶斑病 leaf spot大豆斑点病 frog eye of soybean大豆褐斑病 brown leaf spot of soybean 赤霉素 gibberellin除草剂，除莠剂 weed killer白粉病 powdery mildew立枯病 web blight粉虱 whitefly番茄褐斑病 nail head spot of tomato番茄黑腐病 black spot of tomato番茄萎凋病 fusarium wilt of tomato胡萝卜黑斑病 black rot of carrot立枯病 web blight猝倒病 cataplexis甘蓝黑斑病 black spot of cabbage甘蓝菌核病 cottony rot of cabbage茄子褐斑病 alternaria leaf spot of egg plant茄子灰霉病 grey mould of eggplant甜瓜白粉病 melon powdery mildew莴苣灰霉病 grey mould of lettuce细菌性黑斑病 bacterial black rot细菌性软腐病 bacterial slimy soft rot细菌性条斑病 bacterial stripe细菌疫苗 bacterial vaccine叶斑病 leaf spot叶霉病 leaf mould油菜黑斑病 alternation stem rot of colza真菌病 mycosis ;mycotic disease马铃薯黄斑花叶病 aucuba mosaic of potato洋葱白绢病 crown rot of onion作物种类萝卜 radish胡萝卜 carrot茄子 aubergine ;eggplant苦瓜 balsam pear /bitter gourd菜豆 bean黑芥 black mustard辣椒 chilli白菜 Chinese cabbage韭菜 Chinese chive葱 chive胡荽，香菜 coriander莴苣 cos lettuce水芹 cress葫芦 cucurbit黄瓜 cucumber硬质玉米 flint corn 蒜 garlic蒜苗garlic sprout青辣椒 green pepper青菜 green vegetable毛豆 green soybean生菜，莴笋 lettuce豆科作物 leguminous crop西葫芦 marrow辣椒 hot pepper芸豆 k