英语四级主谓一致.doc

1、 none of，neither of ，either of构成的短语作主语的主谓语一致(1) none of 后面若接的是可数名词，谓语动词用单复数都可以，若接的是不可数名词，就用单数形式。例如：None of them are/is aware of the danger.他们中没有人意思到那个危险。None of the money was paid to me.连一分钱也没有付给我。Neither of them is going to give up the chance.他们俩人都不打算放弃个个机会。Either of the students goes to the library every day.两个学生每天都去图书馆。(2) neither of 和either of 构成的短语作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式，但在口语中也可视为复数。例如：Neither of them is /are fond of the arrangement.他们两个都喜欢这种安排。Either of them carries/carry his/their belonging.他们两个都来了随身携带的物品。2、 在“one of +复数名词或代词+定语从句”结构中，分句中的谓语动词用复数形式。当one之前有the only 等词修饰时，分句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：She is one of the few persons I know who have read the book.她是我所知道的读过这本书的少数人之一。He is the only one of the boys that has attended the meeting.他是那些男孩中唯一一位参加过那个会议的人。3、 or，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut（also）等连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数，就用单数；离谓语动词近的主语部分是复数的，就用复数。例如： A technical manual or samples are distributed free at the exhibition.展览会上，技术手册或 样品免费分发。Not only the teacher but also his students object to the change.不但教师反对，学生也反对这一改变。Not only the students but also their teacher objects to the change.不但学生反对，老师也反对这一改变。当主语后面根由with，together with，along with，like，in addition to ，as well as，as much as，rather than，more than ，no less than ，except 等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些短语的影响。例如：Man, no less than the lower forms of life,is the product of the evolution.人类也像其他较低形式的生命一样是进化过程中的产物。The manager as well as his colleagues was present at the meeting.经理和他的几位同事都出席了那次会议。4、 名词性分句作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。例如：That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us .现在他们在这些事情上的错误，对我们大家来说已经很清楚了。Who is responsible for the task doesnt concern me.谁具体负责这项工作与我无关。5、 存在句的主语和谓语动词的主谓一致关系，在多数情况下，取决于代词之后“真实主语”的语法形式。谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。例如：There is a book, two pencils and a pen on the desk.书桌上有一本书，两支铅笔和一支钢笔。There are four chairs and a table in the room.那个房间里有四把椅子和一张桌子。6、 当某些形容词和定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数，当表示物作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The innocent are aften deceived by the unscrupulous.天真的人常为奸诈之徒所欺骗。We can do the difficult first. The impossible takes a little longer. 我们先从难题开始，不会的可能话的时间会长一些。但是，某些形容词同定冠词连用作主语表示个人时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The accused was acquitted.被告获释。7、 “a number (a variety )of +可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。“the number of(数目)和the variety of （种类）等+可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A number of students have seen the film.许多学生已经看过那部电影。There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop.在那个商店，各种各样的商品在出售。The number of the people who know the secret is small.知道这个秘密的人不多。The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising.那个商店的商品品种多得惊人。8、 以-ics 结尾的名称指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词