英语给力考试资料_split_10.pdf

提纲一般为三部分 考生应针对提纲采用三段的结构来开展文章 如 Nowadays China s economy is fast developing People s living standard has improved a lot In some areas however there are still many people living below the poverty line They have difficulties for the very basics like food and clothes let alone getting good education What can we do to help these less developed areas in our country I I I I thinkthinkthinkthink wewewewe cancancancan dodododo thethethethe followingfollowingfollowingfollowing things things things things FirstFirstFirstFirst ofofofof allallallall the government and our society must pay more attention to these less developed areas The government should spend more money on the basic construction projects in these areas instead of spending it on cultural and artistic projects in cities It should also encourage some private enterprises and companies to donate to these poor areas SecondlySecondlySecondlySecondly t t t transportation is very important in less developed areas We should help them build more railways and more roads so that the local people can benefit from the convenient transportation It can also promote their communication with developed areas FinallyFinallyFinallyFinally technology is necessary in developing economy in these areas Poor farmers should be taught technology and new skills and should have easier access to money in the bank such as getting loans to start businesses AllAllAllAll inininin allallallall so long as we continue our efforts to help these less developed areas these areas will shake off poverty sooner or later 再如 Directions Write an article to an English newspaper discussing laid off workers and re employment in China In your article you should 1 describe briefly the present situation of unemployment 2 analyze the causes of it 3 give advice for re employment Youshould write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 范文 范文 There is an increasing number of workers not only the middle aged but also the young who are laid off from their jobs Some laid offs thus become poverty stricken and can hardly support their children to continue their studies And those employed are also worried a great deal that someday they may lose their jobs This phenomenon has caught great attention in society InInInIn orderorderorderorder totototo maintainmaintainmaintainmaintain socialsocialsocialsocial stabilitystabilitystabilitystability manymanymanymany rererere employmentemploymentemploymentemployment serviceserviceserviceservice centerscenterscenterscenters areareareare beingbeingbeingbeing setsetsetset upupupup totototo givegivegivegive thethethethe laidlaidlaidlaid offsoffsoffsoffs a a a a helpinghelpinghelpinghelping hand hand hand hand The increasing number of laid off workers is is is is causedcausedcausedcaused mainlymainlymainlymainly bybybyby the industrial restructuring and economic development across the country In market economy the enterprises have to reduce workforce or the redundant AnotherAnotherAnotherAnother reasonreasonreasonreason is that some enterprises claim bankruptcy owing to their poor management and backward product structure which made millions of workers jobless Laborers from the countryside areareareare alsoalsoalsoalso contributingcontributingcontributingcontributing totototo the increasing numbers of the laid offs Off job doesn t mean no job ThereThereThereThere areareareare plentyplentyplentyplenty ofofofof opportunitiesopportunitiesopportunitiesopportunities for the laid off workers to be re employed TakeTakeTakeTake ShanghaiShanghaiShanghaiShanghai forforforfor exampleexampleexampleexample the city is developing into an international economic center shifting its old labor intensive industries out of the city and replacing them with new enterprises But there is a fundamental requirement for the laid offs if they want to be enrolled in these new posts They must have certain skills To many laid off workers they have to get job training to make themselves qualified and competitive in the human resources market 四 写作四 写作 B B B B 部分的主要写作方法部分的主要写作方法 一一 主题句的写法主题句的写法 1 1 1 1 主题句的特点 主题句的特点 主题句是全段的核心 它由中心词和限定词两部分组成 中心词说明讨论的主题 topic 是什么 限定词是把主题具体化 它限定讨论的内容 范围和展开方式等 例如 The first key factor to success is diligence what which simply means no waste of time 主题限定词限定词 I think you will make the decision according to the following factors how 主题限定词 考生可通过回答 How Why Where What 等问题来把主题具体化 选定限定词 主题 句的展开通常会出现如下问题 1 过于空洞 只给出主题 未指出写作内容和展开方式 如 The relationship is not good 此句可以通过回答 what kind of relationships to what extent 等问题将之具体化 可改为 The relationship between family members is not as close as before 这样主题句限定了关系的范围 文章后面的开展方式 侧重于现在关系的不好 又可以用 对比的方式展开 再如 Clothes play a part in our life 此句没有限定写作的大体内容或方式 是衣服的时尚性 还是实用性 读者不能预测下文的展开方向 通过回答 how 这样的问题 我们可将主 题句具体化 改为 Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are 修改后的句子点出了文章的写作内容 根据服装 可以判断人 2 过于具体 太具体的主题句使段落后面没有展开的余地 如 He thought highly of her and helped her to find jobs of teaching at several institutions 这种叙述性的句子 对事实的陈述过于详尽 不适合做主题句 2 2 2 2 主题句的位置 主题句的位置 1 位于段首 也就是开门见山 把主旨放在段首 使读者对文章内容 结构等有个 把握 在应试中 这是十分行之有效的方法 如 From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age We are immunized from birth against many of the dangerous diseases A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases The expectation of life has increased enormously 段首主题句清晰地点出本段的中心思想 后面从对疾病的免疫 治疗 及对疾病的攻克 三个方面说明健康医疗状况良好 读者只看段首就可抓住段落主旨 2 位于段中 主题句出现在中间 起到承上启下的作用 上文引出背景 下文可以 用于分析 如 Before China s entry into the WTO the common people were optimistic about what access would mean believing that if joining were not beneficial the government would not have spent 15 years negotiating for its entry They were perhaps thinking that when the day came the price of phone calls would be lower and also house rents and that insurance services would be better But they neglect the prospect of unemployment and other domestic crisis Since China joined the WTO some people owing to advanced age and limited experience may find it difficult to keep their work 文章开始铺垫了一个对待入世的积极的期待 而中间的主题句将文风一转 引出主旨 入世带来的消极方面 然后文章从失业开始进一步展开论证 3 位于段末 主题句位于段末 既可以点题 也可以总结上文 给读者留下深刻的 印象 如 Ms Yang aged 50 works as a cleaner in an office building and her annual income is about 20 000 yuan She has signed up for an English language training course the cost of which is much more than her annual income Why English English based success stories have indicated to the Chinese that English means opportunities wealth and prospects 本文先举了杨女士花钱学英语的例子 然后引出问题 为什么要花如此高价学习英语 段末给出结论 点出学习英语的重要性 结尾点题 给人以深刻的印象 二 段落的拓展 二 段落的拓展 1 1 1 1 段落的作用 段落的作用 首先 好的段落要求每段只能有一个主题 围绕一个中心思想展开 与中心不同的观点 或无关的内容都应删去 其次 结构连贯 适当地运用过渡词指明文章内部的逻辑关系 ExampleExampleExampleExample 1 1 1 1 Reforming and opening up have helped the villagers to live a comfortable life 主题句 Before 1983 the village practiced a collective ownership system whereby the villagers picked and baked tea leaves together Life was hard and their income meager so they had no incentive to work hard We got rich after the fields were parceled out to households in 1983 says Sun Jinrong Since then the villagers have tilled their own plots Having learned to follow the laws of the market economy and competition their living standards have greatly improved 段首提出中心论点 改革开放使茶农过上了好日子 后按时间顺序 先描写 1983 年以 前吃大锅饭的情形 又说改革开放后生活水平的提高 前后形成对比 充分说明论点 ExampleExampleExampleExample 2 2 2 2 I I I I holdholdholdhold thethethethe viewviewviewview thatthatthatthat children can play computer games in their spare time andandandand thethethethe reasonsreasonsreasonsreasons areareareare exploredexploredexploredexplored asasasas follows follows follows follows FirstFirstFirstFirst computer games should be played moderately with the control of parents It can help children to relax and improve their efficiency in their studies SecondSecondSecondSecond playing computer games moderately can offer children chances to develop their creativity which is essential for their success in study ThirdThirdThirdThird playing computer games can broaden children s knowledge It is well known that a machine will break down if it keeps running without a stop SimilarlySimilarlySimilarlySimilarly if a child keeps studying without relaxation he will be tired out And if a child spends all this time studying he will become a dull boy in the ivory tower 本段开头点出中心 然后用过渡词指出三个原因 最后加以总结 文章结构一目了然 2 2 2 2 关于段落的写作方法 关于段落的写作方法 1 1 1 1 定义法 定义法 当考生提出的概念或观点很抽象 涉及面广时 考生需要对概念进行解释 限定内容 从而缩小讨论的焦点 如 Ambition is like choler 胆汁 which is a humour that makes men active earnest full of alacrity and stirring if it be not stopped But if it be stopped and cannot have its way it becomes angry and malign So ambitious men if they find the way open for their rising and still get forward they re rather busy than dangerous but if they be checked in their desires they become secretly discontent and look upon men and matters with an evil eye 本文是对抱负 雄心的分析 而这个题目本身范围太广 因此作者先给它下了个定义 确定讨论的方向 抱负 雄心在不同条件下表现出来的不同特性 这样就缩小了讨论范围 确定了讨论的方向 当然作者也可通过从句来对事物进行定义和解释 如 Hemophilia is called the bleeder s disease because the afflicted person s blood is unable to clot 2 2 2 2 时间 空间顺序法 时间 空间顺序法 以事情发展的顺序 或时间的先后安排材料 在描写 分析社会变化的文章中常用顺序 进行写作 同时也可以起到新旧对比论证的作用 如 Before a stop sign was put up there were one hundred and twenty accidents there in a year After a stop sign was put up there were only forty accidents in a year Having the stop sign there decreased the number of accidents immediately 文章用时间上的对比来论证了竖标牌的作用 通过时间顺序安排材料 结构清晰 论证 了标牌的作用 当图画比较复杂 而且方位较强时 考生可按照空间顺序进行描述 这样 考生既可以 对描写思路有所了解 又可使文章结构清晰 如 The kitchen was in a mess Along the left wall were the counter and sink covered with dirty dishes and garbage On the far wall the washing machine groaned under a load of filthy clothes Right next to the door where I was standing on my right I saw a table cluttered with old newspapers an overturned catsup bottle At the far end of the right wall the refrigerator stood with door ajar It was the messiest kitchen I had ever seen 3 3 3 3 因果分析法 因果分析法 这种方法是一种分析法 在阐释观点中常用 按因果关系的不同 可以分为一因一果 一因多果 一果多因 单一的因果关系往往用来分析简单的问题 而对于文章主要论点的分 析 应采用一因多果 一果多因的方法 这样可以全方位多个角度透彻地分析问题 如 The Beijing subway is to adopt international signs 主 题句 The Chinese characters originally used for east west south and north are to be replaced by the letters A B C and D The subway operator explained that the fourfourfourfour ChineseChineseChineseChinese characterscharacterscharacterscharacters indicatingindicatingindicatingindicating directionsdirectionsdirectionsdirections nononono longerlongerlongerlonger meetmeetmeetmeet thethethethe needsneedsneedsneeds ofofofof passengerspassengerspassengerspassengers givengivengivengiven thethethethe diversitydiversitydiversitydiversity ofofofof subwaysubwaysubwaysubway stationsstationsstationsstations andandandand increasesincreasesincreasesincreases inininin thethethethe numbernumbernumbernumber ofofofof entrancesentrancesentrancesentrances andandandand exits exits exits exits 因 Therefore uni